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Artificial intelligence and corporate ideation systems
Full text linkMany companies leverage the creativity of their employees to gather ideas for innovations. These ideas are collected, saved, and evaluated via platforms known as corporate ideation systems. Moderated ideation systems (ideation 2.0) emerged as a solution to address the limitations of traditional, rather passive ideation systems (ideation 1.0). In this study, we apply a qualitative mixed-method approach (literature review, company case studies, expert interviews, and focus group workshops) to examine how artificial intelligence (AI) technology may relieve the remaining pains of stakeholders in collaborative, moderated ideation systems. This leads to a new framework of corporate ideation systems, termed AI-based ideation systems (ideation 3.0). We identify five major pains suffered by stakeholders in today's moderated ideation systems: creativity pain, content formulation pain, search pain, analytical pain, and administration pain. We find that AI agents act as pain relievers when serving five supporting functions: inspirer, stylist, matchmaker, analyst, and organizer. The interconnected nature of pains means that employing AI agents in certain functions within corporate ideation systems can create positive externalities across the entire system. Practical insights into AI agent implementation and application in corporate ideation systems are provided by six mini-case studies, which lead to the proposition of two organizational principles: the contextualization of AI usage and the generalization of AI implementation as the requirements for successful ideation 3.0.</p
Educators’ perceptions of generative AI:Investigating attitudes, barriers, and learning needs in higher education
No full textThis study explores university educators’ attitudes, barriers, and learning needs regarding the adoption of generative AI in higher education. Using a mixed-methods approach, surveys from 70 educators and interviews with five programme directors at a university in the Netherlands reveal generally positive attitudes, especially towards content creation and personalised learning. However, actual use remains limited due to concerns about the reliability and ethics of AI-generated content, lack of pedagogical strategies, and insufficient training. Educators identified the need for professional development focused on evaluating AI outputs, addressing ethical concerns, and building adaptive expertise. These findings inform the design of university-level training programmes that prioritise transferable competencies such as digital (AI) literacy and critical thinking. The study also underscores the need for institutional support structures to enable responsible, effective generative AI use. Ultimately, generative AI should enhance rather than replace human-centred teaching, supporting creativity, critical engagement, and ethical learning in higher education.<br/
Evaluating the ability to map the degree of informality within a city using a scalable, machine learning methodology in Nairobi, Kenya
No full textUpdatable and scalable maps of urban deprivation are needed to plan, upgrade, and monitor dynamic neighborhood-level changes within developing world cities, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Earth Observation data provides a promising solution for consistent, accurate high-resolution maps globally. However, most studies use very high spatial resolution images, which often cover only small areas and are cost prohibitive. Additionally, most of the previous work has only focused on distinguishing only between slums and formal areas. Our current work has started to look into moving beyond, slum-non slum dichotomy to look at the degree of deprivation within a city. Therefore, this work focuses on determining if we can expand our slum, non-slum, scalable machine learning approaches to represent this degree of deprivation. This is our first attempt to do this, and model results indicate moderate accuracy, but tend to over predict slum areas, especially in the areas where our on the ground data are captured. Future work should focus on understanding modeling uncertainty, expanding on the ground data locations, and the model inputs to determine our ability to scale up the degree of informality data
Abstracting Conceptual Models as a Weakening Process
No full textUtilizing abstractions of large conceptual models may enhance their clarity and comprehensibility. This work assesses an existing algorithm for generating abstractions of ontology-driven conceptual models. Although the algorithm has been empirically evaluated using the FAIR catalog of such models, it still lacks formal semantics. This paper addresses this gap by formalizing the basic transformations underlying the abstraction process in SROIQ—the expressive and decidable description logic that underpins the Web Ontology Language (OWL 2). Specifically, it demonstrates that, under certain natural assumptions, these transformations are obtained by a formal procedure known as axiom weakening.</p
Innovation Ethics
No full textThis chapter provides a structured overview of the different dimensions of ethical reflections on the notion of “innovation.” We frame innovation ethics as an emerging academic field made up of three main parts, each investigated in one section of this chapter. The first section deals with ethical questions linked to the general conceptualization of innovation; it mainly focuses on the interplay between the embedding of innovation within specific narratives and the conceptual disruptions that innovation brings to existing narratives. The second section deals with the specific ethical questions raised by innovation conceived as a process (“innovation-as-process ethics”), drawing on and complementing responsible innovation scholarship. The third section moves to the ethical issues related to innovation conceived as a product (“innovation-as-product ethics”), focusing especially on AI and carbon dioxide removal. Overall, the objective of this chapter is to identify and critically reflect on the major ethical dimensions of innovation. It also makes a case for the relevance of innovation ethics as an important way to look at innovation, for companies and organizations involved in innovation processes, but also more broadly for researchers, users, and policymakers.<br/
Fuzzy Fault Trees:The Fast and the Formal
Full text linkWe provide a rigorous framework for handling uncertainty in quantitative fault tree analysis based on fuzzy theory. We show that any algorithm for fault tree unreliability analysis can be adapted to this framework in a fully general and computationally efficient manner. This result crucially leverages both the α-cut representation of fuzzy numbers and the coherence property of fault trees. We evaluate our algorithms on an established benchmark of synthetic fault trees, demonstrating their practical effectiveness.</p
Wave-driven hydrodynamics around a saltmarsh cliff under storm conditions::the role of cliff height and vegetation
Full text linkSaltmarshes are a promising nature-based alternative for conventional flood protection. However, saltmarshes can erode under storm conditions, whereby the seaward edge of the saltmarsh often forms a vertical cliff. Despite its importance, the effect of storm conditions on erosion at the saltmarsh cliff remains understudied, especially when waves traverse over a cliff. This research investigates the complex flow patterns around a saltmarsh cliff non-intrusively using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) conducted through a series of scaled monochromatic wave flume experiments. We adopted realistic foreshore configurations (e.g. cliff heights) and hydraulic loading conditions from the Dutch Wadden Sea. Results show two local near-bed velocity maxima on top of the saltmarsh, created during different wave phases by water depth contraction, wave transmission and interaction between flow and vortices that are shed from the cliff. Under the wave crest, high onshore-directed near-bed velocities were measured at approximately 2.5–4 times the cliff height onshore from the cliff. Under the wave trough, high offshore-directed velocities were found at the marsh edge. Both onshore- and offshore-directed velocities increase with increasing cliff height, larger wave height or lower water depth. Vegetation on top of the marsh reduces both the incoming and outgoing velocities in front of the cliff. Increasing the cliff height resulted in a greater reduction in velocities by the vegetation. These results demonstrate how local near-bed velocity maxima and location are influenced by the presence of a cliff and the interaction with vegetation on top of the saltmarsh. This research highlights the vulnerability of the cliff even during inundation of the cliff and will help to implement saltmarshes as nature-based solutions for flood defence
UAV Integration into Airport Infrastructure Inspection Procedures:Case Study Zagreb Airport
Full text linkWithin the EU project OLGA (Holistic & Green Airports), one of the main objectives is to reduce emissions and develop decarbonizing solutions for airside operations. In this paper, we will describe the proposed methodology and newly developed procedures for the usage of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the inspection of airport airside areas. Such an approach may bring significant benefits: i) Reduction of air pollution (in line with European Green Deal policy), ii) Better efficiency of infrastructure inspection and higher accuracy of detection of anomalies on operational surfaces, iii) Multiple measurements (inspection) per one drone operation and iv) Improvement of the Safety Management System at the airport. To enable safe and secure usage of UAV in a daily routine inspection, it was necessary to develop a workflow for the integration of UAV into airport operations, which included the development of AD-HOC structure / procedure. The analysis of the whole process, which includes the collaboration between air traffic control, civil aviation agency, airport operational and asset management, is presented in the paper. The application of UAV for the inspection of the airside areas is analysed and presented with the aim of assessing the feasibility, capability, cost efficiency and environmental impacts of the implementation of UAV into daily, monthly and/or annual inspection procedures at the airports
A 1-8 GHz, 190MHz BB BW Mixer-First Receiver With Bootstrapped Mixer Switches Achieving Over 16dBm In-Band IIP3
No full textIn this article, we propose a wideband mixer-first receiver with improved in-band (IB) linearity. It uses bootstrapped N-path mixer switches to achieve a constant on-state gate–source voltage for large IB signals. We analyze the tradeoff between on-state resistance and off-state subthreshold current in conventional mixer switches and introduce a method to break this tradeoff with the presented bootstrap technique. The mixer is followed by a degenerated LNTA featuring partial cancellation of its nonlinear output current. The receiver is fabricated in 22-nm FDSOI CMOS and achieves over 16-dBm IB IIP 3 at room temperature and over 14-dBm IIP 3 over the industrial temperature range. It has a 190-MHz I and Q baseband bandwidth, while its performance is demonstrated for a local oscillator frequency range from 1 to 8GHz
Transfer method effects on graphene/α-germanium selenide heterostructures:Toward strain and interfacial interactions in bandgap modulation
No full textTwo-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials with an intrinsic bandgap offer promising platforms for integrating graphene into functional heterostructures. In this study, we investigated the relative roles of strain and interfacial interactions in modulating the electronic band structure of graphene within a vdW heterostructure. Our model system is graphene on α-germanium selenide (α-GeSe). By comparing solvent and thermal transfer methods, we explore how fabrication conditions impact the structure and band characteristics of the resulting heterostructures. Scanning probe microscopy and first-principles calculations reveal that solvent-based transfer preserves the substrate integrity and the intrinsic electronic structure of graphene, yielding a novel parallelogram moiré pattern. In contrast, the thermal transfer induces oxidation of Ge and formation of rhombus-shaped etch pits, which locally strain the graphene layer and result in a measurable bandgap. Meanwhile, spatial doping variations are primarily governed by charge transfer effects due to interface interaction. Our findings demonstrate that strain, rather than interlayer coupling, is the dominant mechanism for bandgap modulation in graphene/α-GeSe heterostructure. This work underscores the critical role of transfer techniques in engineering the properties of 2D van der Waals heterojunctions and establishes α-GeSe as a promising, tunable substrate for future graphene-based electronic and optoelectronic applications.</p