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Talk, Read, Sing: The Importance of Parental Involvement in Early Literacy among Children in Michigan
No full textThis presentation reports findings from the Michigan Early Learning Survey, which explores parental knowledge and engagement in early literacy activities with their children. Findings indicate strong understanding of the importance of early literacy activities. Most respondents actively engage in these behaviors, though factors such as busy schedules and fatigue present challenges
Encouraging Students to Nurture their Spiritual Relationship While Managing Social Media Consumption to Impact their Futures
No full textStudents are spending significant amounts of time on social media. As educators we have the opportunity to help students raise an awareness of how much time they are spending on social media and having their own personal devotions. We can help impact their time management life-skills
The Student Movement Volume 110 Issue 2: Week of Prayer, Politics, and Purpose
No full textHUMANS
What the Constitution Means to Me, Kara Shepard
Where Passion Meets Purpose: Senior Natalie Reid Reflects on Her College Years, Megan Constantine
ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT
Art Around the City, Corinna Bevier
The Saxophone Reimagined: Cerus Quartet at HPAC, Melanie Webb
The TV Shows That Taught Me Spanish, Corinna Bevier
NEWS
TikTok Survives: Trump Administration Announces Deal to Save the Platform, Joey Carrion
Students Experience Real Life, real God at Week of Prayer, Isa DeMoraes
IDEAS
Being Adventist in the 21st Century, Timi Olatunde
Question of the Week #2, Aiko J. Ayala Rios
The Great Spanish Surge, Ayanda Dewa
PULSE
Summer in September: Students Share Favorite Seasons as Campus Enjoys Unseasonal Warmth, Nicoleta Cojan
LAST WORD
The Duty of the Christian According to Bonhoeffer, Madison Vathhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-110/1001/thumbnail.jp
The Salvation of the Unevangelized: A Comparative Analysis of the views of Clark H. Pinnock and Millard J. Erickson
No full textProblem and Purpose
This dissertation addresses the problem of the ongoing disagreement among evangelical theologians, as represented by Clark H. Pinnock and Millard J. Erickson, concerning the issue of the salvation of the unevangelized. This disagreement continued even though both scholars focused on special revelation and general revelation as sources for information leading people to receive salvation. This approach failed to resolve the disagreement even after decades of heated theological debates indicating a need for a different approach to this soteriological problem. While other researchers have documented Pinnock’s and Erickson’s views on the salvation of the unevangelized, their motivations and the milieu of ideas in the evangelical community that influenced these developments have not been adequately described. The purpose of this dissertation is twofold: (1) to critically investigate, describe, analyze, and evaluate Pinnock’s and Erickson’s inclusivist and agnostic models; and (2) to propose a nuanced and improved inclusivist model.
Method
The method for this research includes the following. Chapter 1 includes an introduction and historical background to the issue of the salvation of the unevangelized. Chapters 2 and 3 present a descriptive survey and analysis of the writings of Pinnock and Erickson, respectively. This is done through examining two factors: (1) the development of their views and (2) how the doctrine of God, Christology, pneumatology, and soteriology influenced their views. Chapter 4 compares, contrasts, and evaluates Pinnock’s and Erickson’s views on the salvation of the unevangelized. It also proposes a model for the possibility of salvation among the unevangelized that builds on the strengths and avoids the weaknesses of Pinnock’s and Erickson’s models. Chapter 5 presents a summary of this dissertation and its conclusions and provides recommendations for further study.
Conclusions
This study has found that even though both interlocutors were Baptist and evangelical, they developed different models regarding the salvation of the unevangelized: inclusivism (by Pinnock) and soteriological agnosticism (by Erickson). Both scholars made significant contributions to this soteriological debate; however, this issue remains complex, challenging, and unresolved. For decades, they employed different approaches and methods with different results. Pinnock moved from Calvinism to Arminianism, and in the process shifted from exclusivism to inclusivism. Erickson remained a Calvinist and a soteriological agnostic, but revised his position, which brought it closer to general revelation inclusivism. Throughout his career, Erickson has maintained his soteriological agnostic view about one primary claim: that, through general revelation alone, the unevangelized can come to a saving knowledge of God. He has consistently argued for his position, distancing himself from exclusivism while pushing back against inclusivism. However, my examination and evaluation of his many revisions and fine-tuning of his arguments, shows that he has moved closer to general revelation inclusivism than to exclusivism.
Pinnock’s inclusivist model is biblically and theologically more helpful than Erickson’s. Pinnock affirmed saving grace through Christ and facilitated by the Holy Spirit in both general and special revelation. The unevangelized can be saved by the faith principle when they gain the knowledge of God via general revelation without needing special revelation. However, this study has expressed reservations regarding the following elements of his model: (1) his definition of general revelation as including divine visions, dreams, and angelic appearances, (2) his view on divine foreknowledge, and (3) his postmortem encounter view. I propose an improved inclusivist model in which general revelation excludes divine dreams, visions, and angelic appearances. In this model, general revelation has five elements: nature, history, human conscience, prevenient grace, and the ministry of the Holy Spirit. This model also excludes Pinnock’s postmortem encounter concept and affirms God’s exhaustive foreknowledge of everything that happens in his cosmos, including all possible and actual divine-human interactions. In brief, this model proposes that Scripture is compatible with the proposal that the unevangelized may be led by God through general revelation to salvation
Review of Jami Rogers, British Black and Asian Shakespeareans: Integrating Shakespeare, 1966-2018. (Bloomsbury, The Arden Shakespeare: London, UK, 2022)
No full textAndrews University Press 2026 Booklist
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/booklists-books/1019/thumbnail.jp