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Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of bee venom against multi-drug resistant pathogens
No full textBee venom with an antimicrobial effect is a powerful natural product. One of the most important areas where new antimicrobials are needed is in the prevention and control of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Today, antibacterial products used to treat multi-drug resistant pathogen infections in hospitals and healthcare facilities are insufficient to prevent colonisation and spread, and new products are needed. The aim of the study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of the bee venom (BV), a natural substance, on the species of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis, Carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli, Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. As a result of this study, it was found that MIC90 and MBC90 values ranged from 6.25 & mu;g/mL - 12.5 & mu;g/mL and numbers of bacteria decreased by 4-6 logs within 1-24 h for multi-drug resistant pathogens. In particular, Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolate decreased 6 log cfu/mL at 50 & mu;g/mL and 100 & mu;g/mL concentrations in the first hour. The effective bacterial inhibition rate of bee venom suggests that it could be a potential antibacterial agent for multi-drug resistant pathogens. Contribution: The treatment options of antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a major problem in both veterinary and human medicine fields. We have detected a high antibacterial effect against these agents in this bee venom study, which is a natural product. Apitherapy is a fashionable treatment method all over the world and is used in many areas of health. Bee venom is also a product that can be used as a drug or disinfectant raw material and can fill the natural product gap that can be used against resistant bacteria
Bismuth film based electrochemical hydroxymethylfurfural sensor
No full textA simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on bismuth film that was coated onto a carbon paste electrode was prepared and used for hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) detection. It was observed that bismuth film electrode (BiFE) greatly accelerated the electron transfer rate and showed excellent electrochemical activity for the oxidation of HMF compared to bare electrode. The effects of bismuth concentration, deposition potential, and deposition time on the responses of BiFE for the detection of HMF were optimized. As an analytical characteristic parameter, oxidation peak current was linearly related to HMF concentration in the range of 0.01 mu M to 40 mu M with a limit of detection value of 0.363 mu M. Also, when selectivity studies were conducted, it was observed that BiFE had no interfering effect in the presence of three fold concentrations of coexisting similar structures compared to that of HMF. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully applied for the sensitive determination of HMF in various food samples with satisfactory recoveries
The Care Burden and Difficulties Experienced by Parents Caring for a Child with Cancer
No full textWorldwide, one in 700 children up to the age of 14, or about 160,000 children, will be diagnosed with a new cancer. Complications caused by pediatric cancer treatments and the disease affect the quality of life of the child and his or her family. Parents of children with cancer have many tasks to perform, such as monitoring the child’s symptoms, controlling and ensuring the child’s well-being, providing emotional support to the child, planning and managing care, and landscaping to ensure the child’s safety. For this reason, families struggle with physical, psychological, social, and economic issues when caring for children with cancer. This review addresses the problems caregiving burdens of parents caring for children with cancer
Investigation of the mechanical properties of polyurethane foam-filled FDM-printed honeycomb core sandwich composites for aircraft
No full textSandwich composites are widely used in aerospace materials thanks to their low weight and high strength properties. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of polyurethane foam filling on honeycomb core structures produced by additive manufacturing in terms of mechanical strength and moisture absorption properties. Within the scope of the study, honeycomb structures were produced by a 3D printer using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Then, the honeycomb core was filled with polyurethane foam, which is supplied in liquid form. After the core material was given its final form, it was combined with an epoxy and carbon fibre facesheet material using the vacuum infusion technique. After the sandwich composite production was completed, in-plane compression, three-point bending, shear, and moisture absorption tests were applied. The polyurethane foam filling greatly increased the mechanical strength, but slightly more moisture absorption occurred in this structure compared to a hollow honeycomb structure
Metaheuristic approaches for solving multiobjective optimization problems
No full textMultiobjective optimization problems (MOOPs) require optimizing two or more, often conflicting objectives. The wide application of MOOPs has attracted the attention of researchers in academics and industry; therefore, a great deal of effort has been made to develop effective approaches toward solving MOOPs. In this chapter, we introduce a new metaheuristic approach called multiobjective electric fish optimization (MOEFO). The proposed approach is based on the Electric Fish Optimization (EFO) algorithm, a recently proposed metaheuristic algorithm for single-objective problems. Since EFO has achieved significant performance on solving different types of problems such as constrained and unconstrained problems, it is extended here for solving MOOPs efficiently. The proposed approach is compared with well-known meta-heuristics in the literature, and the experimental results show that MOEFO is among the best algorithms for solving MOOPs within a competitive running time. Moreover, it becomes very competitive for solving challenging Many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) having four or more objectives
Modeling of Tunnel Boring Machine Performance Employing Random Forest Algorithm
No full textPrediction of tunnel boring machine (TBM) performance is still a challenging research subject in engineering geology, geotechnical engineering, and tunnel engineering communities. The longest railway tunnel with approximately 10 km, the Bahce-Nurdagi tunnel, was projected as twin tubes and TBM excavation. One of these tubes was successfully completed and the other is under construction. In this study, the geological and geotechnical parameters of the tunnel route and basic TBM parameters were used to predict the TBM performance. For the purpose of the study, a data set including 5334 cases was compiled. The analyses were performed in two phases, the first phase was performed employing only geological and geotechnical parameters while the basic TBM parameters were considered in the second phase analyses. Although the ANN and ANN-fuzzy models yielded acceptable results, the results clearly showed that the random forest algorithm was superior among all other methods for the data used. The results also revealed that the basic TBM parameters should be considered with advanced modeling techniques needed for a successful prediction model for TBM performance
Meeting Contemporary Challenges: Development of Nanomaterials for Veterinary Medicine
No full textIn recent decades, nanotechnology has been rapidly advancing in various fields of human activity, including veterinary medicine. The review presents up-to-date information on recent advancements in nanotechnology in the field and an overview of the types of nanoparticles used in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry, their characteristics, and their areas of application. Currently, a wide range of nanomaterials has been implemented into veterinary practice, including pharmaceuticals, diagnostic devices, feed additives, and vaccines. The application of nanoformulations gave rise to innovative strategies in the treatment of animal diseases. For example, antibiotics delivered on nanoplatforms demonstrated higher efficacy and lower toxicity and dosage requirements when compared to conventional pharmaceuticals, providing a possibility to solve antibiotic resistance issues. Nanoparticle-based drugs showed promising results in the treatment of animal parasitoses and neoplastic diseases. However, the latter area is currently more developed in human medicine. Owing to the size compatibility, nanomaterials have been applied as gene delivery vectors in veterinary gene therapy. Veterinary medicine is at the forefront of the development of innovative nanovaccines inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. The paper provides a brief overview of current topics in nanomaterial safety, potential risks associated with the use of nanomaterials, and relevant regulatory aspects
High trophic similarity between non-native common carp and gibel carp in Turkish freshwaters: Implications for management
No full textAlthough the detrimental ecological and economic effects of introducing freshwater fish species have been extensively documented, non-native freshwater fishes continue to be introduced in large numbers globally to enhance fisheries and aquaculture. In Turkey, stocking of common carp Cyprinus carpio is practised to provide food security for people and job security for artisanal fishers, resulting in a country-wide distribution. These stockings, however, increase the risk of accidental introductions and have led to introductions and subsequent invasions of gibel carp Carassius gibelio, a globally invasive and highly detrimental fish species. Here, we assessed the growth types, body conditions and trophic interactions via bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of common and gibel carp in both natural and artificial water bodies in Turkey. The results indicated that common and gibel carp express similar growth types and body conditions in all waters and have similar trophic ecologies. This leads to substantial trophic niche overlaps in waters where they co-occur, with the potential for strong interspecific competition. Considering the ongoing stocking of common carp for fishery enhancement, we recommend to specifically target these stockings in waters where gibel carp has already become invasive. Our findings, indeed, suggest that common carp releases have the potential to hamper invasive gibel carp populations by increasing the competitive interactions between the two species
Mass movement evaluation in deformed clastic rock with InSAR technique
No full textThis study uses multitemporal InSAR images to assess different types of mass movements occurring in the Seydikemer (Mugla, SW Turkiye) district. A major highway connecting the Fethiye district and Antalya province and numerous small settlements of various sizes are found in the study area. In terms of summer tourism, they are Turkiye's most well-known locations. Since the 1960s, at least according to official records, mass movements in this area have been known to negatively impact human life. Some areas have even been declared disaster zones for this reason. However, the movement's size, type, and susceptibility to landslides have all been studied in the last 10-15 years. With satellite images and field studies, distinctive lobate-shaped movements were classified as inactive and active. During fieldwork, characteristic features such as rough topography and bending trees were easily observed and indicated extremely slow and large-scale movement. In this study, it was found that movement less than 7-8 mm/year could be classified as 'extremely slow' mass movement like a 'creep', and moving up to 43 mm/year was evaluated as 'very slow' movement and 'earth slide' on a rigid surface. The examined moving masses with lobate geometry are activated by natural factors such as valley slope direction, stream bed flow direction, erosion of the toe of the river valleys, earthquakes, excessive precipitation, or human activities such as road opening.
This study is aimed to evaluating different types of mass movements developing in the Seydikemer (Mugla, Turkiye) district by using multitemporal InSAR. It has been determined that moving masses with lobate geometry are activated because of natural factors such as valley slope direction, stream bed flow direction, erosion of the toe of the river valleys, earthquakes, excessive precipitation, or human activities such as road opening, which can be classified as earthflow if they do not encounter an obstacl
TDDFT-DFT Theoretical Method and Topological Analysis to the Behavior Understanding of Two Tungsten Carbonyl Complexes
No full text: The purpose this research was to study the decomposition of phenol in water under the influence of UV radiation in the presence of nanoparticles TiO2 and methyl-3-amicrotonate.The photochemical decomposition of phenol in the presence of UV in a system of TiO2+N containing substances was carried out. The TiO2 nanoparticles used in the reaction had a size from 10 to 30 nm and belonged to the rutile phase. Nano-TiO2 was studied by X-ray diffraction, TEM and SEM methods. All the XRD peaks were well-defined and corresponded to rutile phase TiO2. From the line broadening of the (101) diffraction peak by Scherrer's method, the average crystal size TiO2 is about 10.3. The specific surface areas for TiO2 is 159.6 m2/g. X-ray structure analysis Fig of the studied nanocomposite materials were recorded on the Rigaku Mini Flex 600s powder diffractometer. X-ray tube with copper anode (Cu-K alpha radiation, 30 kV and mA) was used to draw the diffraction specters at room temperature. At 2 theta = 20 degrees-80 degrees with discrete growth mode these specters were obtained as Delta 2 theta = 0.05 degrees and the exposure time was Tau =5 seconds.The photochemical process lasted 1 hour using a very small amount of white powder and 0.05 gr of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel method and N-containing substance. For the process 1 mgL-1of phenol solution was used. The process was monitored with a spectrophotometer "Varian Cary 50". After the photochemical decomposition of phenol, the reaction product was analyzed on an Agilent 6980N/5975 by the method GC-MSD. The goal was to determine the percentage of photochemical decomposition of phenol in TiO2+N system and 60% decomposition of phenol was defined