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An enhanced adaptive duty cycle scheme for optimum data transmission in wireless sensor network
No full textIn wireless sensor network (WSN), energy efficiency is the most fundamental issue that requires special attention
during the design of communication protocols. Energy waste is largely contributed by collision, idle listening,
overhearing and over-emitting that occur at medium access control layer. One of the most widely used mechanism
energy saving in WSN, specifically at MAC layer is Duty Cycle. Duty Cycling coordinates the sleep/wake-up time
sensor nodes to maximize the network lifetime while achieving specific application goals such as high throughput or
low latency. Most existing works focused more on static duty cycling which cannot guarantee the desire end-to-end
delay at varying network condition. In applications with specific delay requirement, the duty cycling of every node
should be adjusted separately ay runtime depending on the network conditions to achieve desired delay guarantees
and energy efficiency. Recently, a few adaptive duty cycle schemes were introduced. Although energy consumption has
been reduced by some degree, it leaves an open ended to the degradation of quality of service. In this research, we
find the optimum data transmission in WSN. We purpose a variant of an adaptive duty cycle scheme for MAC
protocol. By adaptive, these factors determine the duration of node’s listen period for various packet transmission
scenarios and requirements. This result in less waiting time for each packet to be transferred as well as reduce the retransmission of undelivered packets. We anticipate this proposed method will improve the energy consumption and
QoS of each node and thus the WSN. The success of this project will be contributed to the performance improvement
and cost-effective sensing device
Al-wasatiyyah perspektif al-ghazali dalam akidah dan kepentingannya kepada perpaduan negara
No full textThe concept of wilayah (responsibility) according to Ibn Taymiyyah
No full textThe sudden and insisting emergence of various people claiming wilayah (being given responsibility by Allah SWT)
nowadays is a call that alarms. It calls for serious attentions from those who are in authority. There are two kinds of
wilayah according to Ibn Taymiyyah; that of Allah SWT and that of al-Shaytan. There are those chosen by Allah and
there are those who have preferred their adherence to Shaytan, we must differentiate between these and those, as clarified
by Allah swt and His Messenger s.a.w. The chosen ones of Allah swt are the believers and the followers of Shaytan are
not, and it has been difficult for people in this contemporary age to differentiate between the two; they know not the way
to distinguish between their qualities and think that anyone on whose hand strange things occur could be regarded as the
one chosen by Allah swt. This extends to not only the hotels and tourism pacts but anyone who is saddled with
responsibility. This paper is based on clarifying the whims associated to al-Wilayah (guardianship) from the perception
of Ibn Taymiyyah and his writings. The paper employs library, inductive and analytical approach to collect and analyze
the required data, which are collected from books and scholarly articles of both ancient and contemporary scholars. The
paper basically relies on the Qur’anic verses, prophetic traditions, the statements of companions and their successors, as
well as scholars who thread their path. Thus, the central focus of the article is to clarify the concept of being saddled
with wilayah from the point of view of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah (ASWAJA) as established in the Qur'an and
Sunnah, through Ibn Taymiyah and his writings
Orwell's 1984 and the concept of Powerlessness
No full textThis article examines the theme of social-psychological alienation in Orwell’s 1984 by focusing on
Winston as a character. The theme of alienation has repeatedly studied in the works of Hegel, Marx, Weber, Fromm
and Durkheim. However, this article mainly focuses on Seeman’s conceptualization of alienation as a theoretical
framework. This paper is limited to clarify the term ‘powerlessness' because it is the dominant concept in the novel.
Since this paper offers an understanding of powerlessness, it is a must to first, clearly present the reasons that led to
Winston’s feeling of alienation. Understanding Seeman’s concept of alienation (especially on how he clarifies the
process, circumstances and results of alienation) is significant as the subject of this study. Certainly, the term
‘alienation’ was not particularly used in the novel, but the concept is clearly shown by the characters, especially
Winston. A thematic analysis, combined with Seeman’s concept, offers a better perception of the novel where a deep
investigation revealed that Winston develops a sense of alienation due to four reasons, which are totalitarianism,
fear, Party’s control of power and information. The findings of this paper could be of many benefits not only for
scholars but also for readers who are aware of the circumstances and factors that could lead to the sense of
powerlessness and consequently to social-psychological alienation
An approach to the cross-cultural and intercultural communication in the Nigerian government-linked companies
No full textCulture and communication are two commonly dependent problems. Individuals with different
cultures can communicate effectively only if their cultural differences are succeeded and the eventual
communication barriers overcome. It is well accepted today that cultural differences can seriously impact
the activities in business institutions. With globalization and international business, effective cross-cultural
communication is required at the workplace to ensure success, especially in carried out corporate social
responsibility projects as a team. This study aims to examine the relationship between cross culture
corporate social responsibility projects (cultural factors) and intercultural communication (IC) in Nigerian
government-linked companies. It intends to show that effective communication may occur when interacting
people understand and accept their cultural differences
Pendekatan al-Biruni dalam Memahami Konsep Gerhana Menerusi Kitab al-Qanun al-Mas' udi [Using The al-Biruni Approach to Understand The Eclipse Phenomenon Based on The al-Qanun Al-Mas'udi Scripture]
No full textPerkembangan ilmu sains yang semakin meluas mendapati banyak buku-buku, artikel, jurnal dan
sebagainya yang membahas tentang kejadian gerhana matahari dan gerhana bulan ini. Kitab al-Qanun
al-Mas’udi karya Abu Rayhan al-Biruni adalah sebuah kitab ilmu falak membahaskan fenomena
gerhana dengan lengkap. Permasalahan yang dikaji turut merangkumi konsep gerhana matahari dan
bulan menurut pandangan sarjana Islam dan Barat, konsep gerhana menurut al-Biruni berdasarkan kitab
al-Qanun al-Mas’udi dan analisis daripada nas dan syarak serta teori sains untuk melihat keselarasan
antara Sains dan Islam. Kajian ini bersifat kepustakaan (library research), bertujuan untuk menjawab
semua persoalan yang dikemukakan. Sumber primer untuk kajian ini adalah kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi
dan data sekundernya diperolehi daripada beberapa dokumen bertulis seperti buku, makalah, artikel,
jurnal dan tesis. Semua data tersebut diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis.
Hasil daripada kajian terhadap kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi, al-Biruni adalah seorang sarjana Islam yang
mempercayai teori geosentrik iaitu menganggap matahari bergerak mengelilingi bumi. Pendapat ini
berbeza dengan pendapat ahli-ahli astronomi lain yang mempercayai teori heliosentrik iaitu matahari
sebagai pusat tata suria dan bumi yang mengelilingi matahari. Tetapi, konsep gerhana secara umum
yang dinyatakan al-Biruni berdasarkan kitab beliau itu adalah selari dan sama dengan pendapat ahli-ahli
astronomi yang lain iaitu berlakunya kejadian gerhana apabila matahari, bulan dan bumi berada pada
satu garis lurus astronomi. Oleh kerana itu, maka kitab al-Qanun al-Mas’udi adalah kitab yang sesuai
dijadikan rujukan pada zaman sekarang untuk mengetahui bagaimana berlakunya fenomena gerhana
matahari dan gerhana bulan
An overview of the green building rating systems in the Malaysian construction industry
No full textIt is a goal under the Malaysian government Green Technology Master Plan
2017-2030 (the GTMP) that there shall be an increase from 550 total targeted green buildings
in 2020 to a total of 1,750 green buildings by 2030 with substantial targeted emission reduction
in both government and private buildings. Evaluating sustainability of a project has, thus,
become a necessity. In fact, the GTMP aspires to alter the current landscape of voluntary rating
system by making it mandatory. The world has seen the proliferation of green building rating
systems as a method to measure sustainability in buildings. In Malaysia, there are at least ten
green building rating tools that had been introduced for that very purpose. However, there
appears to be no consistency in terms of assessment with different rating tools focusing or giving
weight on different criteria of sustainability factors or themes. This paper provides an overview
of the existing green building rating systems developed in Malaysia and highlights the
differences in the nature and assessment criteria, if they are to be adopted. This paper further
discusses on the worldwide debate on the best practice in measuring and reporting on
sustainability of a project or building and how the transition from voluntary to mandatory rating
system as aspired by the GTMP may be the solution to the issue of “greenwashing”
Causes of kidnapping in Nigeria and proposed solutions
No full textNigeria is a complex society with a rapid growing population of roughly 200 million people. The country has around
500 different languages and 250 distinct ethnic groups. Thus, uniting these complex groups into one unified political
entity since the amalgamation of the country in 1914 proved difficult. Comparatively, Nigeria is one of the secured
and peaceful nations in the West African sub-region; however, contemporarily, this endowed nation suddenly
plunged into waves of kidnapping and other heinous crimes such as armed robbery and banditry. The phenomenon
has escalated and led to numerous lives lost, which also crippled socio-economic activities. Generally, as enshrined
in chapter 2, section 14(2b) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, the security of lives and property is one of the
primary responsibility of the state. This study aims to identify the causes of kidnapping in Nigeria and offer some
strategic solution to the problem. The study adopted a Qualitative method and also adopt both Marxian and strain
theories of crime. The study`s findings through descriptive and historical method shows that abject poverty,
corruption and fraud, political influence, joblessness, terrorism, lack of capital punishment by the government, the
changing value system and quick-money syndrome are the major causes of kidnapping in Nigeria. Finally, the study
went further to profound remedies that will stop the ugly menace of kidnapping in Nigeria, such as job creation, New
policy adaptation and implementation, public awareness and empowerment programs, Sim cards registrations,
quitting ransom payment, re-modified community policing and stoppage of small and light arms proliferation in the
country. Considerably, by adopting such measures, we hope that the menace will perish in Nigeria for a better and
productive society
Methodology of Ahl Sunnah wal Jamaah to overcome the confusion on concept of Mukhalafatuhu lil Hawadith
No full textThe confusion of concepts ‘Mukhalafatuhu lil Hawadith’ was seen as the main cause for ‘Firaq
Islamiyyah’ among the Muslims who fails to understand Aqidah al-Islamiyyah from the perspective of Ahli Sunnah
wal Jama’ah’s view. One of the elements of the Islam perspective is to understand in god and to accept these
elements important to understand thoroughly the concept Mukhalafatuhu li al-Hawaadith. Thus, the objective of
this study was to analyse the methodology of Ahl Sunnah wal Jama’ah’s scholars in this concept and able to be a
solution to overcome the confusion. In this study, researchers conducted a study descriptive qualitative to collect
and analyse the data. Besides that, the study also recognises the methodology that has been taken by the scholars
of Ahli Sunnah Wal Jama’ah to solve and overcome the confusion that related with the concept of Mukhalafatuhu
lil Hawadith in faiths
The benefits and drawbacks of problem-based learning: the view of pre-housemen and clinical year students
No full textProblem-based learning (PBL) extensively practiced learning approaches in medicine and various higher
education settings. Success or failure of PBL depends on student’s perception and attitude as well as the
facilitators. Understanding student’s perception and attitude toward PBL and also the facilitator would work as
feedback to upgrade PBL. The purpose of this is study was to determine the students of clinical years and prehouseman perceptions and attitudes towards the PBL and its facilitators. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional
study conducted in a private institution in Malaysia; the questionnaire was prepared using Google docs and
distributed to pre-housemen and clinical year students. The results showed 86.2% of participant's positive
perception that voiced as the Problem Based Learning encourages them for learning cognitive and soft skills.
More than half of the students have consented; that students with dominant leadership benefit more with PBL,
and others remain disadvantages in PBL is one of the drawbacks. The majority of the students expressed a
positive attitude towards the facilitators; that the guidance and encouragement extended during the PBL session.
They also expressed their opinion that the facilitator should debrief at the end of the PBL session. The study
concludes that PBL is an appropriate tool to nurture students and enrich them with their soft skills and making
better use of cognitive ability. Furthermore, the study conceptualizes that besides some drawbacks in PBL
facilitation, it is one of the best methods pave up to the achievements of university objectives. This study results
would be beneficial in the facilitation of future PBL sessions not only in Lincoln University College but also in
other global universities