Middle Tennessee State University
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A Series of Character-Education Lesson Plans Based on Biblical Characteristics
No full textKEYWORDS: Bible; Student-centered; Character-based Education; Elementary education; Lesson Plan
Knowledge and Strategies of Heat Acclimation and Heat Acclimatization in Elite Runners
No full textABSTRACT
Events such as the Summer Olympic Games and the World Athletic Championships are held each year in hot and humid conditions. Heat stress negatively affects endurance performance and imposes safety concerns for elite runners. The purpose of this dissertation was to highlight heat acclimation (HA) and heat acclimatization (HAz) knowledge and strategies in elite middle- and long-distance runners from Kenya and the United States (US). In the first study, elite runners were surveyed on their HA and HAz knowledge and their history of exertional heat illness (EHI). In the second study, strategies of both HA and HAz and how the runners perceived their effectiveness were investigated. Participants (N =30) were recruited through an email sent directly to the elite runners or coaches and completed an online survey. Knowledge scores were similar for Kenya (M = 50.0, SD = 15.1) and US (M = 57.6, SD = 16.5) runners (mean difference = -7.53, 95% CL [ -20.23, 5.16]). The were no significant differences in HA and HAz strategies used (p > .05). Perceptions of effectiveness were similar for the Kenya (M = 6.7, SD = 1.9) and US (M = 8.0, SD = 1.5) runners (mean difference = -1.26, 95% CL [ -2.60, 0.08]). Overall, there were no significant differences between the US and the Kenya elite middle-and long-distance runners in respect to the level of HA and HAz knowledge, reported history and symptoms of EHI, choice of HA and HAz strategies, and how their perceived effectiveness. Coaches and professionals in charge of elite runners should continue to develop comprehensive guidelines and education initiatives on combating heat stress. Universal HA and HAz protocols that adequately prepare elite runners for competitions hot and humid conditions are encouraged.Ph.D
The Recording and Manipulation of Natural Sounds into a Musical Work
No full textKEYWORDS: Field recording; audio production; music; nature; biomusic; electronic music; musique concrète; birds; insects; hiking; backpacking; camping; recording; mixing; psychoacoustics; acoustics; soundscapes; recording industr
INNOVATION AND COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF SMALL-SCALE ENERGY HARVESTING WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION WHILE CONVERTING ROTATIONAL INPUT TO LINEAR MOTION WITH A CRANK-SLIDER MECHANISM
No full textAmbient power sources such as wind and vibrations are resources harvested to provide clean and renewable energy to offset the use of fossil fuels. Experimental energy harvesting from fluid flow, specifically from airflow, is typically restricted to rotational movement combined with a rotor and stator design or a model that periodically strikes a piezoelectric. Alternatively, energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations routinely uses the linear motion of a magnet passing through a coil or vibrating piezoelectric elements. Although wind harvesting is typically relegated to large-scale production, significant research has gone into creating innovative small-scale wind harvesters. The viability of these harvesting mechanisms, both wind and vibration, are highly dependent upon their power density, which is determined by the amount of voltage generated per device or per volume.
Utilizing such an approach, we have designed, developed, and extensively tested rotational to linear harvesting which utilizes a crank-slider mechanism. Our study includes computational modeling utilizing COMSOL, established kinematic and transduction formulas as a method to provide theoretical predictions of the design and validation of our final output. Furthermore, our research highlights the advantages over alternative designs, demonstrating the more consistent and higher average voltage output, lower wind speed operation, and ability to increase output by easily incrementing the number of dynamo cylinders without expanding the overall footprint.
At 0.5 Hz, a single crank-slider generated a voltage of 0.176 Vpp with an output power of 0.147 mW, whereas the reference harvester generated 0.14 mW at 1.0 Hz with a 0.432 Vpp. A single crank-slider operating at regulated frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 Hz, with a stroke length of 50 mm generated continuous power of 0.147, 0.452, 2.00, and 4.48 mW, respectively. When joining two crank-sliders into the V-Twin formation, we found that under ambient wind speeds of 3.4 and 4.1 m/s, with the optimized configuration, in which the coils and loads were both connected in series, the device generated 27.0 and 42.2 mW, respectively.
The multicylinder design incorporates six crank-slider mechanisms into a low profile harvester by modifying the crank portion. This allows the device to output higher power while operating at lower wind speeds. Furthermore, this device included a rectifier to convert from AC to DC, a capacitor to clean the output signal, a 5 V regulator, and a smaller diameter copper wire that allowed for more turns in each coil. Under a regulated low wind speed of 2.4 m/s and across a 305 ohm load, the device had a rotational frequency of 0.76 Hz and a power output of 1.2 mW. At a regulated wind speed of 4.9 m/s the rotational frequency was 7.25 Hz and the output 421.9 mW. Additional tests were performed under real world conditions. First, at a rotational frequency of 6 Hz the device was used to charge a 3.7 V 46 mAh smart watch and a 10,000 mAh 10.5 W power bank charger. The smart watch took approximately 1.4 minutes to charge 1% and the power bank took 1.1 hours. A second real word test was done by placing the device outside in uncontrolled windy conditions. In one scenario, at an average wind speed of 2.39 m/s, the harvester was able to charge the smart watch 1% in approximately 1 hour. The second scenario used a 305 ohm load in wind speeds reaching 10.1 m/s at which point the harvesters output peaked at 1.21 W resulting in a power density of 19.98 W/m3.Ph.D
Rolling with the Originals: A Personal Foray (Autoethnography) into Gender Roles in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu as Experienced in Brazil and the US
No full textThis thesis compares the practice of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in Brazil and the United States of America in relation to identity formation and negotiation, particularly gender identities. I expand on the idea that within the context of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ), identities among practitioners are negotiated differently than in broader society. I discuss how the nature of BJJ may affect how others view women’s identities both in and out of that context. I also argue that gender identity may not be paramount in the negotiation of interactions but may be one of several influences on the roles people take in the sport. The methodological approach used is autoethnography– an approach utilizing lived experience as evidence with which to explore cultural phenomena (Adams et al. 2017). It is an approach that recognizes that critical exploration of one’s own experiences can provide cultural insight in a way that other quantitative or large-scale studies cannot
Investigating the Ecology and Thermal Biology of the Exotic Cladoceran Daphnia lumholtzi
No full textDaphnia lumholtzi is a microcrustacean with tropical origins in Africa and parts of Asia and Australia. The species was found in US reservoirs approximately thirty years ago where it is thought to have been introduced with fish imported from Africa. D. lumholtzi apparently colonized reservoirs by expanding during the summer when water temperatures rise and native Daphnia populations decline, suggesting that the species would only thrive in warm reservoirs during the summer months. However, D. lumholtzi has spread throughout North America and continues to expand into new areas. D. lumholtzi has been studied mostly in reservoirs, and less is known about the species’ establishment in other environments. In 2002, D. lumholtzi was discovered in the Mobile-Tensaw Delta (MTD), providing an opportunity to study its distribution in a unique environment. In this study, surveys in the MTD and in Weeks Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve (WBNERR) found that D. lumholtzi occurred in low abundance in the upper MTD but was not detected in the lower delta or in WBNERR, where salinity levels are higher. In the MTD, D. lumholtzi was more likely to be present in the fall compared to native Daphnia. Laboratory experiments showed that there is no difference in the upper thermal tolerance limits between D. lumholtzi and the native Daphnia ambigua collected from the MTD. These studies show that D. lumholtzi populations are currently present in freshwater areas of the MTD and have likely been established since at least 2002. There are seasonal differences in the distributions of D. lumholtzi and native Daphnia, but these do not appear to be solely due to differences in their thermal tolerances. To better understand D. lumholtzi invasion biology in the MTD, laboratory studies are needed to characterize the effects of high and low temperatures on life history traits of D. lumholtzi and native Daphnia from this area. Field and laboratory studies are needed to determine the effects of salinity on D. lumholtzi distribution in coastal environments. Ph.D
Fractured Images: A Collection of Poetry Exploring Neurodivergent Women and Intimate Partner Violence
No full textMany women who are the victims of intimate partner violence have identifiable
risk factors, among which are recognizable traits of mental illnesses such as autism,
anxiety, ADHD, and depression. My hypothesis is that women with these conditions are
victimized because predators recognize these traits as vulnerabilities, which are then
exploited through manipulation and isolation tactics. This work is a collection of poetry
and memoirs that provide personal insight into the mind and emotions of a woman in this
vicious cycle, alongside academic research that offers context and other essential
information. My goal is to foster understanding and empathy for neurodivergent women
who have lived through intimate partner violence, as well as insight for the women in
these situations on their healing journey
LEARNING PURITY: EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN GROWING UP CATHOLIC IN THE U.S. DEEP SOUTH
No full textThis qualitative research design examines the experiences of individuals who were raised as girls and young women in the Catholic church in the United States Deep South. I conducted 17 semi-structured interviews. I ask, how have women and girls in the Catholic church learned what it means to be “pure”? How, and what, did women and girls who grew up in the Catholic Church learn about reproductive beliefs and freedom? How, and what, did women and girls who grew up in the Catholic Church learn about intimacy? How, and what, have women and girls in the Catholic church been taught to think of pregnancy and children? I conceptualize “doing purity” as a theoretical concept to explain how women and girls in this context learn how being a woman or a girl is inextricably linked with their purity and acting and being pure. Findings include the themes: “doing” purity, sex education, intimate relationships, and pregnancy and children. “Doing” purity provides the groundwork for an analysis of what it means for Catholic and Christian institutions to uphold sexualized violence, sexual abuse, women’s submission, and traditional gender roles. Effects on participants are discussed in the results section of thesis, and the conclusion provides a discussion about sexualized violence and effects of “doing purity.” Limitations and future research are also discussed.M.A
From 'Makes Others Know Your State' to 'Just Representation': State Historical Markers, Public Policy, and Public History
No full textScholars have long recognized that historical markers are more of a reflection of their authors and their motivations than an objective narrative of historical events. However, for the most part scholars have failed to adequately investigate the political and cultural structure in which these authors worked. Scholars have relied on assumptions about makers’ motivations or influences and have not actually examined the archival sources that recorded their decisions and reasons. By comparatively analyzing the historical marker programs in Michigan, South Carolina, and Tennessee, this dissertation shows that laws, regulations, politics, and institutional culture directly affect historical marker texts, marker design, installation location, and their general accessibility. Policies often dictate which topics may be addressed and which may not. The structure of programs places differing amounts of power into different hands, which may be a sponsoring organization, professional government historians, or political appointees. Power dynamics affect administrative processes, which further influence which markers are created, which areas of history they examine, and which are ignored. Funding sources also have a very real effect on which markers are installed and which are not, as does legislation and professional practice outside of marker programs. By examining the policies and structures of marker programs, we can understand how state historical markers developed from a tool of heritage tourism to a powerful Public History tool that tells a fuller story of all Americans.Ph.D
Development of a PNN Pincer Ligand and Its Iron and Cobalt Complexes for Selective Catalytic Amide Synthesis
No full textThe formation of amide bonds from carboxylic acids and amines has been the commercially available route for decades, enabling the synthesis of various compounds used in industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to polyurethanes. However, these conventional methods of synthesis have significant sustainability challenges, as they generate copious amounts of waste, produce harmful by-products, and rely on the use of toxic chemicals. Given the increasing demand for amide-containing compounds and the environmental drawbacks associated with traditional synthesis routes, researchers have been prompted to explore more sustainable approaches to amide bond formation, aligning with the principles of Green Chemistry. [1], [2], [3]
In this paper, we report the design and synthesis of cobalt (II) and iron (II) complexes with a new type of PNN pincer ligand to facilitate selective amide formation during an alcohol and amine coupling reaction. We propose two new pincer ligands, PhPNHN and iPrPNHN, that are designed to allow for modes of metal-ligand cooperativity (MLC) in order to expand on the versatility of their chemical functions. The metal complexes provide an opportunity for a fundamental understanding of the key mechanistic steps in selective amide formation in addition to structure-reactivity relationships to improve future catalyst design. With the support of single crystal X-ray crystallography, 31P NMR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry we report the successful synthesis of a new type of PhPNHN pincer ligand and two new organometallic complexes.M.S