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“Green construction contracts”: an appraisal of the PWD, PAM and CIDB standard form building contracts
No full textOne of the vital aspects in implementing a sustainable and energy efficient
construction project is the contracts. Similar to other type of contracts, parties in
construction contracts need to clearly identify their expectations and specifically
provide in the contract for the accomplishment of their intention. If the parties are
serious on green building or “green” related issues in the project, such
interest/objective can best be achieved via terms of the construction contracts.
Some of existing construction contracts may include provisions that promote
consideration of sustainability issues, but normally such terms are general and not
mandatory. For example, in the UK JCT standard form construction contract, there
is a provision for optional clauses which encouraged the contractor to suggest
economically viable amendments to the works which, if instructed as a change, may
result in an improvement in environmental performance in the carrying out of the
works. In Malaysia, the standard form contracts which are commonly adopted by
the construction industry players are the PWD forms for the government projects
and PAM forms for the private projects. The CIDB standard form is also available
as another option though it is not as popular as the other two standard form
contracts. This paper discusses provisions of the PWD, PAM and CIDB forms in
relation to green construction contracts. The main objectives of this paper are to
highlight whether existing terms in these standard forms are able to cater for green
issues in construction industry and to propose necessary changes so that the contracts could accommodate sustainable and green building projects. The
research methodology adopted in this paper is doctrinal and statutory analysis
Konsep mukhalafatuhu li al-hawadith menurut shurrah matan jawharah al-tawhi
No full textSebahagian besar kajian dalam perbahasan akidah yang telah dilakukan sebelum ini banyak
menumpukan lebih kepada isu-isu besar yang telah berlaku di dalam ruang lingkup perbicangan isu-isu
akidah Islam seperti pertembungan pelbagai aliran yang mengaku membawa panji ahl al-Sunnah wa alJamac
ah yang sebenar namun pada hakikatnya tidak semua daripada golongan ini benar-benar berada di
atas landasan yang telah digariskan sebagai firqah al-najiyah oleh Baginda SAW. Kebanyakan golongan
yang mendakwa merekalah golongan yang disebut oleh Baginda SAW ini, telah melakukan kesalahan
serta penyelewengan terhadap pemahaman akidah Islamiyyah yang bersumberkan pemahaman yang
benar daripada al-Quran dan al-Sunnah. Tambahan pula, telah wujud dalam masyarakat Islam kita pada
hari ini golongan yang bersemangat menyeru masyarakat kembali kepada al-Quran dan al-Sunnah, tanpa
perlu mengambil kira kepentingan ulama dan mazhab. Bahkan, hasil daripada seruan ini, telah muncul
kembali individu-individu yang silap memahami isu-isu akidah Islam khususnya isu tentang sifat-sifat
Allah SWT. berdasarkan al-Quran dan al-Sunnah. Oleh itu, kajian ini merupakan satu kajian mengenai
pemahaman salah satu sifat yang wajib bagi Allah SWT iaitu sifat mukhalafatuhu li alhawadith menurut
shurrah matan Jawharah al-Tawhid. Kajian ini dilakukan bagi memperjelaskan konsep sifat
mukhalafatuhu li al-hawadith berdasarkan pandangan al„Imam Ibrahim bin Hasan al-Laqani menerusi
matan Jawharah al-Tawhid dan syarahnya serta ulama-ulama lain yang datang setelahnya yang telah
mensharahkan matan ini menerusi kitab-kitab syarah mereka. Fokus kajian ini adalan penelitian serta
perincian pegangan ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamac
ah terhadap sifat mukhalafatuhu li al-hawadith berdasarkan
dalil naqli dan caqli di sisi Imam al-Laqani serta pandangan para ulama yang telah mensyarahkan matan
yang telah ditulis oleh beliau. Selain itu, kajian ini juga dilakukan untuk menilai dan menjelaskan iktikad
ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamac
ah dalam mentafsir sifat mukhalafatuhu li al-hawadith serta golongan lain yang
menyimpang daripada fahaman ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamac
ah seperti golongan Muktazilah, Mujassimah,
Hasywiyyah dan yang seumpama dengannya
Konotasi darah haid menurut perspektif perubatan dan al-Quran
No full textDarah haid diciptakan oleh Allah s.w.t. secara fitrah dan ia dialami oleh kaum wanita secara
normal. Melalui ayat 222 dalam surah al-Baqarah yang menyebut implikasi darah haid sebagai aza perlu
dikaitkan kronologinya dari perspektif sains. Objektif penulisan ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan
menghubungkaitkan perspektif fuqaha, mufassirin dan sains dari sudut ciptaan darah haid. Kajian ini
dijalankan dengan menggunakan ulasan literatur secara deskriptif dan temubual pakar O&G. Dapatan kajian
mendapati penjelasan kejadian darah haid menurut ulama dan sains mempunyai perkaitan signifikan dalam
menginterpretasi konotasi darah itu bagi menyeimbangi antara keperluan ibadah dan keseimbangan kesihatan
seseorang wanita. Di sebalik kejadian darah haid, tersurat dan tersirat hikmah yang menggambarkan
keunikan ciptaan Allah terhadap kaum wanita
Association between stress, body weight status and metabolic syndrome among adult population in Terengganu
No full textMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including
central obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. Presence of stress
and MetS are believed to be significant in adults nowadays. Nevertheless, there is still
limited data on association between stress and MetS to confirm this among adult
population in sub-urban state like Terengganu. Therefore, this study aimed to
investigate the association between stress and MetS among adult population in
Terengganu. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 188 adults aged 20 to 59
years old in Terengganu. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on
sociodemographic characteristics. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters
comprised of weight, height, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, blood lipid
profile and blood pressure were measured. Stress level was assessed using Depression,
Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Joint Interim Statement (2009) on MetS was used to
identify MetS. Subjects were 79.3% Malays (n=149), 4.8% Chinese (n=9) and 16.0%
Indians (n=30). Of that, 39.4% were males whilst 76.6% were females. The
prevalence of stress and MetS was 17.6% and 39.4% respectively. There was no
significant association between gender, age, ethnicity, body weight status and MetS
with stress. In addition, there was no significant association between gender, age,
ethnicity and stress with MetS. However, there was a significant association between
body weight status and MetS. Binary logistics regression showed that the odds of
developing MetS were 9.1 (95% CI: 2.0 – 41.1) and 16.8 (95% CI: 3.8 – 74.8) times
higher in overweight and obese subjects respectively. Surprisingly, no significant
association between stress and MetS was found. This finding conflicted with those
studies that supported this association. This conflicting result might be contributed by
self-report bias and tendency of subjects reporting a socially desirable response. This
study showed no significant association between stress and MetS among adult
population in Terengganu. Prospective cohort study is required to identify significant
psychological risk factor of MetS among this population
The effect of serum cortisol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiration rate on exam anxiety among nursing students
No full text
Assessment of TRPV4 ion channel and its role in colorectal cancer cells
No full textThe transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective cation channels that consist of seven subgroups displaying different ion
selectivity, physiological functions and activation mechanisms. TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a member of TRPV family which shows permeability to
both Ca2+ and Na+. It is activated by diverse stimuli including both physical and chemical. TRPV4 is found in various types of tissues such as
kidneys, airway smooth muscle and lungs, where it participates in many cellular processes including mechanosensation, cell volume regulation and
osmoregulation. This study aimed at investigating the potential role of TRPV4 in colorectal cancer cells. Real time RT-PCR was performed to
evaluate TRPV4 mRNA levels in HT-29 and HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells in comparison with the normal colon CCD-18Co cells. The MTT
colorimetric assay was done to assess the effect of a TRPV4 activator GSK1016790A and a TRPV4 inhibitor RN 1734 on the proliferation of human
colorectal cancer cells. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that TRPV4 mRNA levels were higher in the normal colon CCD-18Co cells than HT-29
cells. TRPV4 mRNA was undetected in HCT-116 cells. TRPV4 activation by GSK1016790A increased the viability of HT-29 cells while inhibition of
TRPV4 using RN 1734 reduced the viability of this cell line. These data suggest that TRPV4 is differentially expressed in human colorectal cancer
cells and that pharmacological modulation of TRPV4 exerts differential effects on the proliferation of HT-29 cells. Further functional studies are
required to define the possible mechanisms involved
Developing of micro health takaful of affordable monthly payment for poor community in Malaysia
No full textWhen somebody participates in medical and health takaful, they will contribute a certain sum
of money to a Takaful fund in a form of participative contribution (tabarru‟). The aim of the
study is to propose the micro medical and health Takaful framework for poor or lower income
which is according to expert opinions. According to the method, participants involvement in
the focus group discussion are 10 participants to show a greater potential in discussing but
lead by a moderator who followed the predesigned script and the session was in parallel with
audio or video recording as evidence. The result from the focus group discussion among
expertise which the affordable monthly payment for health microtakaful among poor
community is RM20 for outside patient with the total per family is RM30,000 per year (30X)
is equal to RM0.667 per RM1, 000 unit. Medical treatment can be made in goverment
hospital or private hospital/clinic but the limit expenses is RM30,000. The product can offer 3
packages that the monthly payment for RM5 to RM15 for outside patient per family with
differences range of expenses in the microtakaful for medical and health is the best product
for poor community income, if it can be implemented in Malaysia as soon as possible
