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Uluslararası Tarım Ticaretinde Girişimcilik Kararları: Gambiya’ya Giriş Örneği
Get PDFThe increase in international enterprises is very important in terms of reducing the chronic foreign trade deficit. Most entrepreneurship studies are concerned with what entrepreneurship is and how to do it. However, at this point, the process of making an international venture decision is also important. How an entrepreneur makes an international venture decision is explained by the enabling approach. In this study, the decision-making processes of entrepreneurs who make international entrepreneurship decisions and the processes of transforming these decisions into an enterprise are examined from the perspective of the enabling approach. Enabling is the approach known as controlling the environment to support the realization of an enterprise instead of predicting the future. In this study, the internationalization decisions of entrepreneurs engaged in professional agriculture in İpsala, Edirne and their efforts to invest in a remote and underdeveloped country such as Gambia are examined. The study was conducted in qualitative research design with case study method. Some of the data of the study were obtained through face-to-face and online interviews and some of them were obtained through internet news. As a result of the study, it was seen that entrepreneurs carry out decision-making processes in line with the enabling principles. However, it was observed that the initiatives failed due to various micro and macro reasons.Uluslararası girişimlerin artması kronikleşen dış ticaret açığının azalması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Girişimcilik çalışmalarının birçoğu girişimciliğin ne olduğu ve nasıl yapılacağı ile ilgilidir. Ancak bu noktada uluslararası girişim kararının alınma süreci de önemlidir. Bir girişimcinin uluslararası girişim kararını nasıl aldığı etkinleştirme yaklaşımı ile açıklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada uluslararası girişimcilik kararı alan girişimcilerin karar alma süreçleri ve bu kararlarını bir girişime dönüştürme süreçleri etkinleştirme yaklaşımı bakış açısıyla incelenmiştir. Etkinleştirme bir girişimi gerçekleştirmek için geleceği tahmin etmek yerine çevreyi bu girişimi gerçekleştirmeye destek olacak şekilde kontrol etmek olarak bilinen yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmada Edirne İpsala’da profesyonel tarım ile uğraşan girişimcilerin uluslararasılaşma kararlarını alma ve Gambiya gibi uzak ve az gelişmiş bir ülkede yatırım yapma çabaları incelenmiştir. Çalışma nitel araştırma deseninde, vaka analizi yöntemi ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın verilerinin bir kısmı yüz yüze ve çevrim içi mülakat yöntemi ile bir kısmı ise internet haberleri vasıtasıyla elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda girişimcilerin etkinleştirme prensiplerine uyumlu karar alma süreci yürüttükleri görülmüştür. Ancak girişimlerin çeşitli mikro ve makro nedenlerden dolayı başarısız olduğu gözlemlenmiştir
Examination of the relationship between object relations, cognitive emotion relation and posttraumatic cognitions in adults
Get PDFAraştırmanın amacı travmatik olay yaşamış yetişkin bireylerin nesne ilişkileri, bilişsel duygu düzenlemeleri ve yaşadıkları travma sonrasında oluşan bilişleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda Travma Sonrası Bilişler Ölçeği, Bell Nesne İlişkileri ve Gerçeği Değerlendirme Ölçeği ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır ve 413 katılımcıya uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak travma geçmişi bulunan bireylerin travma bilişlerini, nesne ilişkilerini ve algılanan bilişsel duygu düzenleme stratejilerini; cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum ve eğitim durumuna göre incelemek amaçlanmaktadır. Yapılan anket uygulaması neticesinde yapılan analizlere göre nesne ilişkileri ile travma sonrası bilişler, travma sonrası bilişler ile bilişsel duygu düzenleme arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bilişsel duygu düzenleme, güvensiz bağlanma, kendini suçlama, pozitif tekrar odaklanma, plana tekrar odaklanma, pozitif yeniden gözden geçirme, yıkım, başkalarını suçlama puanları cinsiyete göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Travma sonrası bilişler, nesne ilişkileri, kabul etme, pozitif tekrar odaklanma, plana tekrar odaklanma, pozitif yeniden gözden geçirme, yıkım, ruminasyon ve bakış açısına yerleştirme, kişinin kendisiyle ilgili olumsuz bilişler, dünyayla ilgili olumsuz bilişleri, yabancılaşma, güvensiz bağlanma ve sosyal yetersizlik yaşa göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Benmerkezcilik, kabul etme, ruminasyon, pozitif tekrar odaklanma eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir. Nesne ilişkileri, travma sonrası bilişler, yabancılaşma, benmerkezcilik, sosyal yetersizlik, güvensiz bağlanma, kendini suçlama, kabul etme, ruminasyon, pozitif tekrar odaklanma, kişinin kendisiyle ilgili olumsuz bilişler, dünyayla ilgili olumsuz bilişleri ve kendini suçlama medeni duruma göre anlamlı farklılık göstermektedir.The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between object relations, cognitive emotion regulation and posttraumatic cognitions of adults who experienced traumatic events. Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory, Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used and administered to 413 participants. In this study, trauma cognitions, object relations and perceived cognitive emotion regulation strategies of individuals with direct or indirect trauma history will be examined according to gender, age, marital status and educational status. According to the analyses conducted as a result of the questionnaire application, there is a significant relationship between object relations and posttraumatic cognitions, and between posttraumatic cognitions and cognitive emotion regulation. Cognitive emotion regulation, insecure attachment, self-blame, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, catastrophizing, other-blame scores show statistically significant difference according to gender. Posttraumatic cognitions, object relations, acceptance, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, catastrophizing, rumination and putting into perspective, negative cognitions of the self, negative cognitions of the world, alienation, insecure attachment and social incompetence show statistically significant differences according to age. Egocentrism, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing show significant differences according to educational status. Object relations, posttraumatic cognitions, alienation, egocentrism, social incompetence, insecure attachment, self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, negative cognitions of the self, negative cognitions of the world and self-blame show significant differences according to marital status
Investigation of the effect of psychological birthorder on perceived parental attitudes and early maladaptive schemas in adults
Get PDFAims: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of psychological birth order on perceived parental attitudes and early maladaptive schemas. Methods: In this study, the Psychological Birth Order Inventory, Perceived Parental Attitudes Scale-Child Form, and Young’s Schema Scale were used. The sample consisted of 189 women and 102 men. Relational and predictive analyses were conducted regarding birth order, psychological birth order, perceived parental attitudes, and schema domains. Results: There was a moderate positive relationship between the sibling rank of the women who participated in the study and the emotional deprivation schema area. For female participants, being the middle child was found to have a moderately positive relationship with emotional deprivation, dependence, pessimism, and defectiveness schemas. A weak positive relationship was found between being the middle child and emotional warmth maternal attitude, overprotective mother/father attitude, and rejecting father attitude scores. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between psychological birth.order and perceived parental attitudes as well as early maladaptive schemas
Investigating the effects of PTEN mutations on cGAS-STING pathway in glioblastoma tumours
Get PDFBackground: PTEN is a tumour suppressor gene and well-known for being frequently mutated in several cancer types. Loss of immunogenicity can also be attributed to PTEN loss, because of its role in establishing the tumour microenvironment. Therefore, this study aimed to represent the link between PTEN and cGAS-STING activity, a key mediator of inflammation, in tumour samples of glioblastoma patients. Methods: Tumour samples of 36 glioblastoma patients were collected. After DNA isolation, all coding regions of PTEN were sequenced and analysed. PTEN expression status was also evaluated by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical methods. Interferon-stimulated gene expressions, cGAMP activity, CD8 infiltration, and Granzyme B expression levels were determined especially for the evaluation of cGAS-STING activity and immunogenicity. Results: Mutant PTEN patients had significantly lower PTEN expression, both at mRNA and protein levels. Decreased STING, IRF3, NF-KB1, and RELA mRNA expressions were also found in patients with mutant PTEN. Immunohistochemistry staining of PTEN displayed expressional loss in 38.1% of the patients. Besides, patients with PTEN loss had considerably lower amounts of IFNB and IFIT2 mRNA expressions. Furthermore, CD8 infiltration, cGAMP, and Granzyme B levels were reduced in the PTEN loss group. Conclusion: This study reveals the immunosuppressive effects of PTEN loss in glioblastoma tumours via the cGAS-STING pathway. Therefore, determining the PTEN status in tumours is of great importance, like in situations when considering the treatment of glioblastoma patients with immunotherapeutic agents. © 2024, The Author(s).TGA-2019-20329; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAKThis work was supported by the Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination (TGA-2019-20329). We would like to thank Timur Kose for his statistical advice.Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)
The relationship between somatization, perceived parental attitude and state-trait anxiety in adults
Get PDFÇalışmanın temel amacı somatizasyon, kaygı ve algılanan ebeveyn tutumu değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda verilerin toplanmasında somatizasyon ölçeği, durumluk-sürekli kaygı ölçeği, kısaltılmış algılanan ebeveyn tutumu ölçeği – çocuk formu ve bireylerin demografik özelliklerini öğrenme amacıyla sosyo-demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında örneklemi internet üzerinden anket formu ile ulaşılmış 589 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Analiz sonucunda sürekli kaygı ve reddedici algılanan ebeveyn anne ve baba tutumunun somatizasyonu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde pozitif yönde yordadığı görülmüştür. Bir diğer ifadeyle somatizasyon, sürekli kaygı ve reddedici algılanan ebeveyn tutumu ile açıklanabilmiştir. Somatizasyonun %46'sı sürekli kaygı ve reddedici algılanan ebeveyn tutumu puanlarıyla açıklanmıştır. Sürekli kaygı ile reddedici algılanan ebeveyn tutumu puanları arasında, sürekli kaygı ve somatizasyon puanları arasında, reddedici algılanan ebeveyn tutumu ve somatizasyon puanları arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur.The main purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between somatization, anxiety and perceived parental attitude variables. In this direction, Somatization Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, Abbreviated Perceived Parental Attitude Scale - Child Form and Socio-demographic information form were used to learn the demographic characteristics of individuals. In this direction, the sample for data collection consisted of 570 individuals who were reached through a questionnaire form over the internet. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that trait anxiety and rejecting perceived parental attitude predicted somatization in a statistically significant positive direction. In other words, somatization can be explained by trait anxiety and rejecting perceived parental attitude. 46% of somatization is explained by trait anxiety and rejecting perceived parental attitude scores. Moderately significant relationships were found between trait anxiety and rejecting perceived parental attitude scores, between trait anxiety and somatization scores, and between rejecting perceived parental attitude and somatization scores
Girişimci İşletmelerin Pazarlamasında Dijital Teknolojilerin Oynadığı Temel Rol
Get PDFIn this day and age of digitization, businesses are required to immediately and effectively adapt to the ever-changing environmental conditions and devise marketing tactics that successfully guide customers. Utilizing digital platforms for marketing is becoming an increasingly crucial factor in any organization’s success. Entrepreneurial marketing is a newly emerging area of study that focuses on the marketing strategies and activities of small and newly established businesses. This study includes a comprehensive SWOT analysis examining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with the advantages, technologies, and practices of successful entrepreneurial marketing. The main goal of this study is to fill the gap in the literature on entrepreneurial marketing and conduct a SWOT analysis for entrepreneurial marketing strategies.Günümüzün dijitalleşme çağında, işletmelerin sürekli değişen çevre koşullarına anında ve etkili bir şekilde uyum sağlaması ve müşterileri başarılı bir şekilde yönlendirecek pazarlama taktikleri geliştirmesi gerekmektedir. Dijital platformların pazarlama için kullanılması, herhangi bir kuruluşun başarısında giderek daha önemli bir faktör haline geliyor. Girişimci pazarlama, küçük ve yeni kurulan işletmelerin pazarlama stratejilerine ve faaliyetlerine odaklanan, yeni ortaya çıkan bir çalışma alanıdır. Bu çalışma, başarılı girişimci pazarlamanın avantajları, teknolojileri ve uygulamalarıyla ilgili güçlü yönleri, zayıf yönleri, fırsatları ve tehditleri inceleyen kapsamlı bir SWOT analizini içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, girişimci pazarlama literatüründeki boşluğu doldurmak ve girişimci pazarlama stratejileri için bir SWOT analizi yapmaktır
The Mediating Role of Work Engagement in the Relationship Between Digital Leadership and Innovative Behavior and Organizational Agility
Get PDFIn parallel with the developments in information and communication technologies, the concept of digital leadership has emerged with the impact of current approaches such as Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. Digital leadership is a phenomenal type of leadership that manifests itself in organizations in the dimensions of managing technological processes, innovation, and change. Technological processes make change and innovation inevitable for individuals and societies, which has encouraged innovative behavior, creativity, and agility. This study aims to determine the extent to which the mediating effect of work engagement on the dimension of digital leadership and innovative behavior will be reflected in organizational agility. In this context, questionnaire forms were prepared and sent to 494 people. The data obtained were analyzed and evaluated by using Structural Equation Modelling in IBM SPSS and IBM AMOS programs. As a result of the analysis, the partial mediation effect of work engagement on the effect of digital leadership on organizational agility was determined. The partial mediating effect of work engagement on the effect of innovative behavior on organizational agility was determined. In the modeling in which digital leadership and innovative behavior take place in the organization simultaneously, full mediation for digital leadership and partial mediation for innovative behavior were determined. The result obtained reveals the dominance of digital leadership. It is thought that this result can be explained in line with the Social Information Processing Theory and Role Theory
Investigating the mediating role of general efficacy belief in the relationship between the meaning and purpose of life and the transformative power of suffering
Get PDFBu araştırma, 18 yaş ve üstü bireylerde hayatın anlam ve amacı ile acının dönüştürücü gücü arasındaki ilişkide genel yetkinlik inancının aracı rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Buna ek olarak hayatın anlam ve amacı, acının dönüştürücü gücü ve genel yetkinlik inancı düzeylerinin sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Araştırmada 438 katılımcıdan olmaktadır. Araştırmada Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Hayatın Anlamı ve Amacı Ölçeği, Acının Dönüştürücü Gücü Ölçeği ve Genel Yetkinlik İnancı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde Kolmogrov-Smirnov ve Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney-U testi, Kruskal Wallis, post hoc Benferroni, Spearman Korelasyon, Lineer Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda hayatın anlam ve amacının, acının dönüştürücü gücü üzerindeki etkisinde genel yetkinlik inancının kısmi aracı rol olduğu görülmüştür. Demografik değişkenlerden yakın çevreden birinin kaybı durumu ve kronik rahatsızlık durumu hariç diğer tüm değişkenler en az bir ölçek puanına göre farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Cinsiyet, medeni durum ve sabırlı olma durumunun tüm ölçek puanlarıyla anlamlı farklılaşmaktadır.This study aims to examine the mediating role of general efficacy beliefs in the relationship between the meaning and purpose of lise and the transformative power of suffering in individuals aged 18 and over. In addition, it was examined whether the levels of meaning and purpose of life, transformative power of suffering and general efficacy beliefs differ according to sociodemografik variables. There are 438 participants in this study. Sociodemografik Information Form, Meaning and Purpose of Life Scale, Transformative Power of Suffering Scale and General Efficacy Belief Scale were used in the study. Komogrov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk, Independent Sample t-test, Mann-Whitney-u test, Kruskal Wallis, post hoc Benferroni, Spearman Correlation, Linear Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data obtained from the research. As a result of the study, it was seen that general efficacy belief has a partial mediating role in the effect of meaning and purpose of life on the transformative power of suffering. Except for the demographic variables of loss of a close family member and chronic illness, all other variables were found to differ according to at least one scale score. Gender, marital status and being patient differ significantly with all scale scores
Instagram Story Effects Usage Scale (ISEUS): A Scale for User Tendencies in Social Media
Get PDFIn today's technology, especially on Instagram, story effects have been used frequently by women. These effects make the face perfect by performing aesthetic procedures and make-up on the face. As a result of this perfection, the use of Instagram story effects can negatively affect women's perceptions of beauty. Additionally, the usage of beauty affects might make women have poor body image by diminishing their self-esteem and confidence and raising their social anxiety. This may lead to a rise in young girls seeking plastic surgery, particularly during adolescence. A scale related to the use of Instagram story effects and its effect on the perception of beauty has not previously been developed in order to measure this situation. Including this scale in the literature will open the door for further research that will support and raise awareness of the issue. As a result, an 8-item Instagram Story Effects Usage Scale (ISEUS) was developed in this study using data from 147 Instagram story effects users. In order to reveal the construct validity of ISEUS, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. The results show that the developed scale's psychometric properties are satisfactory. ISEUS is intended to be used in a variety of research projects that bring together different disciplines. © 2024 The Authors
The Roles of the Terms of Trade and the Real Exchange Rate in the Current Account Balance
Get PDFTurkey has been suffering from a persistent deficit in its current account for decades. The connection between the oil price, the real exchange rate, the terms of trade, industrial production, the foreign direct investments, and the current account balance was investigated by using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. The exchange rate and industrial production accounted for the largest explanatory shares in the balance, according to variance decomposition, although their impacts diminished with time. The balance was also strongly influenced by the terms of trade. In the first few months, the oil price had a weak influence on the balance. However, its impact gradually grew over the course of the following periods. The impulse response functions showed that the exchange rate, industrial production, and terms of trade had a positive and significant effect on the current account balance in the short-term. Furthermore, the SVAR model was applied to the time frame before the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicated that although the basic findings for the exchange rate and industrial production remained unchanged, their explanatory significance for the current account balance decreased. As a consequence, the country must formulate fiscal and monetary strategies that are advantageous in mitigating the impact of these variables on the balance