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Perspectives on the learning and teaching of spelling
No full textEnglish Language Teaching, in the past, has given very little emphasis on spelling and the
teaching and research of it. This paper starts by providing a background on the teaching of
spelling. A brief history of the developments in the teaching of spelling from the 1930s to
1940s is followed by an illustration on why there are important issues on spelling that need to
be addressed from within the Arab context. An overview of research done on Arab learners
spelling is discussed. The main part of this review which discusses the impact of the ideas of
Piaget and Vygotsky on; i) learning, in general; and ii) the teaching and learning of spelling
are presented. This is then followed by a critical appraisal of recent research done on the
teaching of spelling where the influences of constructivism in the teaching of it are evident.
The article concludes with implications of these constructivist movements in the teaching of
spelling on learners
Prevalence, risk factors and primary prevention of osteoarthritis in Asia: A scoping review
No full textIntroduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is estimated to be the eleventh leading cause of disability
worldwide. In Asian countries, OA is much less well-known than in the caucasian
population and strongly associated with aging. Therefore, this article focuses
comprehensively on the prevalence, risk factors and primary prevention for OA identified in
Asian countries.
Methods: This scoping review used the methodological framework by Arksey and
O'Malley (2005). Pertaining to this topic, a comprehensive search on academic journals
published from 2008 to 2018 (English) was conducted.
Results: A total of 30 studies were selected in this review from 221,510 studies screened
from electronic databases. The overall prevalence of OA is in a range of 20.5% to 68.0%.
Most of the Asian populations reported to have knee OA in a range of 13.1% to 71.1% in
various Asian countries. Risk factors that have been associated with OA are advanced age,
being the female and obesity. Osteoporosis, higher body mass density, low level of
education, family history of OA, smoking and environmental factors appeared as significant
risk factors for OA. A strategic method of primary prevention for OA through lifestyle
modification is reducing obesity and treating concomitant cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion: Determining OA prevalence and risk factors will provide important
information for planning future cost-effective preventive strategies
Effect of Trigona honey on Escherichia coli cell culture growth: In vitro study
No full textAim: This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Trigona honey against
Escherichia coli.
Methods: The antibacterial activity of honey was examined by agar well diffusion
assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration
(MBC), and time-kill curve assay. Bacterial strains were cultivated in microtiter plates
with varying concentrations of honey (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% w/v) for specific
incubation time (24, 48, and 72 hours) at 37o
C.
Results: Agar well diffusion assay showed that Trigona honey had the highest
antibacterial activity against E. coli with 18.2 ± 0.6 mm. The MIC value against E. coli was
10% (w/v) and MBC was 30% (w/v). In time-kill curve, Trigona honey has inhibited E. coli
in a 4 log10 at 18 hours, and total viable counts were killed after 24 hours. It was found
that even ≥30% Trigona honey dilution interfered significantly with E. coli cell culture
growth. Moreover, it was found that a difference of more than 10% honey concentration
between the treatments was considered significant to produce inhibitory effects. This
study has shown that Trigona honey has significant inhibitory effects on E. coli growth in
vitro. Trigona honey may be used as an alternative to antibiotics in controlling infections
caused by E. coli. However, further investigation is required to strengthen this argument
تعليم اللغة العربية لأغراض خاصة وموقف التراث منه
No full textيعبر تعليم العربية لأغراض خاصة عن حب كبير تجاه العربية، وإرادة علمية وعملية في رفعة شأنها، والإفادة من جهود الدرس اللغوي الحديث، واللحاق بل والمنافسة في تحقيق النجاح في جعل العربية في متناول محبيها، ونحن الآن أحوج ما نكون إلى منهج تعليمي يقفز باللغة العربية في عالم التربية، يخلصها من هذه الصعوبة التي ينفر منها غير أبنائها. ومما يلاحظ أن تعليم العربية لأغراض خاصة تأثرت بما عليه طرق تعليم اللغات الأوربية؛ فهو تعليم وليد نحن فيه مقلدون لا مجددون؛ وهو ينطلق في الأساس من التسليم بنجاح الجهود الغربية في مجال تعليم اللغات لأغراض خاصة، والمضي قدما لاتخاذ هذا المنهج الحديث الذي حقق نتائج واقعية جديرة بالأخذ، والنفع. ومن هنا جاءت فكرة هذا البحث في إمكانية النظر إلى التراث القديم للبحث عن شيء يعضد شرعية تعليم اللغة العربية لأغراض خاصة؛ وعليه انبثق محوران يدور البحث حولهما: أولهما بيان موقف التراث القديم من قضايا تعليم العربية لأغراض خاصة، والآخر: إمكانية الاقتداء بالمنهج الغربي الحديث، والاعتداد بإسهاماته المباشرة في تعليمه العربية في بلاده، ومن ثم فعلينا أن نطبق هذا النجاح في بلاد العربية نفسها
Integrating farmers’ rights to equitable benefit sharing into the Malaysian plant variety law: Learning from others
No full textThe International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
(FAO Treaty 2004), articulated four core rights under the Farmers’ Rights conceptnamely the right to traditional farming knowledge, the right to seed, the right to
equitable benefit sharing and the right to participate in decision making process.
Article 9.2 (b) of FAO Treaty 2004 stipulates that farmers should be given equal
opportunity to equitably participate in sharing benefits from the use of plant genetic
resources for food and agriculture. The right to equitable benefit sharing legally
justifies among others, the rights of small holder farmers who have been breeding
seeds for generations to receive benefits; either monetary or non-monetary from
any commercialization of the seeds that have been developed by them.This paper
investigates to what extent the existing legal provisions of plant variety law in
Malaysia has integrated this right to equitable benefit sharing to small farmers as
compared to similar legislations in India and under African Union (AU Model Law
for the Protection of the Rights of Local Communities, Farmers and Breeders, and
for the Regulation of Access to Biological Resources). These two legal framework
aimed to protect their small farming communities are cited as legislations with the
best practices on implementing Farmers’ Rights core rights. The aim is for Malaysia
to learn from these countries in order to ensure legal protection for small farmers’
right to equitable benefit sharing of their plant genetic resources. The research is a
doctrinal research of comparative legal provisions
Pengesahan instrumen kematangan emosi pelajar bermasalah disiplin: Satu analisis penerokaan faktor (EFA) [Instrument validation of emotional maturity among disciplinary students: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)]
No full textThis study aims to review the emotional maturity instruments of discipline students at
school. A total of 100 students were involved as respondents in this study. This scale
measures a list of five broad factors of Emotional Immaturity: Emotional Unstability,
Emotional regression, social maladjustment, personality disintegration and lack of
independence. Emotional Maturity Scale was developed by Singh and Bhargava. The
data were analyzed descriptively by using Alpha Cronbach reliability and EFA analysis
using SPSS software. The results of the analysis showed that Alpha Cronbach value
obtained was good ie exceeding 0.60. Results from the exploration factor analysis
show five factors with Eigen values greater than 1.0. The KMO value (Kaiser-MeyerOlkin) 0.667> 0.6 indicates the items in sufficient emotional maturity variables for intercorrelation. While the Bartlett Test was significant (Chi Square 135.695, p <0.05), the
value of the anti-image value (Measure of Sampling Adequancy, MSA) for item
correlation exceeds 0.6. However, there are some items that need to be removed
because the value obtained is less than 0.60 B2, B8, B9, B12, B14, B21, B28, B29,
B30 and B43. The total value variance explained by these five factors is 66,196. The
overall findings show that items for emotional maturity instruments can measure and
answer research objective
Management accounting practices in many countries around the world: A review of the literature
No full textPreface: Throughout the last decade and a half, management accounting practices (MAPs) studies have
garnered increasing attention from researchers and professionals in accounting across several countries,
particularly those that are in the process of transitioning. This may be attributed to many reasons, among the
top of which is the increase in the domestic and foreign markets competitiveness, globalization effects, declines
in profit margins and increase in the inputs owing to the energy and economic crisis.
Purpose: This paper attempts to review studies dedicated to management accounting practices (MAPs) in
several countries.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was gathered from prior literature and tabulated, based on title, year
and country context of the study and the sample size as well as the publication journal.
Findings: The findings showed that researchers have been extensively dedicating their efforts to examining
accounting management practices in various sectors, particularly in manufacturing. In the Malaysian context,
five relevant studies were conducted, one in 2011, and two each in 2015 and 2017.
Value: This study is expected to contribute to the gap in MAPs studies in several countries and provide an
invaluable framework for future studies to adopt
The influence of big five personality on job satisfaction: Maslow and Maqasid al sharia perspective
No full textThe study aims to investigate the impact of Big Five personality traits on job satisfaction. A theoretical model
concerning the connection between five facets of personality (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness,
extraversion, agreeableness and emotional stability) and job satisfaction are explored. The study employed a
multiple regression analysis of a survey data set of 397 observations collected from the employees of
Malaysian Islamic banking institutions. The results show that the dimension of conscientiousness is the only
significant predictor to job satisfaction. The management should place greater emphasis on the influences
that foster job satisfaction in terms of resource provision. The management is recommended to hire and
retain employees with high conscientiousness since such a trait produces job satisfaction in light of
conventional and Islamic perceptions. Intermingled between conventional and Islamic motivating ideas, the
society is urged to understand the idea of holistic happiness at workplace. This study is the first in examining
the influence of the Big Five personality and job satisfaction by considering the unique hybrid of the
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Maqasid al Sharia
Penambahbaikan rancangan al-arabiyyah fi al-radio melalui penggunaan live video dalam facebook
No full textPemanfaatan teknologi dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Arab merupakan satu
keperluan sejajar dengan kemajuan masa kini. Rancangan Al-Arabiyyah Fi Al-Radio merupakan satu
medium pembelajaran bahasa Arab melalui radio untuk orang awam. Makalah ini membincangkan
proses penambahbaikan yang telah dilakukan dalam rancangan Al-Arabiyyah Fi Al-Radio dengan
pemanfaatan media sosial Facebook®
. Realitinya, perkembangan Facebook®
telah mewujudkan
fenomena yang tersendiri di seluruh pelosok dunia. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian lepas, beberapa
respons pendengar telah diambil kira untuk tujuan penambahbaikan rancangan. Makalah ini
menyenaraikan beberapa penambahbaikan yang dilakukan khususnya menerusi kemudahan Live Video
dalam Facebook®
. Kesimpulannya, penambahbaikan rancangan Al-Arabiyyah Fi Al-Radio dapat
dilakukan mengikut saranan pendengar dengan memanfaatkan kemudahan yang disediakan dalam
Facebook®
. Oleh itu, diharapkan rancangan ini dapat terus memberi manfaat kepada para pendengar
setelah usaha penambahbaikan dilakukan selaras dengan respons pendengar
Chocolate spread emulsion: Effects of varying oil types on physico-chemical properties, sensory qualities and storage stability
No full textChocolate spread emulsion is an alternative product to the conventional dry-based chocolate spreads. The main
objective of this study was to evaluate the use of three potential oils; palm olein, olive oil and corn oil, in the
production of chocolate spread emulsions. The palm olein chocolate spread was the easiest to spread compared
to the olive oil and corn oil chocolate spread emulsions. The melting point of the commercial spread was higher
than the emulsion samples, but the sensory scores of the samples were comparable to the commercial spread.
The proximate analyses of the samples with different oil types gave no significant difference in the values of
moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate. Further study on the storage stability of all samples for 28
days at 28 and 10 °C revealed that the firmness of the spread emulsions generally decreased by week, while the
water activity (aw) values decreased during the storage at 28 °C and increased at 10 °C. There was no oil
separation and microbial growth observed on the chocolate spread samples throughout the storage period at
both temperatures