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Creating Neurodiverse Affirming Spaces in Online Learning Environments
Get PDFNeurodiversity is a paradigm that opposes the view that there is one normal view of neuro-cognitive functioning (Singer, 1991; Silberman, 2015). However, implementation of affirming practices for neurodiverse learners in online environments have been limited. As a result of the COVID 19 pandemic there has been increased urgency to provide accessible learning environments in online learning spaces. Within this manuscript, the concept of neurodiversity will be defined with particular attention to barriers and practical suggestions for neurodiverse learners in online learning environments
Utilizing Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Online Counselor Education Classroom
Get PDFGenerative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has created a buzz in education, particularly with fears that students will plagiarize information and their work will not be representative of their own capabilities. Programs such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, and Microsoft’s Copilot are becoming increasingly popular sources for content generation and virtual assistance. Colleges and universities have scrambled to develop policies around the use of generative AI programs for student work. The reality is that generative AI tools will continue to develop, and educators have choices to make about embracing the potential use for this technology or avoiding it altogether. Counselor educators can develop assignments that utilize generative AI programming to help students learn critical thinking and produce rationale for AI output. Students in online programs who utilize technology more consistently are good candidates for experimenting with the benefits of generative AI in the field of counseling. Faculty must include discussion and guidance around ethics and use of AI in clinical contexts
Prosecutors in the Passing Lane: Racial Disparities, Public Safety, and Prosecutorial Declinations of Pretextual Stops
Get PDFIn response to a growing set of empirical studies demonstrating their widespread discriminatory effects, pretextual stops have been subjected to decades of criticism from scholars, the public, and jurists. However, pretextual stops have been defended by some as a necessary public safety measure, particularly in the fight against violent gun crimes. Following a series of highly publicized police shootings of unarmed Black drivers during pretextual stops, and in the absence of substantial judicial or legislative guidance, a growing number of prosecutors have developed policies deprecating the prosecution of pretextual stops absent a clear public safety benefit. Without empirical evaluations of pretextual stops, however, it has been difficult for practitioners or justice advocates to rebut complaints that these new policies remove an important deterrent to crime and the circulation of illegal firearms. This Article reports the results of the first empirical evaluation of the impact of pretextual stops on crime and gun seizures, made possible by the Ramsey County Attorney’s decision to both decline prosecution of non-public-safety stops and to share data about those stops. We find that reduced stops have led to decreased racial disparities without affecting crime rates. Notably, the most common justification for pretextual stops—the recovery of illegal firearms—remained constant in the largest police department aligned with the new policy. We urge prosecutors to review the growing body of evidence we describe and contribute to this evidence base by gathering and sharing data about their policies with researchers. To that end, this Article provides a comprehensive review of relevant empirical evidence, reports the findings of the Ramsey County evaluation, and outlines how prosecutors and police departments in other jurisdictions can utilize the Ramsey County model to engage in evidence-based reform
Is There Room in the Classroom for the First Amendment? Defining the Doctrine for Teachers’ Classroom Speech
Get PDFMany public school teachers face a daunting question: What are they allowed to say in the classroom? States are actively passing legislation restricting instruction and discussion regarding Critical Race Theory, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Yet, there is a circuit split in First Amendment jurisprudence regarding the bounds of teachers’ classroom speech. Do these purported curricular restrictions extend to all teachers’ classroom speech? Do these restrictions silence teachers’ lived identities related to race, sexual orientation, and gender identity? The Supreme Court should resolve the circuit split in teachers’ classroom speech analysis to provide teachers the protection to share their lived experiences without fear of termination or litigation.
This Comment carefully examines the existing circuit split that scrutinizes teachers’ classroom speech claims using traditional government-employee speech analysis or student speech analysis. Then, this Comment explores recent state legislation regulating instruction regarding Critical Race Theory, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Finally, this Comment suggests that the Supreme Court adopt an analytical compromise that respects states’ paternal obligations to regulate curricular speech while extending greater protection to speech unrelated to legitimate pedagogical concerns. This proposition respects the Court’s recent decision in Kennedy v. Bremerton School District by maintaining deference to the government speech doctrine and acknowledging the importance of protecting teachers’ First Amendment protections
Margaret Ely Webb Bookplate Commissioned for M. E. W. (2 of 4)
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Margaret Ely Webb Bookplate Commissioned for Clara Alwood Fitts
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Free Speech Censorship in the Philippines: The Push to Decriminalize Libel
Get PDFPhilippine criminal libel law is unjustly being used to suppress and censor the media and press; libel should be decriminalized and redefined to uphold the ideals of due process and freedom of expression enumerated in the Philippine Constitution.
This Comment takes a deep dive into Philippine libel law and argues for its decriminalization and redefining from an international perspective
San Diego Collaboration for Conservation: Sustaining the Region\u27s Legacy of Biodiversity Conservation
Get PDFWe are living through significant environmental, social, political, and economic challenges. These challenges have strained our communities and humanbuilt systems, as well as our interconnected habitats, wildlife, and natural systems. Lack of adequate infrastructure to withstand natural disasters and climate change, as well as historical and presentday inequities in resources across neighborhoods, are examples of the multifaceted and interconnected threats contributing to the accelerated loss of our rich biodiversity. This natural abundance is integral to our region’s health, history, and continued prosperity.https://digital.sandiego.edu/npi-environment/1002/thumbnail.jp