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Application of PCR-RFLP Technique in the Analysis of MYO1H Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Malay Mandibular Prognathism Patients
No full textGenetic studies have reported the association between polymorphism in MYO1H with mandibular
prognathism. MYO1H is found in skeletal muscle sarcomeres and is expressed in the mandibular jaw
cartilage signifying its importance during craniofacial development. This study aimed to characterise
the genotype and allele of MYO1H single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3825393) and to
associate the SNP with mandibular prognathism in Class III skeletal malocclusion. This was a casecontrol study, which involved 57 Malay subjects with 30 Class I (control) and 27 Class III skeletal
base patients (case). Cephalometric measurements were taken prior to collection of saliva samples.
MYO1H SNP (rs3825383) was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length
polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Chi-square (χ2
) test was used to compare genotype and allele frequencies
between the groups while Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) was applied to assess distribution of
genotype frequency in both classes. MYO1H SNP (rs3825393) did not yield significant association
with mandibular prognathism with p = 0.33; OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.289~1.518, that was reflected
by no significant difference in allele (p > 0.05) and genotype (p > 0.05) frequency between control and
study group. Nevertheless, AA genotype depicted the highest frequency in both groups. The genotype
distribution in both groups was in concordance with HWE (p > 0.05). Our data showed no association
of MYO1H SNP (rs3825393) with mandibular prognathism. Interestingly, we observed Allele A
representing the major allele in Malay population. Presence of MYO1H SNP (rs3825393) was detected
in samples analysed. Larger number of samples is required to confirm the involvement of MYO1H
polymorphisms in mandibular prognathism
PENGENDALIAN DOKUMENTASI ANAK SUSUAN DALAM KALANGAN IBU SUSUAN (HANDLING OF BREASTFEEDING DOCUMENTATION AMONG BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS)
Get PDFDokumentasi anak susuan merupakan mekanisma yang perlu diwujudkan pada masa kini. Bayi
yang disusui oleh wanita lain dengan memenuhi syarat penyusuan memberi kesan hukum syarak
dalam isu munakahat dan ibadat. Penyaksian dan pengakuan merupakan instrumen yang
diperkenalkan syarak bagi tujuan pembuktian penyusuan anak susuan. Kontemporari ini, berlaku
isu pengambilan susu ibu secara ekspres dan penjualan air susu ibu secara komersial oleh pihak
tertentu semakin meningkat. Didapati pengendalian kepada amalan ini belum dipantau oleh pihak
berkuasa secara rasmi. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui amalan dokumentasi
penyusuan anak susuan dalam kalangan penjaga dan ibu susuan. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah
analisis dokumen terhadap kitab-kitab fiqh bagi melihat pandangan ulama terhadap penyusuan dan temubual telah dijalankan kepada ibu susuan serta penjaga anak susuan. Kajian mendapati
berlaku kepelbagaian cara dokumentasi anak susuan. Justeru, bagi proses pendokumentasian anak
susuan ekoran amalan pengambilan anak susuan yang berlaku pada masa kini, pengurusan
dokumentasi anak susuan secara rasmi perlu dilaksanakan
Feed formulation in chicky crunch production
No full textIt is essential to provide chickens with feeds that can contribute to their optimum health to bread a healthy
chicken. However, some of the commercial chicken feeds available in the market have issue with their
Halal status. The ingredients might contain enzymes that originated from the swine’s stomach. Besides
that, harmful chemicals such as roxarsone are added as the food additives because the feed’s formulation
lacks in nutrients. These two issues are the major concerns in the commercial chicken feeds. Thus, a new
formulation of chicken feed, “Chicky Crunch” is introduced to overcome problems in the commercial
chicken feed. The main ingredients in Chicken Crunch are made up from the waste materials such as
palm kernel cake, rice bran, eggshell and bitter bean weed. Palm kernel cake is a good source for protein
while rice bran and eggshell are the source for the carbohydrate and calcium, respectively. Apart from
that, nutrients from bitter bean weed offer a good immunisation boost for the chicken. Hence, these
ingredients will nourish the chicken with all the diets needed. The process of making the Chicky Crunch
involves the blending of all the materials, kneading the blended materials and drying under the sun. The
chicken feed was then tested to a group of chicks to see their growth’s effect. The well-fed chicks grew
healthier after a few weeks. In conclusion, this new feed formulation brings a solution in creating an
alternative chicken feed that is free from harmful chemicals, rich with indispensable nutrients and most
importantly contains Halal materials
Using rich picture to understand the issues and challenges in e-learning environment: a case study of students in higher education institution
No full textOptimal reinsurance and investment problem under fractional power utility function
No full textThis paper discusses the optimal problem of reinsurance and investment for insurance companies with a fractional
power utility function. Insurance companies can buy reinsurance contracts and invest their wealth in risk-free or riskfree financial securities. It is assumed that the insurance company surplus process is estimated using Brownian motion.
The aim of the insurance company is to seek optimal reinsurance and investment strategies by maximizing expected
utility expectations from the final wealth. The explicit form for the optimal strategy is determined by the stochastic
optimal control theory approach, which uses the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations
Fabrication of planar microcoils for LC-MEMS pressure sensor
No full textThis paper addresses the design and fabrication of a small scale planar microcoil for LC-MEMS pressure sensor application. A simple process flow based on MEMS fabrication is presented and the key aspects of the processing are discussed. The fabricated microcoils were characterized both morphologically and electrically. The characterizations performed on the fabricated microcoils showed that the aluminum traces from end to end contact displayed good connection with high conductivity. The inductance, resistance and quality factor (Q-factor) value of microcoils were measured at 2.49 uH, 58.4 U and 0.27, respectively at a 1 MHz operating frequency. The square planar microcoil was successfully fabricated and is applicable for future LC-MEMS pressure sensor application
A specific non-coding RNA in extracellular vesicles from induced neuronal cells and epigenetic regulation of neurotransmission
No full textIntroduction: Our late-breaking finding is the identi- fication of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in
extracellular vesicles (EVs) from neuronal cells that is a natural antisense transcript for the DBH
gene and associated with epigenetic changes and gene silencing. DNA methylation in neurons is
involved in memory and neurological disorders (Science 2018 361 (6409)). Earlier work found
that during chronic brain infection with Toxoplasma gondii induced a decrease in norepinephrine levels and expression of the host DBH gene; and the decrease is correlated with
behaviours linked to noradrenergic signalling (Infect Immun. 2019 87(2); Infect Immun. 2016
84(2861)). DBH catalyzes the pro- duction of norepinephrine from dopamine in noradre- nergic
neurons. We found that EVs from infected cultures suppress transcription of the DBH gene and
hypermethylation of the gene in noradrenergic cells in vitro. In this study, we identify a ncRNA
in the EVs from infected neuronal cells
SARS-CoV-2 bukan buatan makmal: Transmisi, filogenetik dan penghasilan vaksin
No full textSARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) adalah coronavirus jenis ketujuh
yang menyebabkan penyakit dikenali sebagai COVID-19 yang menyerang saluran pernafasan
manusia. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV dan SARS-CoV-2 boleh menyebabkan jangkitan yang teruk,
manakala HKU1, NL63, OC43 dan 229E pula menyebabkan jangkitan dengan gejala yang ringan.
SARS-CoV-2 bukanlah hasil buatan makmal atau virus yang dimanipulasi dengan sengaja jika
dilihat dari segi asal usul melalui analisis perbandingan data genomnya. Melalui perbandingan di
antara alpha dan beta coronavirus, dua ciri genomik SARS-CoV-2 telah dikenalpasti iaitu
berdasarkan kajian struktur dan ujian biokimia. Didapati bahawa SARS-CoV-2 menjangkiti
manusia dengan mengikat kepada reseptor ACE2 manusia. Analisis filogenetik ke atas jujukan
RNA virus ini menunjukkan persamaan dengan coronavirus isolasi daripada spesis kelawar
RaTG13 (96.3%), SARS-like CoV ZXC21 (89%) dan SARS-CoV (82%) yang mengukuhkan
dakwaan ia merupakan penyakit zoonotik yang ditularkan daripada haiwan kepada manusia yang
seterusnya turut menular sesama manusia. Coronavirus diketahui pantas bermutasi bagi
beradaptasi dengan pelbagai situasi epidemiologi di dalam sistem perumah. Virus ini dilaporkan
lebih cenderung menjangkiti populasi Asia berbanding populasi lain, golongan tua berbanding
golongan muda dan golongan dengan keimunan tertindas berbanding golongan yang sihat.
Namun, peningkatan penularan jangkitan terkini hampir kepada semua peringkat umur dan kaum,
mencadangkan virus ini mungkin telah bermutasi untuk beradaptasi dengan status imuniti dan
persekitaran perumah. Sejajar itu, kajian ke atas 160 jujukan genom telah mengklasifikasikan
SARS-CoV-2 kepada tiga jenis iaitu jenis A, B dan C berdasarkan mutasi kumpulan amino asid.
Isolasi virus dan kajian evolusi memainkan peranan penting dalam penghasilan vaksin terapeutik
dan spesifik ubat antivirus. Penghasilan sesuatu vaksin bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah. Beberapa
fasa diperlukan dalam meluluskan sesuatu vaksin. Ia dimulakan dengan kajian dalam haiwan
atau kajian in vivo sebelum kajian dalam manusia yang memerlukan persetujuan pesakit dan
perlu mematuhi etika penyelidikan melibatkan manusia. Kajian dalam manusia pula melibatkan
fasa I-IV. Justeru, pencirian lengkap virus memudahkan penghasilan vaksin