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Antimicrobial screening to molecular docking of newly synthesized ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazole
No full textObjective: Microbial diseases are snowballing at an alarming proportion. Therefore, the intent of this study was to inspect the antimicrobial action of ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazole against various human pathogenic Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal microbial strains. Pyrazoles have been recognized for over a century as a significant and bioactive class of heterocyclic compounds. The association of pyrazoles with a ferrocene moiety may give new class of compounds. The present study was designed to synthesize biological active ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazole through a novel route.
Methods: The anhydride of ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazole, namely, (S)-(3-(3-(carboxyamino)-3H-pyrazol-4-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl) iron was synthesized using expansion cyclocondensation. FTIR, NMR, and GC-MS were performed to analyze the structure of the synthesized ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazole. Antimicrobial, DNA photo-cleaving, and anti-angiogenic activities of ferrocenyl-substituted compounds were studied.
Results: Anhydride of (S)-(3-(3-(carboxyamino)-3H-pyrazol-4-yl)cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)(cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl)iron obtained with yield of 87%. Spectral analysis confirmed the formation of anhydride. The synthesized compound was found to be biological active in the range of 85-95 mu g/ml.
Conclusion: This study described the novel method for the synthesis of biologically active anhydride of ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazole. The study demonstrations that synthesized ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazole in today's situation is the encouraging antimicrobial mediator against the human pathogens. In addition, it may open new doors to initiate research against drug resistance bacteria with possible biomedical applications
The Role of Media Literacy in Online Information: Searching Strategies
No full textAlong with the spread of Web 2.0 technologies, individuals' habits such as learning, socializing, and getting information have changed rapidly. A lot of information, the accuracy of which cannot be trusted, is available in the web, and it becomes difficult to choose useful, relevant, and accurate information. This pollution is also present in the media. The abilities to choose messages in the media, to look at these messages critically, and to produce your own messages are considered among the 21st-century skills. These reasons bring media literacy (ML) and online information searching strategies (OISS) to the agenda. The processes of ML and OISS have interrelated features. Therefore, it is important and necessary to examine these concepts together. Based on this necessity, the aim of the study was to determine the role of ML in OISS. To this end, the data were collected from 1809 pre-service teachers using the OISS inventory and the ML level determination scale. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, MANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. According to the results, pre-service teachers' ML and OISS levels were above the moderate level. ML and OISS vary significantly according to the type of websites. In conclusion, ML was revealed as a predictor variable that could explain OISS at a rate of 33.2%. © 2022 Research Group Education and Virtual Learning (GREAV
Neuroprotection by melatonin against acrylamide-induced brain damage in pinealectomized rats
No full textThe current study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of exogenous melatonin against acrylamide (ACR)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the brain tissues in pinealectomized rats (PINX). ACR is a toxic chemical carcinogen that occurs owing to the preparation of carbohydrate-rich foods at high temperatures or other thermal processes. The rats who underwent pinealectomy and sham pinealectomy were exposed to ACR (25 mg/kg b.w., orally) alone or with exogenous melatonin (10 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) for 21 consecutive days. Alterations of brain oxidant/antioxidant status, dopamine (DA), Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) inflammatory mediator and apoptosis during exposure to ACR in pinealectomized rats were more than without pinealectomized rats. Histopathological changes were more in brain tissue of pinealectomized rats after ACR administration. Exogenous melatonin treatment in ACR -exposed rats following pinealectomy increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and improved brain total antioxidant status (TAS) compared to PINX+ACR. Moreover, melatonin suppressed lipid peroxidation, inflammatory pathways and apoptosis in ACR-intoxicated brain tissues. In addition, after exposure to ACR on pinealectomized rats, melatonin treatment ameliorated BDNF and DA levels in brain tissues. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin intervention in ACR-intoxicated rats significantly rescued the architecture of neuronal tissues. In summary, the present study, for the first time, suggested that exogenous melatonin treatment could reduce oxidative damage by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and improving histopathological alterations in the brain tissue of pinealectomized rats after ACR administratio
Replacement of dried freshwater alga Arthrospira maxima with marine diatom Schizochytrium limacinum in a diet of freshwater mussel Unio crassus (Philipsson, 1788)
No full textThe present study was conducted to determine the possible usage of dried Schizochytrium limacinum as a replacement of Arthrospira maxima in a ration of the adult freshwater mussel (Unio crassus). The experimental diets were prepared with the different concentrations of protein-rich green freshwater algae A. maxima and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich diatom S. limacinum. Combinations were done by replacing A. maxima with 0%, 30%, 70%, and 100% of dried S. limacinum then named AM100, AM70, AM30, and AM0, respectively. These diets were used to feed 180 individuals (15 mussels/tank) of U. crassus in 12 independent glass (4 groups and 3 replicates) tanks. Live weight gain, shell dimensions, biochemical compositions, and fatty acid contents of U. crassus from whole tissue were examined before and after 30 days of feeding trial. The live weight gain was significantly higher in the AM100 (1.66 +/- 1.32 g, 5.00 +/- 3.95%) and AM70 (1.32 +/- 0.83 g, 4.05 +/- 2.56%) groups than in the (0.06 +/- 1.91 g, 0.31 +/- 5.73%) and AM0 (- 0.17 +/- 0.61 g, -0.52 +/- 1.84%) groups. We were able to detect increasing levels of DHA in the U. crassus tissues, while the given ratios of S. limacinum were increased in the diet. The results showed that S. limacinum was digested by adult U. crassus to some extent and DHA was retained in the mussel tissue. These results showed that the dependence on live algae can be decreased in the conservation effort of U. crassus by using S. limacinum in a ration
AN ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION OF GEOGRAPHICALLY INDICATED PRODUCTS USING DECISION TREE AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
No full textn the present study, the consumer perception and consumption level of Geographically Indicated Products (hereafter GIP) in the Tokat province of Turkey has been investigated. The data were collected from 382 consumers through a questionnaire. Artificial neural networks and decision tree models were used to determine the factors affecting the consumers' consumption of the specified products. Results indicated that the variables of monthly walnut consumption, whether Niksar walnuts are known to be a GIP, monthly income level, the willingness to pay more for a GIP and whether they read labels on GIP packaged products affected consumption
A text-net analysis of mission statements in the healthcare industry: Evidence from public and private hospitals' websites
No full textThis study explores components of hospital mission statements by combining text mining techniques and network analysis. By considering 153 public and private hospitals with a published mission statement in English, it evaluates influential words and identified clusters and components in hospital mission statements, determined (in)connections among the statements. Similarities and differences based on hospital ownership status (i.e. public or private) are provided. The assessment of English versions of mission statements in Turkish hospitals generated seven clusters: (1) quality and quality of health services, (2) technology orientation, (3) focus on modern medicine, (4) societal expectations, (5) universal standards, (6) institutional philosophy, and (7) employees. Significant differences in the components of public and private hospital mission statements are identified and the potential contributions to practitioners in developing their mission statements is discussed
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALNUTRITION AND FALL RISK IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS
No full textObjective: It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between malnutrition and fall risk in the elderly in this study. Method: The sample of the study consisted of 300 patients aged 65 and over who were hospitalized in a state hospital between April and July 2017. Personal Information Form, İtaki Fall Risk Scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, and Subjective Global Assessment Test were used in the study. The number-percentage, chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for the evaluation of data. Results: 52.3% of the elderly are 65-74 years old, 36% are 75-84 years old, and 11.7% are over 85 years old. According to the results of the Mini Nutritional Assessment; It was determined that 46.3% were in the risk group and 15% were malnourished. The mean score of the Mini Nutritional Assessment was 17.93±4.89. It was determined that the elderly were at risk in terms of malnutrition. The mean score of ittaki was calculated as 26.30±4.58. A significant correlation was found between malnutrition status and fall risk (p<0.05). It was determined that there was a significant difference between malnutrition levels, age, and chronic disease (p<0.01). The mean risk of falling in the elderly with at least one chronic disease was found to be 26.25±4.20. It was determined that the risk of falling was 27.57±4.93 most in patients with chronic kidney failure, and then the risk of falling was higher in patients with chronic arterial disease and heart failure, respectively. A significant negative strong correlation was found between the risk of falling and malnutrition (p<0.05). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it was found that the risk of falling is high in elderly individuals with malnutrition. Nurses should elaborate on elderly patients well, take appropriate precautions, inform them about the risk of falling to the elderly patient and caregivers, and plan their care accordingly.Amaç: Bu çalışmada yaşlılarda malnütrisyon ve düşme riski arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini Nisan-Temmuz 2017 tarihleri arasında bir devlet hastanesinde yatmakta olan 65 yaş ve üstü 300 hasta oluşturdu. Çalışmada, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, İtaki Düşme Riski Ölçeği, Mini Nütrisyonel Değerlendirme ve Subjektif Global Değerlendirme Testi kullanıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; sayıyüzde, ki-kare testi, Independent t test, One-way Anova ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Yaşlıların %52.3’ü 65-74, %36’sı 75-84 ve %11.7’si 85 yaş üzerindeydi. Mini Nütrisyonel Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre yaşlıların; %46.3’ünün riskli grupta ve %15’inin malnütre olduğu belirlendi. Toplam Mini Nütrisyonel Değerlendirme puanı ortalaması 17.93±4.89 olarak ölçüldü. Yaşlıların malnürtisyon açısından risk altında olduğu belirlendi. İtaki puanı ortalaması 26.30±4.58 olarak hesaplandı. Malnütrisyon durumu ile düşme riski arasında anlamlı ilişki saptandı (p<0.05). Malnütrisyon düzeyleri ile yaş ve kronik hastalık arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu tespit edildi (p<0.01). En az bir kronik hastalığı bulunan yaşlılarda düşme riski ortalaması 26.25±4.20 olarak bulundu. Düşme riskinin en çok 27.57±4.93 ile kronik böbrek yetmezliği hastalarında olduğu, daha sonra sırası ile kronik arter hastalığı ve kalp yetmezliği hastalarında düşme riskinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Düşme riski ve malnütrisyon arasında negatif yönde çok yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p<0.05). Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda, malnütrisyonu olan yaşlı bireylerde düşme riskinin yüksek olduğu saptandı. Hemşireler yaşlı hastaları iyi tanımlamalı, uygun önlemleri almalı, yaşlı hasta ve bakım vericisine düşme riski hakkında bilgi vermeli ve bakımını bu doğrultuda planlamalıdır
Heavy Metal Contamination Status and Risk Assessment in Surface Sediments of Köyceğiz Lagoon Estuary System (KLES) (South-West Anatolia)
No full textThis study reports the presence of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb) in the sediment and water column in the Köyceğiz Lagoon Estuary System (KLES) (South-West Anatolia). The mean heavy metal concentrations (µg L-1) in the water were found as Cr: 3.72-8.36, Ni: 6.51-9.48, Cu: 1.29-11.88, Cd: ND-0.08, Pb: ND-0.34. The heavy metal concentrations in water samples were found to be below the internationally acceptable limits. The mean heavy metal concentrations (mg kg-1) in the sediment were found as Cr: 1.75-4.25, Ni: 5.24-12.69, Cu: 0.25-0.51, Cd: <0.01, Pb: 0.04-0.13. As a result of the analyses conducted concerning contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), monomial potential ecological risk index (ER), and total potential ecological risk index (RI) for heavy metals in the sediment, it was deduced that there was not any pollution and moderate or high ecological risks.Bu çalışmada, Köyceğiz Lagün Östarin Sisteminin (Güney-Batı Anadolu) sediment ve su kolonundaki ağır metallerin (Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb) varlığı ortaya konmuştur. Sudaki ortalama ağır metal konsantrasyonları (μg L-1), Cr: 3,72-8,36, Ni: 6,51-9,48, Cu: 1,29-11,88, Cd: TE-0,08, Pb: TE-0,34 olarak bulunmuştur. Su örneklerinde belirlenen ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının uluslararası kabul edilebilir limitlerin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sedimentteki ortalama ağır metal konsantrasyonları (mg kg-1) Cr: 1,75-4,25, Ni: 5,24-12,69, Cu: 0,25-0,51, Cd: <0,01, Pb: 0,04-0,13 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sedimentte belirlenen ağır metal konsantrasyonları yönünden yapılan kontaminasyon faktörü (CF), jeobirikim indeksi (Igeo), kirlilik yük indeksi (PLI), monomial potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi (ER) ve toplam potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksi (RI) analizleri sonucunda, herhangi bir kirlilik tespit edilmemiş olup orta veya yüksek ekolojik risklerin olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır
A NOVEL AND EFFICIENT PHOTOCATALYSIS (ZnO/BENTONITE) FOR DISINFECTION OF Escherichia coli AND Pseudomonas aeruginosa UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT IRRADIATION
No full textn the present study, a new composite catalyst which highly active under the visible light was synthesized by immobilizing onto bentonite surface using ZnO materials (ZnO/Bent). For this, a simple in situ participant technique was used. The samples were characterized using SEM, XRD, BET techniques. SEM images possess that ZnO particles have nearly a spherical structure. Bentonite clay was used to increase the surface area of the samples. The obtained BET surface area of the samples shows that the ZnO/Bent catalyst was lower than that of pure Bentonite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photocatalytic disinfection with ZnO-Bent composite against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa under visible light. The obtained results show that when E. coli strain was subjected to ZnO-Bent mediated photocatalytic disinfection under solar irradiation, more than 98 % disinfection of the targeted E. coli was achieved within 2 hours and also 100% of P. aeruginosa colonies were inactivated within 4 hours under solar irradiation. A Possible degradation mechanism for ZnO/Bent composite was proposed in this study
Examining Nursing Students' Homophobic Attitudes, Empathic Skills, and Affecting Factors
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hemşirelik öğrencilerinin homofobik tutumunu, empatik beceri düzeylerini ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma Eylül 2018- Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında, iki farklı üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümünde eğitim gören 545 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler; Tanıtıcı Özellikler Bilgi Formu, Hudson ve Ricketts Homofobi Ölçeği ve Empatik Beceri Ölçeği-B Formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; tanımlayıcı istatistikler (ortalama, standart sapma, sayı, yüzde), Bağımsız örneklem t- testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %71.4’ü kadın olup yaş ortalaması 20.02±1.47’dir. Öğrencilerin %51’inin Lezbiyen Gey Biseksüel Transseksüel (LBGT) kavramını doğru bildiği ve bu kavram içinde %60.6’sının homoseksüellik kavramını doğru açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin Hudson ve Ricketts Homofobi Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 98.44±23.19’dur ve erkek, Doğu Anadolu bölgesinden gelen, LGBT kavramını yanlış bilen öğrencilerin homofobik tutumlarının daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Öğrencilerin Empatik Beceri Ölçeği-B Formu toplam puan ortalaması 138.23±15.46 dır ve LGBT bir hastaya sunacağı hemşirelik yaklaşımı ile heteroseksüel bir hastaya sunacağı hemşirelik yaklaşımının aynı olduğunu düşünen öğrencilerin daha empatik olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Sonuç: Geleceğin sağlık bakım vericileri olan hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yüksek homofobik tutuma, orta düzeyde empatik beceriye sahip oldukları ve empatik becerinin homofobik tutumu etkilemediği sonucuna varılmıştır.Aim: This study aims to examine the homophobic attitudes and empathy skill levels of nursing students and the influencing factors. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 545 students studying nursing departments at two universities between September 2018 and January 2019. The data were collected using a Descriptive Characteristics Information Form, Hudson & Ricketts Homophobia Scale, and the Empathic Skill Scale (Form B). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, number, percentage), student t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to evaluate the data. Results: 71.4% of the students participating in the study were women, and the mean age was 20.02±1.47 years. It was determined that 51% of the students knew the concept of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) correctly, and 60.6% of them perfectly explained the concept of homosexuality. The students’ Hudson & Ricketts Homophobia Scale total mean score was 98.44±23.19. It was determined that male students, students from the Eastern Anatolian region, and students who misunderstood the concept of LGBT had more homophobic attitudes (p<0.05). The students' Empathic Skills Scale-B Form total score average is 138.23±15.46. It was determined that the students who thought that the nursing approach they would offer to an LGBT patient and the nursing approach they would provide to a heterosexual patient were the same were more empathetic (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that nursing students, who are the health care providers of the future, have high homophobic attitudes, moderate empathic skills, and empathic skills do not affect homophobic attitudes