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A Multivariate Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 on the Consumer Price Index by Category in Selected Major Developed Countries
No full textThe global COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted economies worldwide, leading to varied inflationary trends across different countries and consumer sectors. This study investigates the changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) across 12 expenditure categories including food, beverages, clothing, housing, furnishing, health, transport, communication, recreation, education, restaurants, and miscellaneous in six countries: Canada, the United States, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and France. Using secondary data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Financial Statistics Database, a two-way mixed design was employed to explore both within-subjects effects of time period (Pre-COVID-19 vs. Post-COVID-19) and between-subjects effects of country on CPI changes. A two-way mixed MANOVA with a general linear model (GLM) framework was conducted to examine differences in CPI between the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods. Significant effects were found for both country (Wilks’ Lambda = .038, F(60, 2593.26) = 43.75, p \u3c .001, partial η² = .48) and time period (Wilks’ Lambda = .559, F(12, 553) = 36.42, p \u3c .001, partial η² = .44), with substantial interaction effects between country and time period (Wilks’ Lambda = .400, F(60, 2593.26) = 9.34, p \u3c .001, partial η² = .17). Post-hoc analyses using Scheffe tests revealed that Germany and Italy experienced the most pronounced CPI increases in categories such as food and housing, while Canada and France showed more moderate inflationary trends. In contrast, communication CPI declined significantly in Canada while increasing in the United Kingdo
A longitudinal study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the managerial effectiveness of the Magnificent Seven stocks firms: An economic value-added approach
No full textThis longitudinal study investigated the managerial effectiveness of the “Magnificent Seven” stock firms in enhancing Economic Value Added (EVA) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing a within-subject ANOVA analysis on data spanning from 2016 to 2023, this research aimed to explore how managerial decisions within these firms influenced economic profits over time. The study utilized the Stern-Stewart formula for EVA to calculate the average EVA data from 10-K filings of these technology-oriented firms, representing a significant portion of the S&P 500 index, to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their financial performance. Results indicated a large significant effect difference in EVA pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic, with an increase in both the mean value and variability of EVA. The partial eta squared value indicated that the time period accounted for approximately 26.4% of the variance in EVA. This suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on these firms’ EVA, reflecting positively on their managerial decision-making effectiveness in creating economic value. The conclusion highlighted the importance of management efficiency key decisions included leveraging artificial intelligence, maintaining operational agility to mitigate supply chain disruptions, and fostering a culture of innovation in navigating the complexities introduced by the pandemic. It underscored the significant role of external factors such as consumer behavior changes and government policies in influencing company performance. The study recommended exploring how different sectors responded to the pandemic’s challenges, particularly those hit hardest by the crisis. This study contributed to the understanding of EVA as a reliable measure of a company’s financial health and managerial effectiveness in uncertain times
Focus, 2025, Summer
No full textFOCUS (ISSN 1077-9345) is published quarterly, free of charge, for alumni and friends of Andrews University, an institution owned and operated by the Seventh-day Adventist Church.https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/focus/1111/thumbnail.jp
Soteriological Perspectives in the Seventh-day Adventist Church From 1930 to 2000
No full textThe Topic
The soteriology of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, originally shaped in the mid-nineteenth century around the preparation for the imminent Second Coming, has undergone gradual development over time. By the mid-twentieth century, various perspectives emerged due to the continuation of traditional teachings from the late nineteenth century and challenges from external theological influences. In particular, throughout the debate over Last Generation Theology, each theologian defined and interpreted “righteousness by faith” according to their own theological background and historical context. The resulting tensions and conflicts continue to persist to this day.
The Purpose
This study aims to describe and examine the varied views of selected representative Seventh-day Adventist thinkers on the doctrine of salvation from 1930 to 2000. Outlining their perceptions of justification and sanctification, including various theological subtopics, will be necessary to identify their diverse views and delineate a history of Adventist perceptions of soteriology.
Conclusions
This study identified that the historical development of soteriology in the Seventh-day Adventist Church from 1930 to 2000 can be summarized as follows: (1) Opposition to Last Generation Theology began gradually even before the publication of Questions on Doctrine in 1957. The theology that emphasized Christ’s fallen nature and sinless perfection was systematized by M. L. Andreasen, but was clearly rejected as early as the 1930s by leaders such as C. H. Watson. (2) From the 1960s onward, scholars such as Edward Heppenstall, Desmond Ford, and Hans K. LaRondelle began to use Reformed terminology and quote Protestant theologians, demonstrating that Adventist soteriology was increasingly influenced by broader Protestant theology. (3) The 1976 Palmdale Conference centered on the theological question of whether righteousness by faith includes only justification or both justification and sanctification. The conference concluded that righteousness by faith encompasses both aspects. Nevertheless, tension remained between the positions of Ford and LaRondelle, which continued to coexist within the church. (4) During the 1980s, efforts emerged to move beyond legalism and perfectionism. Theologians increasingly proposed more pastoral and grace-centered understandings of the gospel, placing greater emphasis on God’s love and trust rather than fear.
In this historical context, this dissertation also analyzes and describes the soteriological positions of twelve key Seventh-day Adventist theologians by examining their views on topics such as original sin and guilt, prevenient grace, the human nature and atonement of Christ, faith, justification, sanctification, righteousness by faith, perfection, and judgment. Each of these thinkers developed their own theological positions within their respective historical and theological contexts. Significant differences emerged between those who supported Last Generation Theology and those influenced by Reformed theology. Even among those who opposed Last Generation Theology, diverse understandings appeared regarding the scope of righteousness by faith and the nature of salvation in the judgment. In recent decades, more relational and grace-oriented perspectives on salvation have been emphasized, leading to a decline in perfectionistic theology. Nevertheless, various soteriological views continue to coexist within the Seventh-day Adventist Church
Community Violence Exposure and Trauma: The Perceptions and Experiences of School Mental Health Workers in Trinidad
No full textThis qualitative study explores the perceptions and experiences of school mental health personnel who support children living in communities with high levels of community violence in Trinidad. This study aims to gain insight into the type/s and frequency of community violence children are exposed to, the possible trauma symptoms observed, and the interventions used to respond to these children through the experiences of these school mental health workers. Eight school mental health workers (5 school social workers and 3 guidance counselors/officers) were interviewed via Zoom using semi-structured interviews. The audio recordings from the interviews were transcribed andare being analyzed using thematic analysis for this phenomenological study. The findings will inform future interventions, and provide more information to inform intervention, practice, and policy
