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Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Montana: Barriers and Best Practices
No full textMedication-assisted treatment (MAT) is an evidence-based approach for opioid use disorder (OUD) using medications like buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone to treat symptoms of OUD and withdrawal. Despite reducing opioid-related deaths by 50% and improving employment, criminal activity, and birth outcomes, its acceptance in Montana\u27s substance use disorder (SUD) housing varies. Experts stress MAT as essential medical care, yet stigma-driven policies still restrict access, forcing some to choose between medication and treatment.
This study explores the landscape of MAT acceptance in Montana SUD treatment facilities, highlighting the barriers that prevent its widespread acceptance, differences regarding treatment duration, approved medications, and administration protocols.
Interviews with 15 facilities in MT revealed that 13 accept patients using MAT, although their approaches differ, with administration commonly outsourced to medical providers. Despite its proven benefits, MAT stigma and structural barriers continue to persist, particularly among abstinence-based programs that view MAT as merely replacing one substance with another.
Structural barriers further complicate MAT accessibility, as abstinence-based philosophies and rural geography exacerbate access issues. Counselors with personal recovery histories may resist integrating MAT practices, viewing it as incongruous with sobriety. 5 of the 15 facilities also require MAT medications to be administered offsite, posing logistical burdens for individuals in remote areas. Additionally, misconceptions within the broader healthcare community lead to discrimination against MAT patients, limiting their access to comprehensive care in Montana. These attitudes contribute to gaps in treatment availability, ultimately placing individuals with OUD at greater risk of relapse or overdose.
This study underscores the urgent need for education, policy reform, and community engagement to dismantle misconceptions about MAT in Montana. Addressing these barriers is critical to ensuring that individuals with OUD receive the life-saving treatment they need within an inclusive and supportive recovery system
Impacts of the Coastal Aquaculture Authority (Amendment) Act and Adaptive Capacity in the Social-Ecological System of Chilika Lagoon, India
No full textThe growing demand for seafood in the global North has led to transition of capture fisheries to aquaculture to meet the demand. While this growth has been considered a success for livelihood development, its negative impacts on small-scale and traditional fisheries offset the benefits.
This is evident in the case of Chilika lagoon on the east coast of India. Chilika lagoon is a natural habitat for Indian prawn (Penaeus indicus) and thus attracted commercialization during the aquaculture boom. Starting in the 1980s, encroachment of aquaculture and proliferation of commercial fishing has led to loss of traditional fishing areas and livelihoods. Prominent drivers are the nationally implemented Coastal Aquaculture (Authority) Act (2005) and the Amendment to the Act (2023). The Amendment (2023) effectively decriminalizes aquaculture, through grant of registration for prawn farms, and by redefining Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ).
The revival of aquaculture has the potential to destabilize traditional livelihoods, and the relationship of local institutions (Primary Fishermen Cooperative Societies, PFCS) to each other and to management authorities. Utilizing the adaptive capacity (AC) framework within social-ecological systems (SES) research, this study aims to investigate the response of PFCS to changing aquaculture policy. The study investigates variations in AC and AC domains of PFCS over time. Utilizing a qualitative governance approach, the results draw from in-depth semi-structured interviews with key individuals.
Exploration of adaptive capacity in Chilika in this context also contributes to empirical research on AC, specifically in the realm of institutional interactions. The case of Chilika can also present a framework for similar analyses of coastal systems in the future. The outcome of the research can help formal decision-makers formulate more equitable rules and set precedence of context-based implementation of national policies
Coaching While Mothering in NCAA Division I Volleyball
No full textNCAA Division I Volleyball is the most competitive level of volleyball in the United States outside of recent emerging professional leagues. The sport of volleyball has grown exponentially since the enactment of Title IX and NCAA DI membership has increased to 96% (DeBoer, 2021). While significant efforts in recruitment and retention have been made to increase opportunities for women coaches at the NCAA DI level, the percentage of women head coaches in women’s volleyball has seen declines and steady stagnation (LaVoi, 2020). Coaching while mothering is a unique and fraught process that remains unsupported due to a number of social, cultural, and structural factors. Women coaches who are mothers are embedded within individual, socio-cultural, and institutional contexts that can provide and rich and varied landscape of experience. Each individual woman coach experiences unique barriers that are compounded when intersected with additional marginalized identities and being a mother. For decades, women have been reporting higher rates of emotional exhaustion than their male counterparts in college coaching, while also reporting lower rates of feeling accomplished (Caccese & Mayerberg, 1984), and these dynamics only increase if women coaches who are also mothers (Bruening & Dixon, 2007). These experiences have largely remained unrecognized due to a gap in the research that is specific to NCAA Division I Volleyball.
This presentation will summarize the current literature on the many factors that are leading to the decline in women coaches in volleyball, and argue that further research must be done in order to understand what coaches who are mothers need, both structurally and emotionally, in order to continue coaching. I argue that further research is crucial to keep more women coaches in coaching, in order to both support current women coaches and provide mentorship to female athletes who benefit from having a woman head coach
Understanding Inter-Agency Decision Making Processes of Prescribed Fire in Western Montana
No full textFire suppression, climate change, and increasing human presence in wildland-urban interfaces challenge land managers in implementing prescribed fire. This study examines the temporal and spatial dimensions of prescribed fire decision-making, current information sources, and gaps in knowledge. Limited understanding exists regarding the specific information needs of wildfire managers to determine timing and location. Decision-making insights can inform risk reduction and fire mitigation strategies, including when and where to burn and its impact on human well-being. We will conduct qualitative, semi-structured interviews with prescribed fire decision-makers in Western Montana, using a chain referral sampling approach to reach at least 30 participants. Data analysis will involve open coding in NVivo, thematic identification, and triangulation for validation. Findings will be shared with participants for further refinement. Preliminary results indicate fire managers are frustrated with the prescribed burn process, citing poor public communication, unmet burn goals, staffing shortages, and increasing liability concerns. Overall, our research highlights the need for improved decision-making processes, enhanced communication about prescribed fire, and better recruitment strategies for qualified staff
Mitochondrial Protein Dynamics in Response to Repeated Load Carriage in Men and Women
No full textPURPOSE: To evaluate the early stages of adaptation in response to repeated load carriage on mitochondrial protein dynamics.
METHODS: Over 15 days 32 subjects (12 male, 20 female; age 28±6 years; VO2 peak 47.7±8.2 mLkg-1min-1) consumed a loading dose of deuterated water (2H2O), and completed a 5-day load carriage hiking protocol. 2H2O enriched the amino acid pool for observation. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were taken on days 10 and 16, assessing protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) pre- and post-hiking. During the hiking period, participants completed two laps on an out-and-back mountainous trail, averaging 3.3±0.6 km distance and 431±86 m gain, per lap. Total distance covered per day averaged 13.6±2.2 km distance and 870.9±163.8 m gain. Each lap was timed for an hour uphill, at 70% of age-predicted heart rate max (121.4±8.4 bpm), followed by returning to the start downhill untimed and self-paced. Between laps, participants rested for 15 minutes. The load carriage for each participant was set at 30% of their DXA-derived fat-free mass (15.2±3.8 kg). Paired t-tests were used to determine differences in individual proteins pre (day 10) to post (day 16) hike.
RESULTS: There were decreases in FSR of Ubiquinone 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 (NDUFB4) and Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HADH) (p\u3c0.05). There were increases in FSR of ATP Synthase subunit beta (ATP5F1B), Fumarate Hydratase (p\u3c0.05) and Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 (COX6B1) (p\u3c0.05). Sixteen other mitochondrial proteins were observed with no significant alterations (p\u3e0.05).
CONCLUSION: Changes in FSR indicate that the 5-day hiking period was sufficient to induce changes in protein dynamics related to mitochondria. Information on the effects of changes in mitochondrial protein dynamics is limited, however these findings may indicate onset of mitochondrial anabolism
