12165 research outputs found
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Licence to Speak. The Rhetoric of Free speech in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages
No full text, Combining tailor made research solutions with big infrastructures: the speaking map of the Netherlands
No full textDilemmas of downsizing during the great recession: crisis strategies of European employers
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A new language survey in Fryslân – Frisian revisited?
No full textLanguage policy starts with knowledge about the language. Knowledge about the language starts with reliable information. For the situation of Frisian, in a minority language context, it is vital to have up to date information about the language characteristics of the population.
The first major scientific language survey in Fryslân (Pietersen 1969) was ground-breaking and has found a tradition with follow-ups in 1984 (Gorter et al) and 1995 (Gorter & Jonkman). More recently, there have been smaller-scale quick-scans (Province of Fryslân, 2007 and 2011) and more general studies, such as the study on ‘regional languages and dialects’ in the Netherlands (Driessen 2006).
The upcoming survey in Fryslân intends not just to be a replication of the previous surveys. To ensure comparability and facilitate longitudinal analysis the survey will be a partial replication. However it will be extended with some new elements . Whereas the previous surveys were mainly based on self-reporting by the speakers, now the command of the language will actually be tested. It is well known that Frisians have a rather poor command of their mother tongue with strong Dutch interference and code-switching and borrowing of words (Sjölin 1976) and don’t use their language in all aspects of society (Gorter 1993). Adding a language test to the survey will give an indication of the quality of self-reporting.
In the first stage of the language survey 30,000 invitations for an online questionnaire will be sent out, with an even spread over the Frisian municipalities by their population size. The survey consists of an extended questionnaire and an online test for basic Frisian language skills. An expected return of 10,000 questionnaires would generate information of around 5,000 Frisian speakers. During the completion of the questionnaire the respondents are asked to indicate whether they are prepared to participate in a semi-structured interview in which more advanced language skills will be tested and detailed questions on the daily use and experiences involving Frisian will be provided. From the group that consents to such an interview, about 250 participants will be selected and approached.
As indicated the main part of the survey is a continuation of the previous surveys. However a small part of the survey will be made available for questions of third parties. Third parties, public and private, that are involved in Frisian society and language (e.g. healthcare and educational organisations, industry and tourism) will be invited to join a so called consortium of stake holders. This consortium will be invited to come up with ideas or questions about what they want to know from the Frisian population. These idea’s will be discussed during a meeting at the Frisian Akademy for which all parties are invited. The results of this meeting will be used during the construction of the questions for the concerning part of the survey.
Light and Phosphate Competition Between Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa is Strain Dependent
No full textThe hypothesis that outcomes of phosphorus and light competition between Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa are strain dependent was tested experimentally. Critical requirements of phosphorus (P*) and of light (I*) of two strains of each species were determined through monoculture experiments, which indicated a trade-off between species and also between Microcystis strains. Competition experiments between species were performed using the weakest predicted competitors (with the highest values of P* and of I*) and with the strongest predicted competitors (with the lowest values of P* and of I*). Under light limitation, competition between the weakest competitors led C. raciborskii to dominate. Between the strongest competitors, the opposite was observed, M. aeruginosa displaced C. raciborskii, but both strains co-existed in equilibrium. Under phosphate limitation, competition between the weakest competitors led C. raciborskii to exclude M. aeruginosa, and between the strongest competitors, the opposite was observed, M. aeruginosa displaced C. raciborskii, but the system did not reach an equilibrium and both strains were washed out. Hence, outcomes of the competition depended on the pair of competing strains and not only on species or on type of limitation. We concluded that existence of different trade-offs among strains and between species underlie our results showing that C. raciborskii can either dominate or be displaced by M. aeruginosa when exposed to different conditions of light or phosphate limitation.
Dialecten op de digitale kaart gezet
No full textHet Meertens Instituut bezit ruim duizend uur aan geluidsopnames van gesprekken tussen dialectsprekers. Het leeuwendeel van de geluidsbestanden zijn dialectopnames uit Nederland. Er zijn echter ook opnames uit het buitenland. De dialecten zijn te vinden op de website van het Meertens Instituut als 'sprekende kaart’. De presentatie zal gaan over de verschillende manieren waarop de collectie ontsloten is en over de nieuwe toevoegingen aan de website.
Contrasting context-dependence of familiarity and kinship in animal social networks
No full textHighlights
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We studied which traits affect foraging associations and mate choice in geese.
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We collected data on boldness, dominance, familiarity and genetic relatedness.
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During foraging geese associated with familiar and genetically related geese.
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During mate choice geese selected unfamiliar individuals.
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There was no effect of boldness or dominance during foraging or mate choice.
The social structure of a population is a crucial element of an individual's environment, fundamentally influencing the transfer of genes, information and diseases. A central question in social network analysis is how different traits affect associations within populations. However, previous studies of animal social networks have typically focused on a single predictor or stage in the life cycle whereas social interactions within populations are known to be dynamic and not fixed through time and/or context. Relatively few animal network studies have explored how individual traits affect decisions across different ecologically relevant contexts. We collected detailed behavioural data (personality, dominance, familiarity) and high-resolution genetic data from a flock of 43 captive barnacle geese, Branta leucopsis, to understand how these traits affect association patterns in two different evolutionary and ecologically highly relevant contexts: foraging and mate choice. Using a novel analytical framework for node label permutations, we found that barnacle geese preferentially associated with close kin and other individuals familiar from earlier in life when foraging, but selected unfamiliar partners during mate choice. We found no effect of either personality or dominance on foraging associations or mate choice. Our study shows how using social network analysis can increase our understanding of the drivers behind population structure (in our case kin selection and inbreeding avoidance). Moreover, our study demonstrates that social networks can be largely determined by long-term processes, in particular early life familiarity.
