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The Effect of Nigella Sativa on the Regeneration of Planaria Worms in a Pro-diabetic Environment
No full textDiabetes has encapsulated the US, with 1–10 people affected. There are two main types: 1 and 2. Type 1 is indicated by damage to the quality of beta cells located in the pancreas, leading to an absence of insulin. Type 2 is the improper production and utilization of insulin, resulting in an inappropriate reaction by the body. Moreover, diabetes leads to high glycemic levels in the bloodstream, resulting in buildup and constricting blood flow. As a consequence, resulting in foot ulcers, blindness, and even strokes. In the research, I focused on the issue of tissue regeneration caused by the disease and the effects of ancient remedies. Although the focus was on the consequences of the illness, I also dove deeper into the historical and medical aspects of ancient remedies and their correlation with medicine today. This research follows the process of cutting planaria worms in half and separating them into two separate groups: control and experimental. The control group received a typical diet of boiled egg yolks to imitate the ordinary lifestyle of the worms. The experimental group was divided into two subgroups; both received a sucrose solution to imitate diabetes, and one subgroup received Nigella sativa as the remedy. The worms were closely analyzed every day, with progress pictures and logbooks. The results revealed that the remedy allowed the respected group to regenerate twice as fast as any other group. Therefore, it is suggested that Nigella sativa has the potential to aid tissue regeneration in a pro-diabetic environment
he Effect of Light Therapy on the Memory of Carbanotids elegans as a Model for Alzheimer’s Disease
No full textResearch involving the discovery and development of cures/treatments for Alzheimer\u27s Disease (AD), Parkinson\u27s Disease, and other neurological degenerative diseases are becoming increasingly popular. This research has resulted in an increase in studies relating to the relationship between memory and light, color, smell, etc. The purpose of this study was to research the effects of blue and red therapy lights on C.elegans as a potential treatment for Alzheimer\u27s Disease. It was hypothesized that if the blue light and red light were introduced to Caenorhabditis elegans, then the blue light would improve cognitive function better than the red light because blue light alleviates deficits found in the brain and has a cooling effect on the brain. The C.elegans were introduced to no light (control), red light, or blue therapy lights. Using lights placed on top of a box, the C.elegans over a time span of an hour were exposed to each type of light. Every 10 min, the petri dish containing the C.elegans was tapped 30 times, and the # of C.elegans that remained still and moved back was recorded. If more C.elegans stay in one place, then according to the Tap Withdrawal Response (TWR) test, it can be assumed that the memory of C.elegans was unaffected. The p value of the data was 0.000, a value less than 0.5, suggesting that the data can be considered significant
The Effect of Plant-Based and Synthetic Tide Detergents on Ocimum basilicum
No full textThe effects of two different Tide detergents on Ocimum basilicum were examined. Detergents have been a danger to the environment and are especially harmful to various living organisms. Not much research has been done on the topic of plant-based detergents and their effects. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the Tide plant-based detergent was less damaging and harmful in terms of color and height than the synthetic Tide detergent on Ocimum basilicum. It was hypothesized that the Ocimum basilicum plants would grow taller and appear brighter with the green Tide detergent in comparison to the synthetic detergent, but the green detergent would still significantly damage the plant even though it\u27s “eco-friendly” as a result of its beneficial chemical uptake. Ninety Ocimum basilicum plants were separated into 3 groups, with 30 plants in each group. Every group received a different treatment. The control received only water and no detergent (0% of detergent by volume), group 2 received 15% of plant-based detergent by volume, and the final group, group 2, received 15% of synthetic detergent by volume. It was found that group 2 did better than group 1 in terms of color, but worse in terms of height. It was concluded that the Tide synthetic detergent is not much more harmful than the Tide plant-based detergent
The Effect of Polycarbonate Microplastics on the Mortality Rate of Artemia franciscana
No full textThe world is facing the immense issue of microplastics accumulating in the environment. When microplastics enter the environment, they can cause damage to the base of food chains, tiny invertebrates that support all life above them. As more and more large plastics break down into microplastics, the amount of life that they can affect increases. This project was focused on finding the effects of a specific type of microplastic, polycarbonate, on a relatively unexplored marine environment, salt lakes. Polycarbonate is commonly used in products such as automobiles, eyewear, medical devices, and electronics. With all of these applications, its use, and subsequent formation of microplastics, are constantly growing. Salt lakes are fundamental ecosystems that support many birds, fish, and other crustaceans. At the base of these lakes are brine shrimp, or Artemia franciscana. By testing how microplastics affect brine shrimp, a better understanding of the effect that human pollution has on this important ecosystem can be achieved. The Artemia franciscana were exposed to concentrations of 25 mg/25 mL, 50 mg/25 mL, and 75 mg/25 mL of polycarbonate microplastics. After 24 hours, the mortality was observed. The results of the Chi-square test revealed a p-value of 0.03. With the mortality rate increasing as the concentration of polycarbonate microplastics increased (0.03\u3c0.05). This suggests that there is a correlation between the mortality of the Artemia franciscana and the increase in polycarbonate microplastics. When assessing the data, it can be reasonably concluded that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that there is a difference in the mortality of Artemia franciscana exposed to polycarbonate microplastics in relation to those not exposed to polycarbonate microplastics
The Effect of the Cardinal Direction of Planters Simulating Green Roofs on the Amount of Runoff
No full textRoofs with plants, or green roofs, have been found to help decrease amounts of flooding. Since roofs are often tilted at angles in different directions, this study examined how cardinal directions may influence the amount of water (mL) that plants absorb in an effort to reduce flooding. The purpose of this study was to determine the ideal cardinal direction for minimizing runoff and cultivating greenery on green roofs by adjusting the orientation of individual planters. To test the hypothesis, simulated green roofs were built and placed on a hill at different locations, so that each box was placed at an equal angle facing a different cardinal direction. The statistics results found that, due to unknown factors, the orientation of the planters was not significant in impacting the amount of water that was measured to have been in each planter every day. A one-way ANOVA with significant levels set at 0.5 (F(2,87)=89,p=0.172) gave a p-value of 0.172. However, the mean of the north-facing planter had the lowest amount of water absorbed. Due to insignificant conclusions, further research is needed in this field
The Effect of Hypericum perforatum on the Asexual Reproduction of Daphnia magna
No full textHypericum perforatum is an herb used as a remedy for a variety of ailments, particularly against depression, where it has been compared to SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) for its response and effectiveness against depression. The properties of SSRIs which combat depression produce hormonal changes in organisms that affect a variety of bodily functions, such as reproduction. The SSRI fluoxetine has been used on Daphnia magna, a crustacean and model organism, to test the organism’s reproductive response, finding increases in its reproductive rate associated with its hormonal properties. The purpose of this study was to use H. perforatum on D. magna and observe the herb’s effects on the reproduction of D. magna when in a controlled environment encouraging asexual reproduction, a commonly used parameter to determine the model organism’s response to a drug or toxin. It was hypothesized that the H. perforatum would increase the number of D. magna offspring produced as the herb would act similar to an SSRI, which would result in an increase in reproduction. The hypothesis was tested by harboring two D. magna cultures, with one exposed to a H. perforatum solution. The initial and final populations were counted, and the group exposed to the herb had significantly more individuals, both adults and neonates, than the control group, supporting the hypothesis. There was evidence to indicate that the herb H. perforatum had some effect on the reproduction of D. magna
How Many Ways Can 8 Dice Be Arranged Using 4 Colors?
No full textHow many ways can eight dice be arranged using four colors without counting inverses? An inverse is the flipping of the pattern so the color of dice one becomes the color for dice eight, the color of two becomes the color for seven, the color of three becomes the color of six, the color of four becomes the color for five, the color of five becomes the color for four, the color of six becomes the color for three, and the color for eight becomes the color for one. An example is G, Y, R, B, Y, B, G, R is the same as R, G, B, Y, B, R, Y, G. We first approached this question by breaking it down to four dice and four colors and drawing all possible arrangements. Once we had the number for this question, we were able to formulate an equation what would solve for eight dice and and four colors. This equation lead us to ask what would happen if there were n number of dice and four colors. Finally we created a true generalized equation by replacing the four colors with A colors
The Effects of Red Light Therapy on the Growth of Staphylococcus Epidermidis
No full textDespite red light therapy being a fairly well-established treatment in the field of medicine, little is known on how it can combat a bacterial infection because it is still so new. Red light therapy has a wide range of effects due to its photodynamic properties. The purpose of this study was to determine if red light therapy acts as an effective bactericide to Staphylococcus epidermidis, a common bacteria strain that leads to millions of infections a year, and to quantify the dosage of light that would be most effective. It was hypothesized that red light exposure acts as an effective bactericide to Staphylococcus epidermidis because of its photodynamic properties. The colony count after exposure to red light will decrease significantly due to bright light exposure and its anti-inflammatory effects. Staphylococcus epidermidis was streaked onto mannitol salt agar plates and incubated. The colony count was observed directly before exposure to red light and then 24 hours after. In Table 2, a One-way ANOVA with an alpha value of 0.05 gave a p-value \u3c0.001 for the results. The null hypothesis was rejected, and it was concluded that there is sufficient evidence to suggest that red light therapy has antibacterial effects on S. epidermidis
The Effect of Adult Social Environment on Drosophila melanogaster Mating Behavior
No full textSocial interactions have a significant impact on Drosophila melanogaster\u27s sexual behavior. It is known that density has effects on genotype viability (Lewontin, 1955). During mating, exposure to rival males increases mating duration (Bretman et al., 2009). Therefore, there is a correlation between mating duration and male competition. Several studies have been conducted on the effects of storage density on the mating responses of Drosophila melanogaster, but there has not yet been a concrete explanation as to whether specific adult male densities affect the sexual behavior of male genotypes differently. We asked the following three questions: How does male adult storage density affect mating behavior? Does male genotype influence mating behavior? Are density effects dependent on male genetic background? To test the effects of varying social environments caused by density extremes, we placed the D. melanogaster male populations LHm-GFP and IV in three density treatments (Low - 1 fly, Moderate - 5 flies, and High - 20 flies per vial). We then paired males from different density treatments with IV females and measured their mating behavior. After completing the mating experiments, data was recorded and evaluated. Our findings indicate density treatments affect mating duration and latency to mate, while mating probability was unaffected
The Effect of Valerian Root Extract on Rice Germination in Mojave Mars Regolith
No full textStarting with the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969, every development in modern space travel has brought increasing interest towards the search for a habitable planet. While much effort is put into trying to find a habitable planet, research is also done regarding the planets within the solar system, specifically Mars. Research has shown that genetically modified rice can reach germination in simulated martian regolith (Gann, 2023). Valproate is a chemical that is able to increase expression in the SnRK1a gene, which plays a key role in sugar signaling and plant growth. As such, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a valproate supplement added to wild type rice grown in simulated martian regolith, without any genetic modifications. It was hypothesized that the addition of valerian root extract, a liquid commonly used for medicinal purposes which contains the chemical, would lead to increased plant growth and germination rate. 30 plastic containers were filled with 30g of MMS-1, and 3 wild type rice seeds were planted in each container. Containers were split into 6 groups: 0mL, 2mL, 4mL, 6mL, 8mL, and 10mL. The rice seedlings were left to germinate for 5 days at around 30°C. All groups were watered daily with desalinated water. The study found no germination of any rice seeds in any group. Therefore, there was no significant evidence to suggest that the addition of valproate will increase the growth and germination rate of rice in martian regolith