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Ontogenetic patterns of microarchitectural modulations in the spleen of the growing and aging rats
No full textSpleen is the largest lymphoid organ involved in cellular and humoral immune response. It becomes structurally and
functionally mature in early life, undertakes dynamic age-dependent modulations and undergoes involution during aging of
the body. In many current immunological research works developmental modifications in the spleen at different ages remain
underestimated, while they may overlap with the changes caused by modelled immunopathology which will result in
misinterpretation of data on the effectiveness of immune response, sensitivity to immunomodulatory treatments, etc. While
age-related thymic involution is described in details, patterns of ontogenetic immunomodulation in spleen at different ages
were hardly updated since last century. The objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive picture of splenic
development at different stages of postnatal development and to assess possible mechanisms of the age-related splenic
involution. Total of 80 Sprague Dawley rats were involved in the study; out of them 54 were used for digital morphometry
being divided into 9 subgroups with 6 rats each: 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days of age. Another 26 animals
were used for qualitative assessment of the splenic microstructure with 2 animals per group of every day of early life,
starting from the 2nd day until the 29th day. Each animal and its spleen were weighed, relative weight of the spleen was
estimated. Histological slides of the paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and
immunohistochemically for markers of the lymphoid and stromal cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD90, S100 protein, OX62), PCNA and caspase-3. Image analysis was used to assess volume density of the immunopositive structures. Our results
demonstrated that developmental changes in the spleen of the growing rats occur faster than it was described in classical
papers on postnatal spleen development over fifty years ago: primitive PALS appear on the 2nd day of life, marginal zone –
on the 8th day, primary lymphoid nodules – on the 18th day, secondary lymphoid nodules – on the 24th day. Lymphoid cells
depletion becomes significant in aging rats, while stromal cells significantly reduce their volume density starting from the
middle age. Among mechanisms of age-related lymphoid and stromal cell depletion are increased apoptotic rate, decreased
proliferative rate and reduced traffic of T-cells in the T-zones of spleen. These data may be used for discrimination of the
developmental and pathological changes in the compartments and zones of the spleen in experiments with modeling of the
lymphoid tumors, evaluation of the efficacy of the immunomodulatory drugs, transplantation and stress-related experiments.
Key words: spleen, age, senescence, involution, immunohistochemistry
Integrated role of social elements toward obesity in Malay community
No full textThe pervasiveness of obesity has been increasing drastically in Malaysia, and proved to
be a serious health issue along with its effect on the economic growth of the country.
Obesity pervasiveness is found to be higher in Malay community as compared to other
ethnics or communities. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of social
elements toward obesity in Malay community. A quantitative (cross-sectional) survey
was conducted by using questionnaire. A total of 150 obese people from Malay
community (age: 20-59 years) were included in the study through purposive sampling.
Body mass index of all participants was measured under given guidelines for Asian
people. Inferential statistics (Spearman Correlation) was used to obtain the objective of
the study. Social elements such as feelings (low self-esteem), body image dissatisfaction,
eating habits, physical activity, physical activity barriers and media influence were
correlated with obesity. However, dieting behavior, health knowledge and religiosity
were found insignificant. This pioneer study has explored the mechanism and role of
social elements toward obesity, and providing a baseline data for future researches. It is
hoped that the state and federal government could take proactive actions against
obesity ratio to secure the health of Malay community, and to decrease financial cost
which will also be beneficial for economic growth of the country
Structural equation modeling (SEM) kesan strategi kepimpinan terhadap kecemerlangan sekolah diperantarakan oleh atribut pengetua berkesan di Selatan Thailand
No full textKajian ini bertujuan untuk untuk menentukan sebuah model yang menunjukkan hubungan strategi kepimpinan SK, terhadap kecemerlangan sekolah KS, dan atribut pengetua berkesan APB, sebagai mediator, menggunakan kaedah structural equation modeling SEM. sebagai hubungan antara model kajian. Kajian tinjauan ini merupakan kajian inferensi dengan menggunakan data-data kuantitatif. Seramai 310 orang sebagai responden daripada pengetua sekolah, meliputi lima wilayah selatan Thailand, dipilih melalui teknik Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). dan penganalisisan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan statistik inferensi program AMOS, Hasil dapatannya; kajian menguji model hubungan structural equation modeling SEM antara faktor. Konstruk atribut pengetua berkesan APB, sebagai mediation antara konstruk strategi kepimpinan SK, terhadap konstruk kecemerlangan sekolah KS, kesan hubungan direct effect, indirect effect, dan total effect didapati model pengaruh hubungan yang positif dan signifikan. Dengan umumnya, implikasi penting terhadap kepimpinan bagi pengetua dalam tindakan amalan operasi yang kecekapan dan keberkesanan untuk kecemerlangan sekolah yang berkualiti
Self-care practice of individuals suffering from diabetes
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a worldwide problem and it is increasing dramatically. It is
considered one of the main leading causes of death around the world. It is highly
associated with morbidity and mortality. However, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is
predicted to rise in the future with increased risk factors that include urbanization,
obesity, and a sedentary life style. This global prevalence of diabetes makes all health
care institutions incompetent with patients’ dayto-day needs. The main focus in treating
diabetes including: healthy diet regimen; taking medication; glucose check monitoring;
solving problems, fluctuation glucose level; minimizing risks; activity tolerance; and
psychosocial adaptation. There are many factors which impact the diabetes self-care
practice and quality of life must be taken into consideration that include: sociodemographics factors, social support, psychosocial adaptation, marital status, availability
of insurance, duration of diabetes, morbidities, family support, foot care, smoking
cessation, cultural and spiritual issues. This paper reviews these factors and shows that
there is a noticeable negative or positive impact on glycemic control for diabetic patients.
It recommended for more attention to be given and to schedule a holistic regimen for
treating diabetes practices mellitus
Fiqh Muamalat Islam: Hukum Dalam Sistem Jual Beli Atas Talian (E-Dagang) Dari Sudut Pandangan Fuqaha [Islamic Muamalat Of Fiqh: Legal System In Selling Online (E-Commerce) From The Fuqaha Islamic View]
No full textPenggunaan internet merupakan alternatif baru dalam urusan perniagaan (e-dagang) pada hari ini dan
penggunaannya sangat efisien kerana penjual tidak memerlukan ruang yang tertentu, serta tidak
terikat dengan masa. Pembeli juga dapat menjimatkan masa, malah boleh membuat pembelian tanpa
mengira masa dan tempat. E-dagang dapat menginterpretasikan jual beli dalam bentuk pasaran yang
lebih moden dan kompleks. Namun, bagaimana pula e-dagang menurut kaca mata Islam dan syarak,
rukun serta isu ketika menjalankan transaksi online. Justeru, artikel ini membincangkan kajian
terdahulu mengenai isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan e-dagang dan transaksi atas talian bagi memastikan
ia bertepatan dengan kehendak syarak. Artikel ini merupakan kajian kualitatif deskriptif berdasarkan
penelitian terhadap kajian-kajian lepas. Berdasarkan perbincangan terhadap kajian lepas, e-commerce
diharuskan (mubah) dan diharap dapat meningkatkan keyakinan masyarakat yang beragama Islam
terhadap e-dagang serta mempertingkatkan lagi perkembangan aktiviti muamalah di Malaysia
Pembentukan jatidiri insan melalui kisah Nabi Yusuf di dalam al-Quran
No full textYusuf ‘alaihissalam, seorang nabi yang dikurniakan kelebihan dari segi paras rupa mengundang kisah
yang panjang disebut di dalam al-Quran, bahkan diabadikan sebagai nama surah yang mengandungi
seratus sebelas ayat. Bukanlah suatu kisah yang biasa sekiranya disebut oleh Allah Taala melainkan
terdapat pelbagai iktibar yang terselit di dalamnya. Bermula dari kisah beliau bersama keluarga,
dibuang ke dalam hutan, berhadapan dengan fitnah wanita-wanita di sekelilingnya sehingga dilantik
menjadi penguasa, al-Quran tidak putus-putus menterjemahkan kehidupan suka-duka beliau sematamata untuk menjelaskan kepada umat bahawa kisah ini sangat penting untuk dijadikan sebagai teladan
apatah lagi ketika mengharungi dunia akhir zaman ini. Bertepatan lah dengan pembangunan modal
insan yang cuba diterapkan di dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran di Malaysia ini, Nabi Yusuf
menonjolkan keperibadian yang unggul dan menjadi satu role-model kepada umat terutamanya
kepada remaja dan pemimpin-pemimpin lelaki di dalam masyarakat, dan kepada seluruh umat secara
amnya. Oleh yang demikian, melalui kajian perpustakaan, artikel ini mengupas pembentukan jati diri menerusi kisah Nabi Yusuf dengan menelusuri kitab-kitab tafsir yang membahaskan berkenaan kisah
tersebut dan mengambil kira isu-isu masyarakat masa kini untuk dikaitkan agar perbincangan menjadi
satu sumbangan dalam merawat kebejatan sosial yang sedang dihadapi oleh masyarakat masa kini
Design of energy efficient control unit and implementation on high performance FPGA
No full textWith the crisis of power across the globe, green
communication and power-efficient devices are getting more and
more attention. This work emphasis about the implementation of
Control Unit (CU) circuit on FPGA kit. In this project, power
consumption of CU circuit is analyzed by changing the different
Input/Output (I/O) standards of FPGA. This project is
implemented on Xilinx 14.1 tool and the power consumption on
CU is calculated with X Power Analyzer tool on 28-Nano-Meter
(nm) Artix-7 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Out of
different I/O standards, CU circuit is most power efficient with
LVCMOS I/O standard on Artix-7 FPGA
The dilalectic of Shura (consultation) and democracy in the contemporary Islamic thought
No full textThe contemporary argument which is raised about the right of Shura (consultation) or
democracy and the tying of the concept of democracy with the principle of Shura (consultation)
in the contemporary Islamic thought is resulting from lack of accurate knowledge of the truth
about Islamic history and its experiences which have a unique model. It is also resulting from
not taking the responsibility in carrying the burdens of the correct concepts of Da’wa (call to
Islam) which are considered one of the problems which face the contemporary challenges of
renewal. This prompted the researcher to discuss this topic through answering the following
main question: What is the extent of agreement and disagreement between the concept of
Shura (consultation 0 and democracy from the point of view of Islamic thought. The study aims
to understand the nature of the relationship between Shura (consultation) and democracy in the
contemporary Islamic thought, to clarify the varying directions in its position vi-a-vis democracy
and Shura (consultation) and to indicate the state of agreement and disagreement in the
opinions on the concept of democracy and Shura (consultation). The researcher in her study
employed the descriptive analytical methodology to understand all the opinions and to deal with
the topic from all of its aspects. The most important conclusion of the study is that Shura
(consultation) is ohe of the components of ruling in Islam. For Islam does not know ruling which
is based on tyranny. Shura (consultation) in Islam is a general theory which is valid for every
time and place. By a scrutinizing look, we notice the volume of change brought about by the
Shari’a (Islamic religious law) on the system of ruling. For the authority of the ruler was an
absolute authority until Islam made the interest of the community the basis of the relationship
between the rulers and the ruled and not a power for the rulers. It was evident through the study
that there are three varying directions. Some opinions attacked contemporary democracy and
considered that Islam should not be mixed up with democracy, and we cannot cal Islam as
being a democratic system. Other opinions highlighted the term of the democracy of Islam vis-àvis the contemporary democracy and not heeding whether Islam agrees or disagrees with
democracy. The third direction worked on highlighting the theory of Shura (consultation) in Islam
vis-à-vis the contemporary democracy, and they said that the principle of Shura (consultation) is
deeper than the concepts of contemporary democracy
Analysis on KH. Fahmi Basya's thought of Islamic mathematics
No full textThis article aims to explore the thoughts regarding Islamic Mathematics according to an Indonesian scholar named KH. Fahmi Basya. At the present, Islamic Mathematics is offered as one of the subjects at Islamic State University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta since year 2002. This study is qualitative applying content analysis method and interviews. Data obtained from primary sources which three main works produced by this scholar namely Matematika Islam 1, Matematika Islam 2 dan Matematika Islam 3 as well as his other works. In addition, three key informants were interviewed who were KH. Fahmi Basya, his personal manager and one expert in Islamic Mathematics. Fahmi began doing research related to the Holy Qur'an since 1972 and summarized his intellectual discoveries and findings under the discipline of Islamic mathematics in 1982. He has a strong educational background in the field of mathematics as well as deep understanding and love in the Holy Qur'an. So that, he is very concerned and creative in conducting research on the miracles of the Qur'an through mathematical approach. It is found that his writings were full of ideas relating to the phenomenon of numbers in Islam. He also highlighted the significance of learning Islamic mathematics to increase faith and confidence of a Muslim in religion and life. His thoughts regarding Islamic Mathematics are consistent with the principles of the Holy Quran and the teachings of the Prophet. The integration of mathematical concepts with Islamic worldview is essential as a holistic approach to Muslim’s life in particular as well as human development and civilizational excellence in general
Drama, history, and postcolonial résistance in Northern Nigeria: A review of Ahmed Yerima’s Attahiru
No full textThe relationship between history proper and African historical plays drew much attention of
researchers in recent years. Many theatre scholars and playwrights argue that the value of these
plays, which were primarily regarded as fiction or imaginative reconstruction of the past, may
prevail over history. Theatre, which is considered the most symbolic form of art, can be historically
educative and evocatively accurate. Based on the aforesaid arguments, this study aims to explore
the dramaturgicals, theatricals or thespians used in Yerima's Attahiru (1999) in order to repudiate
and resist the distorted versions of the colonial history of Sokoto Caliphate in an effective and
affective way. To achieve this aim, textual analysis is used by combining its important approaches:
author-oriented approach and context-oriented approach. This analysis is significant because the
researchers investigated the colonial resistance captured in the play through postcolonial theory.
In addition, this paper explores the attitudes of the colonialist and the colonised reproduced in the
play and how the play helps in the decolonisation process, as well as how the images of the
damaged heroes are reconstructed in the play in order to restore national pride and integrity. The
play reconstructs and corrects a seriously damaged and awfully misrepresented African spiritual
leader, Caliph Attahiru of the old Sokoto Caliphate in Northern Nigeria