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Empowerment and leader member exchange towards organizational citizenship behavior readiness among government workforce in Malaysia
No full textState agencies are among vital agencies that meet the needs of the public at large and their services
are important to drive the economic growth and development of a State specifically and the nation in
general. For years, as evidenced from Public Complaints Bureau, state agencies have been plagued
with public complaints as the issues of inefficiency of service quality and delivery has yet to meet the
expectation of the public. This study attempts to attain three objectives with participation from 15 State
agencies workforce in east coast region of Malaysia. The first and second objectives are to examine
the relationships of leader-member exchange (LMX) and empowerment towards OCB. The last
objective is to determine the dominant variables that can impact OCB willingness. 288 respondents
participated in the survey using cluster sampling procedure. Pilot test results indicated the survey
items have achieved the required reliability and several sub-dimensions were renamed after
underwent factor analysis. Employing multiple regression in answering first and second objectives
revealed that LMX-LoyalAffect, LMX-Contribution and EMP-MeanSelf have the abilities to invoke
OCB. In answering third objective employing stepwise regression revealed that EMP-MeanSelf has
strongest Beta at 0.325, p<0.001, followed by LMX-Contribution with Beta of 0.216, p<0.01 and lastly
LMX-LoyalAffect with Beta of 0.158, p<0.05 with moderate R2 of 31%. The findings from this study
provide significant contribution to the State agencies management that fostering quality dyadic
relationship and empowering the workforce should be given priority as these elements are vital in
elevating OCB. By focusing on these interrelationships by implementing the suggestions for
improvement, State agencies in east coast region can achieve the mandated objectives and instil
public confidence towards efficiency of the various services provided by these important agencies.
Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are also emphasized
Using the Zappar application (AL-ARABIYYAH @ ZAPPAR) to teach Arabic to non-Arabic speakers
No full textأصبح التعليم اليوع أكو تقد ا ء وجود ال تكاياع والتقنياع اليت تلون حياا اجلي احلاي. ين الواقء املعة (Augmented
Reality )هو تطبي يوع اتصةالي لعةامل املةادل أبجهةةا يقميةة ميكنهةا يضةاعة نصةو ويةةو اع وعيةديو وصةوع ا ع ضةها
التقدمي . ا عةامل التعلةيم ر ميكةن أن يتةي الواقةء يىل نةاه الةتعلم الةيت يتبعهةا الطةاب. هتةد هةآ الدياةةة يىل تطةوي
وحةةداع يلكرتونيةةة ملوضةةوعاع اللغةةة الع يةةة ةةن ةةال تطبيقةةاع قائمةةة علةةى الواقةةء املعةةة لغةةإ النةةا قني ملةةا ا جا عةةة
السلطان ين العا دين ماليةاي ن ال تطبيقاع ا Zappar .)مت ا تياي ةادا اللغةة الع يةة للطةاب الةآين لةي لةديهم
أةةاس ا اللغةة الع يةة كمةادا تعليميةة ةةت داع هةآا التطبية ومسيةة ةةم ZAPPAR@ARABIYYAH-AL .لقةد ةايك
ي 47 ةا ا اةةت داع هةآا التطبية ا الرصة الدياةة اجلةا ع الوةاين. وأثبتةة نتيجةة الدياةةة ينبةة الطلبةة ا ا
الب ةةت داع
هةآا التطبية دا ة الرصة أو ايجة . ل تصةاير تسةه وة هةآ التطبيقةاع التعليميةة اةايكة املةواد ةء الطلبةة أثنةاظ
جلساع التعلم والتعليم أو ححل عد انتهاظ الدياةة
Factors that influenced the purchase of gemstone among enthusiast in Kelantan
No full textThis research has been conducted to identify three main factors i) the level of knowledge on
gemstone, ii) the choices of the types of gemstone among enthusiast, iii) factors that influenced the
purchase of gemstone. A quantitative research questions were used to collect information and
answered the aforementioned main factors. The total of 302 respondents includes Malay male from all
over Kelantan. The focus of the research is on the knowledge of gemstone only in the category of
precious gemstone which are diamond, ruby, sapphire and emerald. The outcome of the analysis shows
over 86.1% of respondent can identify the characteristics of natural or synthetic gemstone. However,
over 66.6% of respondents are not confident with the naturalness of the purchased gemstone and are
not familiar with the term of the treated gemstone and gemstone certificate. The knowledge about
gemstone colour, gemstone-producing countries and the price of gemstone are from the range of 17%
to 84%. Ruby was the most popular choice among the respondents and the price that respondents
willing to pay for a gemstone are between RM 500 - RM 1000. Moreover, most of the respondents
agreed that personal factors (age, profession, economy, life style, personality) influenced individual in purchasing the gemstone. Overall, it can be included that the level of knowledge of gemstone among
enthusiast in Kelantan is at alarming level based on the findings that 76.8% of the enthusiast are not
familiar with the terms of treated gemstone and gemstone certificate
