Sultan Zainal Abidin University

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    Chapter 8: Composite Flour as a New Approach to Improve the Nutritional Value of Foods: Product Quality Challenges

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    Composite flour is the blend of wheat flour and non-wheat flour used for making food products. Initially, composite flour was introduced to address the global wheat shortage and the increasing price of wheat, but later, with the ever-changing lifestyles, the use of composite flour has shifted to improve the nutritional and functional values of food. This review highlights the current applied processing methods in producing composite flours and the effects of composite flour on the nutritional value, physicochemical properties, and functional characteristics of food products. This review also focuses on the applications of composite flour obtained from locally available agricultural sources to produce food products; particularly wheat-based products; such as bread, cakes, and biscuits. Various challenges of baked products are discussed; such as the use of composite flour on the quality, i.e., nutritional values, physical, functional, consumer acceptability, and shelf life, of baked products. Many efforts have been employed in recent years to counter the problems of dealing with the processing of composite food products, especially in baked products. This review also discusses the effect of blending wheat flour with composite flour (which is processed from wheat less sources, such as fruits, vegetables, roots, tubers, and legumes) on the pasting profile, thermal profile, dough-mixing properties, and dough-rheological properties. Based on the understanding of the properties of flour blends, food technologists can predict the physical quality of the end products. Overall, through this review, the information from composite flour production until the composite end products could especially be socially and economically beneficial to baking industries in producing the desired end product in terms of quality and nutritio

    Factors of Depression among Adolescents in Secondary School

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    Depression is a phenomenon that has existed and endured among human beings either severe or non severe. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors of depression among adolescents. The factors that are studied are relationship of adolescents and parents, adolescent’s involvement in physical activities and emotional stability of adolescent. This research was conducted involving high school students in Muar, Johor. In this research, researcher used quantitative method that used questionnaire to collect data. The results showed that the relationship between parents and adolescents and involvement in physical activities are at a normal rate, while the finding on the emotional stability of adolescents are abnormal and contribute to depression

    Level of Internet Addiction Among University Students

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    The main purpose of this study is to identify the level of internet addiction among university students. A selfadministered questionnaire which consisted of demographic respondent and Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was employed. A total of 304 University students of Universiti Sultan ZaianlAbidin(UniSZA) have participated in this study. The data was analyzed using descriptive data. Descriptive data were reported as frequency and percentage to show the level internet addiction by UniSZA students. The result shows that the level of internet addiction among students of UniSZA is moderate and tend to be high. The paper concludes by giving suggestions the university should block all social network to enhance student participation in the class to policy makers and gives a future recommendation on the research are

    Analysis Of Nexus Between Foreign Direct Investment, Aids And Economic Growth In Jordan

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    The part played by foreign aid differs from one country to another. Jordan has depended on the foreign aid to sustain its growing programs since independence and the aid continue to be the highest proportion in the foreign capital inflows to Jordan. In the past decade, the fundamental problems associated with the real gross domestic product (GDP) in Jordan are apparent since the foreign aid is highly influenced by macroeconomic shocks that have severely affected the GDP through changes in macroeconomic factors. However, this relationship has not been adequately addressed. The main objectives of this paper is to investigate the influence of foreign direct investment and aids on economic growth in Jordan by employing time series data from 1976 to 2015. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed to examine the relationship between the variables empirically. The findings revealed the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is positive and significantly influencing the economic growth in both short run and long run. Moreover, aid is significant and negatively influencing the economic growth in the short run, while insignificant in the long run. The interaction term of foreign direct investment aids has a negative and significant influence on economic growth in both short run and long run. The results recommended that higher foreign investment may decrease the ability of aids to increase the economic growth. Therefore, policy makers should balance between investment friendly policies such as foreign direct investment that will be attracted into the country for sustainable economic growth

    Teori Hukum Mad Far’i Dari Perspektif Ilmu Qiraat

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    Teori hukum mad far‟i adalah satu kaedah yang dicipta oleh para qurra‟ dalam memastikan kadar pemanjangan sesuatu mad itu tidak terkeluar daripada apa yang telah diputuskan oleh para qurra sebagai bacaan yang mutawatirah. Namun begitu berlaku kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam khususnya di Malaysia tentang kefahaman yang sebenar berkaitan dengan teori hukum mad far‟i. Hal ini demikian kefahaman terhadap teori tersebut hanya bergantung kepada kefahaman riwayat Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi sahaja sedangkan kefahaman yang sebenarnya perlu meliputi keseluruhan ikhtiyar imam yang mutawatirah. Oleh itu kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap kefahaman yang tepat mengenai teori hukum mad far‟i berdasarkan ikhtiyar kesemua imam yang mutawatirah. Ia juga bertujuan memperlihatkan secara umum bahawasanya kefahaman tentang ilmu tajwid itu perlu selari dengan kefahaman ilmu qiraat. Kajian berbentuk diskriptif ini membahaskan pandangan para qurra berkaitan hukum mad far‟i serta kesimpulannya yang menatijahkan teori hukum tersebut. Semua data dianalisis menggunakan metode induktif dan deduktif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kefahaman sebenar tentang teori mad far‟i memerlukan kefahaman yang menyeluruh terhadap ikhtiyar para imam yang mutawatirah terhadap pemanjangan mad far‟i itu sendiri. Jikalau teori ini hanya disandarkan kepada pemanjangan mad far‟i berdasarkan riwayat Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi sahaja, ia akan membantutkan kefahaman yang sebenar tentang ruang lingkup riwayat Hafs bin Sulayman al-Kufi khasnya dan kesemua bacaan al-Qur‟an yang mutawatirah amnya

    Faktor Keagamaan Dan Sikap: Perkaitan Dengan Pencarian Maklumat Produk Makanan Halal Dalam Kalangan Keluarga Islam Di Malaysia

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    Maklumat merupakan satu input kognitif yang diperlukan oleh setiap individu. Umumnya, seseorang mencari maklumat berkaitan aspek kesihatan, teknologi, pertanian dan ilmu lain, namun kajian ini ingin melihat pencarian maklumat berkaitan produk makanan halal. Dalam konteks lambakan dan kecelaruan maklumat produk halal di pasaran, setiap individu Muslim sewajarnya lebih peka dalam setiap tindakan, terutamanya apabila melibatkan aspek makanan halal. Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada faktor yang menentukan aktiviti pencarian maklumat iaitu, faktor keagamaan dan sikap terhadap produk halal. Kajian ini berbentuk kuantitatif dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik sebagai instrumen. Kajian yang dilakukan di Bangi, Selangor ini melibatkan 340 buah keluarga Muslim yang diwakili oleh dua orang ahli keluarga iaitu ibu atau bapa dan anak melalui persampelan bertujuan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keluarga Muslim bersikap positif terhadap produk makanan halal dan prihatin akan setiap isu yang melibatkan produk makanan halal. Bagi faktor keagamaan pula, didapati ibu bapa dan anak-anak memiliki tahap keagamaan yang tinggi berdasarkan aspek yang diukur. Hasil kajian diharap dapat menambah pengetahuan kepada semua lapisan masyarakat Muslim dan menjadi indikator kepada penyelidikan tentang pencarian maklumat produk halal. Dari sudut empirikal, kajian ini diharapkan mengembangkan lagi pencarian maklumat mengenai produk halal secara menyeluruh pada masa akan datang bagi memenuhi tuntutan agama ke atas setiap Muslim

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