SUAIRE (Sokoine Univ. of Agriculture)
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Impact of heteropsylla cubana infestation on Leucaena leucocephala in Morogoro and Tanga regions, Tanzania
No full textJournal articleHeteropsylla
cubana
has
damaged
Leucaena leucocephala in Tanzania since
its 1992 outbreak while its impacts remain
unclear to date. This study aimed to assess
the impact of Heteropsylla cubana on L.
leucocephala, a valuable multi-purpose tree
in Tanzania. Using the Point Centre Quarter
method, the study observed L. leucocephala
in Morogoro and Tanga regions to
determine the population density of H.
cubana, infestation density, and shoot
health. Descriptive statistics were used to
calculate the frequency and mean
population density of H. cubana, infestation
density, and shoot health. Analysis of
Variance was used to compare the mean
population density of H. cubana among
different diameter at breast height (dbh)
classes and crown parts. The findings show
that the population density of eggs of H.
cubana differed significantly among crown
levels in Morogoro, but not in Tanga. There
was no significant difference in nymph and
adult population density among crown
levels or dbh classes in both regions. The
infestation density and shoot damage were
slightly higher in Morogoro than in Tanga,
but both regions had good shoot health.
Farmers can safely plant L. leucocephala
without fear of H. cubana, as its population
is below injury level in the study areas.Doreen Samwel
Mvungi Foundatio
Access to alternative water sources and perceptions of water service performance in Lukobe Ward, Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
No full textEast African Journal of Social and Applied Sciences (EAJ-SAS) Vol.6, No.2, pp. 32-42Drought and the consequent decline in water levels in dams, rivers, and streams have
exacerbated water shortages in the Morogoro Region. In some instances, residents receive
piped water only once or twice a week, often with low water pressure. This study was
conducted in Lukobe Ward, one of the areas in Morogoro Region that faces severe challenges
in accessing piped water. The article examines the accessibility of alternative water sources
and explores households’ perceptions of the performance of water service delivery in Lukobe
Ward, Morogoro Municipality. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and
utilised a mixed-methods approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data.
Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and one-way Analysis of
Variance (ANOVA), while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Data were
gathered from 120 respondents through household surveys, key informant interviews, and
focus group discussions. Findings revealed significant differences in the distance to water
sources among the three streets studied (F = 19.965; P = 0.000). The overall mean distance
from households to water sources was 633.45 metres, with a standard deviation of 1015.77
metres. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between Lukobe Kambi
Tano and Lukobe Juu (P = 0.0581). Furthermore, a higher proportion of male respondents
(60.0%) reported spending less than 60 minutes fetching water compared to female
respondents (58.1%). The majority of households agreed that alternative water sources do
not adequately meet domestic needs. Based on the findings, the study concludes that access
to domestic water sources within the recommended 400 metres has not yet been achieved
for most households in Lukobe Ward. It is therefore recommended that the Morogoro
Municipal Council, through local government authorities, strengthen collaboration with key
stakeholders including financial institutions to enhance the enabling environment for
financing water and sanitation services in water-scarce communities
Population genetic status of endangered whitespotted whipray Maculabatis gerrardi (Gray, 1851) in Tanzania
No full textJournal articleThe whitespotted whipray Maculabatis gerrardi is exploited in Tanzania for its meat, skin and
Accepted:cartilage, and is classified as an endangered species by the IUCN. A mitochondrial COI gene
April 12, 2024fragment from 105 M. gerrardi individuals obtained from four unprotected and one protected
Published:marine area in Tanzania was used to determine the present genetic diversity, demographics, and
July xx, 2024effective population size of whiprays. Lower levels of nucleotide and haplotype diversity and
Copyright:mean mutational effective population size were apparent in unprotected than in protected areas.
Owned by the journal.Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified a significant genetic difference between sub-
The articles are open accesspopulations of M. gerrardi and hierarchical AMOVA identified separate genetic stocks, indicative
articles distributed underof high levels of philopatry or individual sedentarity in M. gerrardi. The importance of marine
the terms and conditions of the
Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY 4.0) licence.
protected areas to conserve genetic diversity of whiprays is highlighted
Agricultural health and safety
No full textJournal ArticleEmploying over a third of the global workforce, agriculture remains a pivotal yet inherently risky sector. In many regions,
family farms expose individuals, including children, to diverse hazards. The physical nature of the work poses musculoskel-
etal and noise-induced hearing risks, while chemical agents like pesticides and toxins pose potentially even greater dangers.
Recognizing these evolving threats, this chapter outlines pertinent challenges and explores evidence-based approaches to
safeguard agricultural communities, paving the way for a safer and more sustainable future
Perceptions of Tanzanian livestock dependent communities on climate related changes: a case of the Maasai pastoralists in Longido district, Northern Tanzania
No full textJournal articleThe study was carried out in Longido District, northern Tanzania to understand the Maasai
pastoralists‘ perceptions and interpretations of changes in climate and variability and determine
their livelihood coping strategies with climate variability and change following a devastating
drought in 2009/2010. Primary and secondary data were collected using household questionnaires,
key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. The perception of climate change and
variability was supported with a time-series analysis of rainfall and temperature data. The results
show that the Maasai pastoralists are aware of the current variations and changes in climate,
which they admit to have become increasingly difficult to predict using their traditional knowledge.
Furthermore, the study identified indicators of climate change and variability and the associated
adversities as perceived by the Maasai pastoralists in the study area. The statistical analysis of
30 years of climatic data produced results that are in agreement with the Maasai pastoralists’
perception of climate change and variability. It is imperative to understand people’s perceptions
and their responses to climate-related impacts in the future. Since some of the pastoralists’ ways to
cope with climate-related adversities are failing, new means or techniques have certainly emerged.
It is recommended that the present techniques in designing alternative adaptive strategies for
pastoralism should be examined and up-scaled, which is the most productive form of land use for
a patchy and scattered range of land resources
Gender-based violence preventation strategies among student in Ilemela Municipal Secondary Schools
No full textInternational Journal of Education and Social Science Research Vol. 7, Issue.4, July-Aug 2024, page no. 218-233Gender-based violence (GBV) is a worldwide concern that affects secondary school students with
different socioeconomic backgrounds. This study examined GBV prevention strategies among
students in Ilemela Municipal secondary schools in Tanzania. The study employed a mixed-methods
approach to collect and analyse data among respondents in the study area. Quantitative data were
analyzed by using descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression and qualitative data were analysed
by using content analysis. The assessment covered demographic information and the GBV prevention
strategies including, reporting methods, GBV desks, and prevalence of GBV campaigns. The results
showed that the study area used various GBV prevention strategies, in which GBV desks, workshops,
and counselling services were the most frequently used strategies. Different reporting methods for
GBV incidences were used by respondents, in which over 50% reported the use of GBV desks, while
small proportions preferred to report to local leaders (6.6%), teachers (3.7%), and religious leaders
(0.6%). This implies that respondents had more preference to report in the GBV desks than local
leaders, teachers and the religious leaders. Also, the study revealed that among the strategies, peer
education, workshops and counseling services had the highest proportions (52.8%, 55.3 and 58.53%),
respectively in addressing GBV in secondary schools was further found that workshops and counseling
services had statistically significant (p ≤ 0.003 and p ≤ 0.001 respectively) influence in seeking GBV
help. Basing on these results, this study recommends that the collective utilization of these strategies
would improve help seeking thus assisting in combating GBV among secondary school students
Effects of soil pH levels on iron and zinc concentrations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes
No full textFull Length Research PaperPlants grown in acid soils experience a variety of stresses which include aluminium, hydrogen and/or
manganese toxicity, as well as nutrient deficiencies of calcium and magnesium. A study was carried out
to determine the influence of soil pH levels on iron and zinc concentrations in leaves and seeds of
twenty-five common bean genotypes. Plastic cups trial was carried out in the screen house to
determine the actual amount of quick lime Ca(OH)2 required to reach a targeted soil pH level. In each
pot, 4 kg soil was amended with Ca(OH)2 to obtain the target soil pH levels of 5.3, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5. The
experimental design followed a randomized complete block design in a split plot arrangement with
three replications per treatment. The pH levels were treated as main factor and genotypes as sub plot.
Data collected include leaf iron concentration, seed iron concentration, leaf zinc concentration, and
seed zinc concentration and analysis of variance was performed for all data using GenStat statistical
package 15th edition. The result demonstrated that soil pH affects absorption of micronutrients directly
or indirectly by affecting the nutrients availability to common bean plants
Viability and genetic integrity of African eggplant (Solanum spp.)seeds during natural ageing under cold dry storage
No full textArticleSeed deterioration occurs gradually during long-term seed storage. Viability, vigour, and genetic integrity of African eggplant seeds were
assessed under natural ageing during genebank storage. The percentage of tail DNA before and after seed imbibition was used to account for
genotoxicity and DNA repair during cold dry storage at 10 °C using the comet assay. After 2, 5, and 12 years of storage in the genebank, a
reduction of seed viability was observed in all studied African eggplant genotypes. However, seed viability was more significantly reduced in seed
lots that had been stored for a longer period in the genebank (p < 0.05). Overall, higher viability loss was recorded in seeds regenerated 12 years
before (p < 0.05). The molecular analysis by comet assay showed significant DNA damage during natural aging under genebank conditions,
accompanied by important loss of viability and germination energy in older seeds translated into low DNA repair after seed imbibition. The seed
lots which had better initial quality were able to maintain higher viability during genebank storage. The findings inform on the storage behaviour
of African eggplant genotypes and are relevant for the proper handling of seed lots in genebanks. They are also relevant for future studies on
seed longevity prediction in African eggplant.'Taiwan-Africa ArticleVegetable Initiative (TAVI
Market margin distribution along the beef cattle market chain in Longido district, Arusha
No full textJournal ArticleThe distribution of market margins plays a crucial role in the performance of the beef market
chain. However, there is a lack of understanding about the fairness of this distribution among
the chain's participants. This study examines the margin shares among actors in the beef cattle
market chain in Longido and Arusha districts. Data were collected from 270 respondents in these
areas and analyzed using SPSS software. Through a cost-benefit analysis, the study assessed the
distribution of market margins among the actors. The results showed that livestock keepers and
traders receive a smaller portion of the net gross margin, 18% and 29.2% respectively, compared
to their cost shares of 21.1% and 32.8%. Meanwhile, butcher operators obtain 52.8% of the market
margin against a production cost share of 46.1%. These findings suggest that actors are equitably
compensated. However, the study identified issues such as traders' reluctance to use weighing
scales, which negatively impacts livestock keepers. Additionally, there is a regulatory gap with
laws, such as selling livestock by weight at all markets, not being enforced. Addressing these issues
could promote better husbandry practices, increase cattle value, and improve income distribution
for farmers
Motivational factors for participation in domestic marine tourism: the case of marine protected areas of Dar es salaam coast, Tanzania
No full textJournal articleDomestic tourism has rapidly become one of the better options for
enhancing social, economic, and environmental development in many
countries. For a country to benefit from this option, the participation of
citizens in tourism activities is highly encouraged. Several efforts have been
made by the government of Tanzania to encourage its citizens to participate
in tourism. Despite these efforts, there is still an absence of knowledge
of what motivates citizens to visit Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The
study was conducted in marine park reserves, namely Bongoyo, Mbudya,
and Fungu Yasini-all located in the Indian Ocean in the Dar es Salaam
region of Tanzania (Marine Park & Reserves, n.d.). The study adopted an
exploratory research design to explore the factors that visitors consider
important for participating in marine tourism. The study used a sample size
of 60 respondents. The respondents were gathered using the convenience
sampling technique. Data has been collected using questionnaires and
telephone interviews and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social
Science (SPSS) v26. The partial least square structural equation model
(PLS-SEM) was used to explore the statistical relationships between
destination attributes and visitors’ psychological needs for their satisfaction.
Findings indicate that psychological needs have a strong relationship with
destination attributes. The destination attributes have a significant impact
on satisfaction. The study revealed that resting and relaxation, pride, and
novelty are the psychological needs that significantly influence satisfaction.
Likewise, destination attributes that were mentioned by respondents as
important were scenic beauty, clean water, cruising environment, and staff
hospitality. It is recommended that service providers understand and match
visitors’ psychological needs with destination attributes for their target
markets and accordingly design the provision of products and services at
affordable rates