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Masalah pengajaran kemahiran berbahasa di sekolah di Indonesia
No full textThis concept paper discussing problems in lesson for four language skills
that experienced by the students in their learning process at primary (SD),
secondary (SMP) and high (SMA) school in Indonesia. These four problems are listening,
reading, writing and speaking. Besides, there are also other problems experienced by the
students in their learning process which requires the teacher as the arbitrator. Based
on the theory discussed in this paper, it is expected that these problems could be overcome
by the teachers. The teachers are able to achieve solutions that relevant to language
learning growth at schoo
Blends of LNR with unsaturated polyester resin from recycled PET: comparison of mechanical properties and morphological analysis with the optimum blend by commercial resin
No full textIn this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) wastes bottle was recycled by glycolysis process using ethylene glycol. The unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was then prepared by reacting the glycolysed product with maleic anhydride. The blend of UPR based on recycled PET wastes with liquid natural rubber (LNR) was carried out by varying the amount of LNR from 0 to 7.5 wt%. Mechanical tests such as tensile and impact were conducted to investigate the effects of LNR on the mechanical properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphology of the breaking area resulted from the tensile tests on the UPR and blend samples. From the results, the blend of 2.5 wt% LNR in UPR based recycled PET wastes achieved the highest strength in the mechanical properties and showed a well dispersed of elastomer particles in the sample morphology compared to other blends concentrations. This blend sample was then compared to the optimum blend of LNR with commercial resin through the glass transition temperature value Tg, mechanical strength and morphology properties. The comparison study showed that the Tg for UPR based recycled PET was higher than the value represented from commercial resin due to the degree of crystalinity in the molecular structure of the materials. LNR was found to be an effective impact modifier which gave a greater improvement in UPR from recycled PET wastes structure but not to the commercial one which needs 5% LNR to achieve the optimum properties. Thus, the compatibility between the UP resin based recycled PET and LNR was much better than with the commercial resi
The knowledge of people in Bayah sub district Banten province about dengue hemorrhagic fever vector and the people characteristics
No full textHistopathology of marine and freshwater fish lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV)
No full textLymphocystis disease (LCD) in fishes is caused by the agent called lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV). LCDV is a chronic and benign virus. The disease affects 96 species of marine and fresh water fishes ranged among 34 families in the world. Affected fish with LCD has a typical external symptom with clusters consisted of enormously hypertrophied dermal cells on the skin and fins. The hypertrophied cells, generally named lymphocystis cells, have a thick hyaline capsule, an enlarged nucleus and prominent basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. Among the four species of fishes, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and rockfish Sebastes schlegeli were marine cultured fish, and gourami Trichogaster leeri and painted glassfish Channa baculis were freshwater ornamental fish. Although LCD causes low mortality, the disfigurement of infected fish can make them unsellable. Thus LCD has resulted in an important economic loss in the aquaculture industry. This study of histopathology may be adequate for a presumptive diagnosis of lymphocystis diseases both in marine and freshwater fish species
Effects of point mutations at positions 79, 85 and 91 of the nipah virus leader sequence to its minigenome expression
No full textNipah virus has been identified as the causative agent responsible for an outbreak of fatal human viral encephalitis in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998 to 1999. In vitro replication assays with Nipah virus minigenome carrying CAT gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) has been developed without the use of infectious virus to allow further study of the replication of Nipah virus in vitro. It has been reported that the viral RNA replication and transcription activity of paramyxoviruses are controlled by essential sequences located in the terminal regions of viral genomic and antigenomic RNAs. In this study, single base substitution was carried out on the Nipah virus minigenome separately at the three guanine residues (G) located in positions 79, 85 and 91 of the leader promoter within the 5’ non-translated region (NTR) of the nucleocapsid gene (N) mRNA region. The guanine residues of these positions were substituted with the cytosine (C) or adenine (A) residue, respectively by using the overlapping PCR-mediated mutagenesis method. The resultant mutants containing the desired point mutation were confirmed by sequencing. The mutants were analyzed to determine the effect of substitution mutation on the viral transcription activity of the minigenome. It was found that the substitution of G at positions 79 and 85 decreased the efficiency of transcription of Nipah virus minigenome while the substitution of G at position 91 did not. Our findings also showed that the effect of transition mutation gave more impact than the transversion mutation in term of suppression effect upon the transcription activity of minigenome
Transformation for better living environment in urban region: application of the principle of transboundary liability and the montreal protocol experiences.
No full textThe international environmental law principle on transboundary liability plays an important role in transforming better living environment in urban region. The use of the international environmental law principle on transboundary liability in urban region for better living environment is largely in response to the inevitability of every individual to protect his/ her rights on living environment in urban region from being polluted. This article examines the use of the international environmental law principle on transboundary liability in transforming better living environment in urban region by identifying actions and cases which deal with human habitat and environmental protection in urban region. This article
also identifies the relation between the international environmental law principle on transboundary liability and Rio Declaration as a means to transform better living environment in urban region. The opportunity to enhance the growth of this principle of transboundary liability in protecting human habitat and environment in urban region, through state practices, following the two-transboundary environmental disasters “Sandoz Spill” and “Chernobyl Explosion,” were lost due to the decision by the injured states not to take international legal actions for causing environmental pollution to their urban regions, even though the injured states have their right to do so. The support made by the statesaround the globe on the International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses Law, 1994 and the Rio Declaration, 1992 clearly reflected the acceptance and the growth of this principle of transboundary liability in protecting human habitat and environment especially in urban region. Finally, the preliminary findings indicate that the influence of interest approach in the international environmental governance is an important aspect to promote and persuade states around the globe to participate in the Montreal Protocol for the purpose to protect global environment by taking into consideration the principle of transboundary liability in order
to control world emissions of pollution especially in urban region. These actions are to ensure the transformation for better living environment in urban regio
What influenced the emigration of public doctors to the private sector: A cross-sectional study among private doctors in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor
No full text
Learning to live and living to learn together: A novel and resourceful model of interprofessional undergraduate education
No full textPersepsi guru tentang penggunaan aplikasi multimedia dalam pengajaran komponen sastera Bahasa Melayu.
No full textTujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk meninjau persepsi guru terhadap aplikasi multimedia dalam pengajaran Komponen Sastera Bahasa Melayu (Komsas). Kajian ini menggunakan perisian multimedia bagi novel Istana Menanti yang digunakan oleh pelajar Tingkatan 1. Perisian PPBK ini dibangunkan bagi memenuhi sukatan pelajaran baharu Bahasa Melayu bagi Tingkatan 1 khususnya bagi Komponen Sastera Bahasa Melayu yang digunakan mulai tahun 2010. Perisian ini dibangunkan berdasarkan strategi dan teori-teori pembelajaran supaya dapat mewujudkan suasana pembelajaran yang berkesan dan interaktif. Seramai 60 orang guru Bahasa Melayu daripada empat buah sekolah menengah di daerah Muar Johor dijadikan sampel kajian. Dapatan kajian dipungut menggunakan soal selidik dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil daripada kajian tersebut menunjukkan perisian aplikasi multimedia membantu proses pengajaran guru di dalam bilik darjah menjadi lebih fleksibel dan efektif. Selain itu, alat bantu multimedia ini juga dapat mempelbagaikan kaedah pengajaran guru dalam usaha menarik minat dan motivasi dalam pembelajaran berteraskan bahan sastera