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İlk Halka Arzların İlk Gün ve Kısa Dönem Getiri Performansları: Borsa İstanbul Şirketleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Get PDFIn this study, it is aimed to reveal whether underpricing and abnormal returns exist both on the first day and in the short term by looking at the first day returns and 30-day cumulative returns of 54 companies that made their initial public offerings on Borsa Istanbul in 2023.In addition, it was aimed to reveal the relationship between low pricing and abnormal returns and the industry in which the company is located. The first day returns and abnormal returns of each company were calculated with the first day return analysis method, using the first day returns of 54 companies that made public offerings for the first time in the period between January 01, 2023 and December 31, 2023, and the stock price data of the first 30 trading days.Then, using cumulative abnormal return analysis, cumulative stock returns and cumulative abnormal returns of all companies were calculated. According to the findings, it was observed that there were negative returns and underpricing in 2 stocks in the initial public offerings, both in the first day returns and in the 30-day cumulative returns. It was concluded that 52 of the 54 companies included in the study had abnormal returns in their first day and cumulative returns. In the study, which included many different industries, it was revealed that underpricing existed on the first day and in the short term in public offerings, but this situation could not be directly attributed to the industry in which the company was located.Bu çalışmada, 2023 yılında Borsa İstanbul’da ilk kez halka arzı gerçekleşen 54 şirketin ilk gün getirileri ile 30 günlük kümülatif getirilerine bakılarak hem ilk gün hem de kısa dönemde düşük fiyatlandırmanın ve anormal getirinin var olup olmadığının ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca düşük fiyatlandırma ve anormal getirilerin şirketin bulunduğu sektör ile ilişkisi ortaya koyulmak istenmiştir. Veri seti olarak 01 Ocak 2023- 31 Aralık 2023 döneminde ilk defa halka arzı gerçekleşen 54 şirketin ilk gün getirileri ile ilk 30 işlem gününün hisse senedi fiyat verileri kullanılarak ilk gün getiri analizi yöntemi ile her bir şirketin ilk gün hisse getirileri ve anormal getirileri hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra kümülatif anormal getiri analizi kullanılarak, bütün şirketlerin kümülatif hisse getirileri ve kümülatif anormal getirileri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre ilk halka arzlarda hem ilk gün getirisinde hem de 30 günlük kümülatif getirilerde 2 hisse senedinde negatif getiri olduğu ve düşük fiyatlandırmanın var olduğu sonucu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmaya dâhil edilen 54 şirketten 52’sinin ise ilk gün ve kümülatif getirilerinde anormal getirilerinin var olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Birçok farklı sektörün yer aldığı çalışmada, halka arzlarda ilk gün ve kısa dönemde düşük fiyatlandırmanın var olduğu ancak bu durumun direkt olarak şirketin bulunduğu sektöre bağlanılamayacağı ortaya konulmuştur
AI in marketing
Get PDFIn recent times, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an essential component in marketing, leading to the generation of large amounts of data and information, as well as advancements in management software and algorithms. The goal of artificial intelligence is to intelligently imitate human behavior. Artificial intelligence is a rapidly expanding technology, industry, and field of study. AI not only enhances existing marketing strategies, but also introduces innovative ways to deliver value to customers. AI also plays an important role in helping marketers manage marketing projects, support them, create content, and perform other tasks. Research shows that a lack of understanding of AI's capabilities and failed implementation efforts can create additional obstacles for organizations, including investment risks, ethical dilemmas, data issues, recruitment challenges, and negative environmental impacts. Despite being designed to reduce the workload of employees, human intervention is necessary in roles such as management, supervision, and innovation. © 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved
The DUNE far detector vertical drift technology Technical design report
Get PDF[No abstract available]Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) [DE-AC02-07CH11359]This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359
Reflections of mythology in the bosphorus: Cyanean Rocks and the Pillar of Pompey
Get PDFFilmin, mitolojideki Altın Post ve Argo Denizcileri efsanesinde bahsi geçtiği düşünülen ve antik dönemde çok çeşitli isimlerle anılan Kyaneai Kayaları'nı ve Avrupa Kyaneaisi üzerindeki Pompei Sütunu isimli tarihi eseri inceleyen ve bunu açıklayıcı tarzda gösteren kısa metrajlı bir belgesel film olması tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın kuramsal altyapısı oluşturulurken gerçekleştirilen literatür taraması ile metinlerarasılık ve göstergelerarasılık kapsamında sinema-resim ilişkisi üzerinde durulmuş, filmde yer alan örnek kullanımlar ile bu bağın gerçekleştirildiği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunlara ilaveten Fransız yazar André Thevet'nin 1554 tarihli "Cosmographie de Levant" adlı kitabında yer alan iki hatalı illüstrasyon aracılığıyla, Avrupa Kyaneaisi üzerinde bulunan ve sütun kısmı devrilmiş olan Roma Zafer anıtına neden "Pompei Sütunu" adı verilmiş olabileceğine dair bir iz bulunmuştur.The film is intended to be a short documentary that examines the Cyanean Rocks, which are thought to be mentioned in the myth of the Golden Fleece and the Argonauts in mythology, and which were called by various names in ancient times, and the historical artifact called the Pillar of Pompey on European Cyanean Rocks and shows it in an expository mode. With the literature review carried out while creating the theoretical infrastructure of the study, the cinema-painting relationship within the scope of intertextuality and intersemiotics was emphasized, and it was tried to show that this connection was realized with the example uses in the film. In addition, through two incorrect illustrations in the book "Cosmographie de Levant" dated 1554 by the French writer André Thevet, a trace was found as to why the Roman Victory monument located on European Cyanean Rocks, whose column part has been toppled, might have been called the "Pillar of Pompey"
Evaluation of Blockchain Technology for Supply Chains using an Integrated Fuzzy Cognitive Map-QFD Methodology
Get PDFThe rapid advancement of technology has made it imperative for supply chains to adapt to the changing landscape. Blockchain technology holds immense potential to transform supply chain processes, but the challenge lies in identifying the most suitable blockchain characteristics to meet the various performance indicators of a supply chain. To overcome this challenge, this study aims to prioritize the most critical blockchain characteristics in a supply chain. The study adopts a two-stage Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology to rank blockchain characteristics based on supply chain and software requirements. The methodology evaluates the supply chain performance indicators using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and software needs using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) software quality characteristics. After determining the problematic SCOR and ISO software-related metrics, the study utilizes the QFD Stage 1 to obtain the weights of ISO software characteristics and employs the Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) to determine the most crucial blockchain characteristics for QFD Stage 2. The results of this study show that the top priorities for blockchain characteristics in a supply chain are smart contract functionality, privacy, transaction per second, tokenization, security, permissioned network, scalability, cost, modularity, and licensing, in order of importance
Evaluating the campus climate factors using an interval type-2 fuzzy ANP
Get PDFUniversity campuses, characterized by their urban amenities, socio-cultural atmosphere, and diverse user population, play a significant role as public places in small cities. The physical layout of campus locations influences our views toward schooling. The concept of an inclusive campus climate refers to how people and groups perceive and interact with the environment within the campus community. The campus atmosphere encompasses the variety of people, their unique experiences, and the interpersonal contact among them. The membership functions of type -1 (T1) fuzzy sets (FSs) are represented in two dimensions, whereas the membership functions of type -2 (T2) FSs are represented in three dimensions. The introduction of this new third dimension allows for the direct modeling of uncertainties by providing more degrees of freedom. In addition, the membership value of T2 FSs is more adept at managing ambiguities. In this paper, an interval type -2 fuzzy analytic network process (IT2 FANP) is used to evaluate the weight of criteria decided by experts in the evaluation of campus climate factors with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the campus climate factors using an IT2 FANP methodology. For this problem, the three main criteria and nine subcriteria were defined by experts. Therefore, the ranking of main criteria is Physical Environment > Conceptual Environment > Administrative Environment, and the ranking of subcriteria is found as Social Environment > Exterior > Interior > Cultural Environment > Psychological Environment > Inclusive Goal and Perception > Economic Factors > Accreditation > Legislation on Inclusive Design by IT2 FANP methodology
First measurement of the total inelastic cross section of positively charged kaons on argon at energies between 5.0 and 7.5 GeV
Get PDFProtoDUNE Single-Phase (ProtoDUNE-SP) is a 770-ton liquid argon time projection chamber that operated in a hadron test beam at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2018. We present a measurement of the total inelastic cross section of charged kaons on argon as a function of kaon energy using 6 and 7 GeV/c beam momentum settings. The flux-weighted average of the extracted inelastic cross section at each beam momentum setting was measured to be 380 +/- 26 mbarns for the 6 GeV/c setting and 379 +/- 35 mbarns for the 7 GeV/c setting.Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA) [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; CNPq, Brazil; FAPERJ, Brazil; FAPEG, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, Canada; NSERC, Canada; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, European Union; H2020-EU, European Union; MSCA, European Union; CEA, France; INFN, Italy; NRF, South Korea; Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, Spain; MICINN, Spain; Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; Royal Society, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; IPP, Canada; CERN; CNRS/IN2P3, France; FCT, Portugal; CAM, Spain; Fundacion La Caixa, Spain; SERI, Switzerland; UKRI/STFC, United KingdomThe ProtoDUNE-SP detector was constructed and operated on the CERN Neutrino Platform. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the CERN management and the CERN EP, BE, TE, EN, and IT Departments for NP04/ProtoDUNE-SP. This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG, and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP, and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MSMT, Czech Republic; ERDF, H2020-EU, and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundacion La Caixa, Junta de Andalucia-FEDER, MICINN, and Xunta de Galicia, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TUBITAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
An intelligent algorithm for energy efficiency optimization in software-defined wireless sensor networks for 5G communications
Get PDFWireless communications have lately experienced substantial exploitation because they provide a lot of flexibility for data delivery. It provides connection and mobility by using air as a medium. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are now the most popular wireless technologies. They need a communication infrastructure that is both energy and computationally efficient, which is made feasible by developing the best communication protocol algorithms. The internet of things (IoT) paradigm is anticipated to be heavily reliant on a networking architecture that is currently in development and dubbed software-defined WSN. Energy-efficient routing design is a key objective for WSNs. Cluster routing is one of the most commonly used routing techniques for extending network life. This research proposes a novel approach for increasing the energy effectiveness and longevity of software-defined WSNs. The major goal is to reduce the energy consumption of the cluster routing protocol using the firefly algorithm and high-efficiency entropy. According to the findings of the simulation, the suggested method outperforms existing algorithms in terms of system performance under various operating conditions. The number of alive nodes determined by the proposed algorithm is about 42.06% higher than Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering with firefly algorithm (DEEC-FA) and 13.95% higher than Improved Firefly Clustering IFCEER and 12.05% higher than another referenced algorithm.MSIT Korea under the NRF Korea [NRF- 2022R1A2C4001270]; Innovative Human Resource Development for Local Intellectualization support program [IITP-2023-RS-2022-00156360]This research was supported by the MSIT Korea under the NRF Korea (NRF- 2022R1A2C4001270) and the Innovative Human Resource Development for Local Intellectualization support program (IITP-2023-RS-2022-00156360) supervised by the IITP
Evaluation of the efficiency of Turkish red crescent national blood services in the 6th of February Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
Get PDFÇalışma, 6 Şubat depremleri sonrasında Kızılay Kan Hizmetlerinin müdahale, afet öncesi ve sonrası kan stokları yönetimi, kan bağışı ve dağıtım faaliyetlerini araştırmaktadır. Depremin ardından Kızılay'ın ulusal seferberliği ile toplamda 196.753 ünite kan bağışı alınmış ve hastanelere yaralılar için kesintisiz kan ürünü sağlanmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre, çalışanların afet durumlarında kan hizmetleri yönetimiyle ilgili prosedür ve uygulamaları genel olarak yeterli bulduğu, ancak bazı iyileştirme gerektiren alanların olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma ayrıca çalışanların afetlere hazırlık ve müdahale kapsamındaki kanaatlerini incelenmiş, bulgular, Kızılay'ın afetlere hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde müdahale etme kapasitesine ve afet sırasında artan kan ihtiyacını karşılama konusundaki başarısına işaret etmiştir. Ayrıca, afetler sırasında kan bağışı çağrılarına yanıt ve karşılaşılan zorluklara yönelik çözüm stratejileri gibi belirli alanlarda iyileştirmelerin gerekli olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Tez, Kızılay'ın afetlere hazırlık, müdahale ve iyileştirme kapasitesini artırmak için öneriler sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda afet bölgesinde çalışan personelin hem fiziksel hem de psikolojik olarak desteklenmesi, ayrıca afetlere karşı kan hizmetleri altyapısının dirençli hale getirilmesi için altyapı güçlendirme, mobil kan bankalarının artırılması ve afet durum planlarının güncellenmesi gibi stratejik adımları önermektedir. Çalışma, afet durumlarında kan hizmetlerinin yönetimine dair kapsamlı bir bakış sunarak toplumsal dirençliliğe ve bu alandaki politika ve uygulamaların geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır.This study investigates the Kızılay Blood Services' response, management of blood stocks before and after the disaster, blood donation, and distribution activities following the 6 February earthquakes. After the earthquake, with the national mobilization of the Kızılay a total of 196,753 units of blood donations were collected, and uninterrupted blood products were provided to hospitals for the injured. According to survey results, employees generally found the procedures and practices related to blood services management in disaster situations adequate, but identified some areas requiring improvement. The study also examined employees' opinions on disaster preparedness and response, indicating findings that point to the Kızılay's capacity to respond quickly and effectively to disasters and its success in meeting the increased need for blood during disasters. Additionally, the need for improvements in specific areas, such as response to blood donation calls during disasters and solutions to encountered challenges, was identified. The thesis offers recommendations to enhance the Kızılay's capacity for disaster preparedness, response, and improvement. In this context, it suggests strategic steps such as supporting the physical and psychological well-being of staff working in disaster areas, strengthening the infrastructure to make blood services more resilient against disasters, increasing mobile blood banks, and updating disaster plans. The study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the management of blood services in disaster situations, contributing to community resilience and the development of policies and practices in this area
