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Pengalaman Malaysia terhadap pendekatan kuasa dalam proses rundingan Protokol Montreal ke arah pembangunan mapan
No full textMalaysia has been recognised by the international community as one of dedicated countries in
conservation of global environment, which include issues on depleting global ozone layer. Meanwhile,
Montreal Protocol is one of the successful international environmental law. Montreal Protocol managed
to seek international environmental cooperation among almost all of the states in the world. All of these
states have already agreed to ratify the Montreal Protocol. The Montreal Protocol has been enacted for
the protection of the ozone layer by taking precautionary measures to control world emissions of
substances that deplete the ozone layer. Some of the international environmental law scholars suggested
that power approach might influence in the negotiations of creating international environmental law.
Moreover the existence of the superiority power in economy, military, technology and science would lead
for hegemony. This hegemony most likely would build up more cooperation among states and
subsequently influence in the negotiations of creating MEAs, which include the Montreal Protocol.
Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to explain the influence of power approach in the
international environmental law on regards of the Montreal Protocol’s negotiations and the relations of
the interstates participation response focusing on Malaysia’s experinces. Meanwhile, this study uses a
qualitative approach, which is based on interviews among Malaysian representatives in the negotiation
processes of the Montreal Protocol. Finally, the results potentially provide with better understanding of
the influence of power approach in the international environmental la
Kawalan pencemaran sungai dalam melindungi ekologi dan habitat manusia: tinjauan perundangan di Malaysia
No full textThe introduction of rubber by the colonial in 1889 and the industrial revolution which involved tin mining had initiated river pollution phenomena that caused interference to human habitat and ecology in Malaysia. In recent years, more and more rivers have been seriously polluted due to rapid urbanisation process and development of industry and infrastructure. Consequently, environmental management through legislative measure was introduced in order to control river pollution and safeguard human habitat and ecology in Malaysia. Nevertheless, the performance of the environmental management efforts through the use of legislation is still found wanting as there are still a number of rivers that are badly polluted and threaten human habitat and ecology. Therefore, this article presents an overview of the relevant legislation in Malaysia to control river pollution in order to safeguard human habitat and ecology and their administration by relevant government agencie
Perception of construction professionals to the performance of Nigerian quantity surveyors
No full textThe dynamism of the construction industry throughout the world call for no other skill of a
professional quantity surveyor than the need for stringent cost control and effective cost
management in providing value for money for construction clients. The aim of this
research work is to examine the performance of Nigerian quantity surveyors with a view
to ascertaining areas that need improvement. Primary data were collected via wellstructured
close-ended questionnaire using the areas of competencies of quantity
surveyors as identified by RICS. Percentile, mean internal score and Cronbach’s alpha
test were employed in the analysis and testing of the hypotheses generated. The study
revealed that Nigerian quantity surveyors are performing above average in all the
identified areas of competencies of quantity surveyors from the perception of all the
considered construction professionals. The study finally recommended a need for
personal improvement by quantity surveyors in Nigeria – especially the older ones- in
order to keep them abreast with the current trend in the construction industry
Effective maintenance policy as a tool for sustaining housing stock in downturn economy
No full textThe study considered how effective maintenance strategies could serve as a tool for
sustaining housing delivery in periods of economic recession. It identified the causes of
neglect of maintenance responsibilities in some selected government institutions,
ministries, parastatals and public estates within Lagos metropolis and to develop
adequate maintenance implementation strategies for these buildings. In achieving these
objectives, opinions of (30) randomly sampled maintenance officers of selected
government institutions, ministries, parastatals, and occupiers of selected public estates
were collected using structured questionnaires and personal interviews. Data analysis
indicated that lack of discernible maintenance culture in the country; lack of emphasis on
training, retraining and continuing education on effective maintenance by establishment
are the major reasons for neglect of maintenance responsibilities. The study also
revealed that majority of the population studied provides budgets for maintenance
operation but this was found to be inadequate. The study recommended proactive
approaches to maintenance by providing guidelines for maintenance checklist operations
on key building elements, frequencies for maintenance operations, and operatives
required for effective implementation
Employees feedback on office workspace configuration in Public Higher Learning Institution
No full textSpace planning is an integral part because without proper planning, a good workspace
configuration could not be achieved. Models and concepts that were reviewed could be
an essential guide in planning process. Attention should be put on the core elements as
the workspace is design for a purpose. If the design fails and the users were not satisfied,
then the configuration could be considered fail as a whole where it cannot help the
organizations reach their goals and objectives. Therefore, a thorough understanding of
the planning process will be very useful to achieve the ideal workspace configuration.
This research aims to study and analyze workspace configuration that has been
implemented in offices on public higher learning institution in Malaysia. Based on the
observation and the data gathered, the workers comfort and satisfaction level are very
important as these two aspects would result in the overall productivity of the organization.
The workspace in offices should be reconfigured according to the people, location, design
and worker’s work style. These factors play an important role in shaping a good working
environment with a proper workspace configuration. Questionnaires were distributed to
each case study and feedbacks from the respondents were gathered. The questions
enquired on their perception and the satisfactory level on their current workstation. Case
studies will provide essential background information reflecting the office workspace
configuration in today’s offices. This study believes to be valuable in identifying the
criteria and key factors affecting the satisfaction level of the workers. Analysing data will
provide the first indication of how well the space configuration practice is performing and
helped pin point problem areas within office workspace. It is anticipated that this study
would contribute to the development of a better office workspace by improving quality and
value of workspace configuration of public higher learning institution in Malaysia
Comparison of the effects of α-Tocopherol and γ-Tocotrienol against oxidative stress in two different neuronal cultures
Get PDFTocopherols and tocotrienols have been shown in previous studies to protect neurons from oxidative injuries, especially from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) induced oxidative stress. In this study, we compared two vitamin E isomers, γ-tocotrienol (GTT) and α-tocopherol (ATF) in their neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in primary rat cortical neurons and human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Cytotoxicity screening of H2O2, GTT and ATF was done to determine the IC50 levels. To screen for neuroprotective effects, cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cell cultures were pre-incubated with GTT or ATF, respectively at different concentrations for 1 hour before concurrent treatment of H2O2 at IC50. Results of these treatments were compared to cells treated with H2O2 only and control cells. Cytotoxicology screening showed that IC50 of H2O2 for cortical neuron is at 50 μM while SH-SY5Y have higher IC50 of 100 μM. GTT is cytotoxic to cortical neurons at ≥50 μM and SH-SY5Y at ≥100 μM while ATF did not show any toxicity within the range of concentration tested (1-750 μM). Results from neuroprotection screening showed that GTT and ATF were able to protect both cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y from H2O2-induced oxidative stress at concetration of ≤10 μM. Cellular uptake of GTT is higher in both cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y as compared to ATF when both cortical neuron and SH-SY5Y were incubated with 10 μM GTT or ATF, respectively for 24 hour. Although primary rat cortical neurons and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y were different culture system, the effects of GTT and ATF are similar in both H2O2 –induced culture which strongly suggest that both GTT and ATF act as free radical scavenger to exert their neuroprotective effects
Kelestarian Langkawi Geopark: penglibatan komuniti Kuala Teriang, Langkawi.
No full textIn June 2007, Langkawi was conferred the Geopark status by United Nations Educational, Sientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO). Langkawi Geopark is the only geopark in Southeast Asia and the 52nd geopark around the world. ‘Geopark’ can be regarded as a new brandname given to Langkawi, that could be used to promote Langkawi to the tourists and the world in general. Generally, any area can be recognised as a geopark, but on condition that the area possesses several geoheritage characteristics and significant geological landscapes. Another important component of geopark is the local community participation. This is so because members of the community will contribute towards ensuring sustainability of geopark through its conservation and ecotourism activities. This research is about community participation as an important component of Langkawi Geopark. This research conducted in Kampung
Kuala Teriang, Langkawi was generally to identify the participation of Kuala Teriang community in ensuring the
success and subsequently the sustainability of Langkawi Geopark. Survey method was employed as well as nonstructured interview and non-participant observation for data collection and information. A total of 200 people were
sampled to be respondents using stratified and snowball sampling techniques. Only some of the research findings are
presented and discussed in this research note. The findings include community participation in the local economic
activities such as Fisheries Source Management Community (Komuniti Pengurusan Sumber Perikanan (KPSP)) and
Woman Economic Group (Kumpulan Ekonomi Wanita (KEW))
Amalan pengajaran guru Pendidikan Islam berkesan berteraskan konsep mu‘allim
No full textDalam pelaksanaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran pendidikan Islam, guru pendidikan Islam dilihat dalam masyarakat sebagai contoh terbaik atau role model yang membentuk insan yang berakhlak dan bertakwa. Justeru, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan amalan pengajaran guru pendidikan Islam yang berkesan dan beberapa komponen teras kesediaan yang perlu ada pada setiap guru pendidikan Islam. Perbincangan akan diasaskan kepada amalan pengajaran guru pendidikan Islam yang berteraskan kepada konsep mu‘allim. Selain itu, empat komponen utama dalam kesediaan guru juga akan dibincangkan, iaitu kemahiran dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran, penguasaan ilmu, motivasi, dan personaliti guru pendidikan Islam
Pendekatan dakwah melalui pendidikan kepada masyarakat orang asli di Negeri Pahang
No full textKajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pendekatan dakwah melalui pendidikan kepada masyarakat Orang Asli di Pahang. Dua metode utama digunakan dalam kajian ini, iaitu kajian kepustakaan dan kajian lapangan. Sementara metode deduksi dan induksi digunakan khusus untuk menganalisis data. Kajian ini mendapati pendekatan dakwah melalui pendidikan di Negeri Pahang kepada masyarakat Orang Asli telah dilakukan oleh Jabatan Agama Islam Pahang (JAIP), Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli (JHEOA) Negeri Pahang, Pertubuhan Kebajikan Islam Malaysia (PERKIM) Bahagian Pahang dan Pembangunan Tamadun Masyarakat Asli (PETAMA)
Analisis perkembangan tepubina di kawasan pertanian Pesisir Teluk Banten, Indonesia: kajian kes di Kecamatan Kasemen, Kramatwatu dan Pontang (An analysis of the built-up expansion in the agricultural region of the Teluk Banten coast, Indonesia, with special reference to Kasemen, Kramatwatu and Pontang Districts)
No full textPerkembangan kawasan binaan di kawasan pesisir Indonesia telah menimbulkan persoalan ruang yang semakin kompleks, terutamanya berkait dengan masalah pertukaran gunatanah pertanian kepada gunatanah bukan pertanian. Pertukaran gunatanah pertanian utamanya berlaku pada tanah pertanian yang subur dan berpengairan baik. Ianya ditukar kepada petempatan, kawasan industri dan infrastruktur. Polisi kerajaan bagi mempertahankan tanah-tanah pertanian subur akan mudah tergugat apabila kadar pertukaran gunatanah pertanian kepada bukan pertanian semakin tinggi. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan keterpinggiran kawasan penampan pertanian di kawasan pesisir Teluk Banten akibat perkembangan kawasan binaan. Kajian ini meliputi teknik-teknik analisis spasial yang terintegrasi dengan sistem informasi geografis di mana ianya boleh memberikan gambaran mengenai paras dan pola pertukaran gunatanah pertanian pada dua dekad ini, iaitu antara tahun 1970-2008. Pada peringkat ini, kajian bertumpu kepada analisis data spasial yang telah tersedia iaitu data AMS, JOG, RBI94, dan peta litupan tanah tahun 2003. Data spasial tersebut divalidasi dengan menggunakan data hasil interpreasi citra Path/Row:131/064 dengan tahun perekaman sebagai berikut; Citra LANDSAT tahun 1976, Citra LANDSAT 5 TM tahun 1995, Citra LANDSAT 7 ETM+ tahun 2000. Visualisasi hasil analisis dengan menggunakan peta Topografi/Peta RBI(Rupa Bumi Indonesia) BAKOSURTANAL dan peta pentadbiran Kabupaten Serang, khasnya di tiga
kecamatan kawasan pesisir