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Assessing the Micro- and Macroscopic Changes of Taphonomically Altered Bone
No full textForensic identifications may be hampered when perpetrators find unique ways of obscuring their victims’ identities, such as fire and household corrosive substances. Thermal alteration, sodium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid are known to change both the structural integrity and composition of skeletal elements; but the patterns of these processes, nor how each may affect the potential for obtaining identifying DNA data, are well understood.
Burned bone concomitantly follows a defined color spectrum and eventually reaches calcination, consisting only of its original inorganic mineral, hydroxyapatite, which is naturally white in color and brittle.
In contrast, analyses of chemical exposure focus on total dissolution times, rather than on discrete changes. However, it is well documented that household chemicals are used to disfigure victims due to their availability and apparent effects.2 Sodium hydroxide is a corrosive base that effectively dissolves soft tissues and produces high temperatures through violent exothermic reactions but ostensibly fails to alter bone structure and color. Hydrochloric acid appears to be among the most destructive chemicals with all tissue dissolving within 24 hours.
This study compares and analyzes the micro- and macroscopic changes occurring in fully skeletonized remains over the course of a maximum of two hours and assesses the viability of DNA analysis. Furthermore, this study tests how bone shape and volume to surface area ratios may affect the degree of alteration.
In the fire treatment, elements were placed over an open-air fire pit for 1 hour. The chemical alteration protocol consisted of four 30-minute intervals in their respective solutions (total: 2 hours).
Pre- and post-treatment dimension data were recorded using a 3D scanner and weight was measured to the closest ±0.01g. Photographs were captured using whole-specimen and inverted microscopes. Furthermore, DNA was extracted using a silica-based method and quantified through a human-specific qPCR methodology
ACL Reconstruction Graft Type Influence on Outcomes of Female Soccer Athletes: A Systematic Review
Get PDFContext: Roughly 29 million women play soccer worldwide, and that number has significantly increased over the past 13 years, especially in the United States. Studies specific to female soccer players and ACL injuries are more prevalent than ever. Female soccer players are roughly 3 times more likely to sustain an ACL injury compared to male soccer players. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is the current solution for most injured patients, ideally resulting in a streamlined recovery and return to sport. Graft type superiority continues to be studied among the female soccer population, but it still remains unclear at this point in time which graft and surgical technique leads to superior patient outcomes.
Methods: PubMed and Cochrane databases were accessed using search terms ACL graft choice AND soccer, ACL autograft AND soccer, ACL autograft outcomes AND soccer, and ACL reconstruction AND female soccer. Studies were included if they were written in English, published within the last 5 years, available in full text, included female soccer players undergoing ACLR, and reported outcome measures. The initial search yielded 80 articles leaving 34 articles after removing duplicates. After reviewing titles, 12 articles were removed, leaving 22 articles remaining for abstract review. Following the abstract screening, 12 articles did not meet the study inclusion criteria, leaving 10 articles for full-text review. After 8 full-text articles were eliminated, 2 articles remained in the review. Screening of references included 1 additional article resulting in 3 articles utilized for this study.
Results: Three articles were included in the review, combining an identified 225 female soccer players of various ages who underwent ACLR. 15 female soccer players had their ACLR procedure done with the quadriceps tendon (QT), 66 bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB), and 144 hamstring tendons (HS). PROs measured were the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (LKSS), and Tegner Activity Scale (TAS). Other outcome measures compared were the average follow-up after ACLR, RTS, and complications post ACLR.
Conclusions: Evidence suggests that female soccer players with ACLR have a low RTS rate, a high chance of developing further knee conditions and complications, acceptable LKSS and LDKC scores average, and a low TAS average. Female soccer players who were included in this review had a 53.3% chance of returning to sport after ACLR. The collected RTS data suggests that nearly half of female soccer players are struggling to return to the pitch. High complication rates were noted, stating that female soccer players have a 54.7% likeliness of developing further knee conditions and injuries
Health and Wellbeing of Sexual and Gender Minority Graduate Students
Get PDFAlthough extensive literature describes the health disparities faced by sexual and gender minority individuals, very little research has examined the graduate student population specifically. Furthermore, much research about SGM populations does not separate sexual and gender minority identities in analyses, potentially obscuring differences between these groups. In the current study, 437 graduate students (23.8% with an SGM identity) across seven college campuses participated in a survey about their campus experiences and health. We examined the relationship between SGM identity and depression, physical health, perceived stress, and happiness through stepwise regressions. We controlled for the effects of other demographic variables (age, racial/ethnic minority identity, female gender, international student status, and non-traditional student status) by running them as the first block of our regression, with sexual minority and gender minority identities as the second block. In all four health and wellbeing regressions the SGM identity block explained a significant amount of the measure\u27s variance beyond the block of other demographic variables. The other demographic variables explained a significant amount of the variance in depression, perceived stress, and happiness scores, but not in physical health scores. Age, sexual minority identity, and gender minority identity were significant predictors of depression, such that younger, sexual and gender minority students had higher depression scores. Women, gender minority students, and sexual minority students reported significantly more physical health concerns. Age and sexual minority identity were significant predictors of perceived stress, with younger and sexual minority students endorsing higher stress. Lastly, happiness was significantly predicted by the woman, age, and gender minority variables, such that female, older, and cisgender students reported higher happiness. These results indicate that the health disparities observed for sexual and gender minority individuals largely apply to graduate students as well. Healthcare providers and universities should consider actions aimed at reducing these health disparities
Reproductive coercion as a form of sexual violence and existential trauma
No full textReproductive coercion (RC) is defined as behaviors that diminish individuals’ ability to make decisions regarding their reproductive health RC increases the risk of sexually transmitted illnesses, anxiety, depression, substance-use, post-traumatic stress disorder, and intimate partner violence. Despite the serious risks, RC remains understudied and is not typically assessed as a form of sexual violence. Although research has demonstrated the relevance of existential concerns to the experiences of reproductive roles and sexual violence, the existential impact of RC has not been empirically studied. The present study includes a sample of 637 young adults across two states. Almost half of participants reported a prior experience of sexual violence (41.8%) and 13.3% reported an experience of RC (prevalence of specific forms are presented) Reproductive coercion was strongly associated with other experiences of sexual violence (95% of those reporting experiences of RC also reported sexual violence). Those who endorsed experiences of RC reported significantly higher scores on the Existential Concerns Questionnaire (t=-2.57, p=.005) than those with no reported history. The study findings support the conceptualization of reproductive coercion as a form of sexual violence and existential trauma
I&I - Tariffs, trade deficits & the trouble with uncertainty
Get PDFIn this April edition of Incentives & Instincts, Justin and economist Bryce Ward tackle the complexities of trade policy. They unpack the economic benefits of cooperation, the concentrated costs of globalization, and the politics driving America’s shifting approach to tariffs. The conversation explores how uncertainty undermines prosperity and why thoughtful, deliberate policy is essential in navigating today’s trade challenges.https://scholarworks.umt.edu/anewangle_podcasts/1389/thumbnail.jp
Lunch and State of Mind Performance
No full textDoors open at 11:30am for lunch; performance begins at 12pm
Investigating the Impact of Shame Resilience and Internalized Weight Stigma on Body Image in Men
Get PDFInternalized weight stigma occurs when individuals apply negative weight-related stereotypes to themselves, which can lead to adverse outcomes, such as psychological distress, shame, eating disorders, and body image dissatisfaction. Societal pressures emphasizing muscularity and leanness exacerbate the negative psychological effects of weight stigma among male populations. Despite growing research on weight stigma and body image, male populations remain understudied, leaving gaps in understanding their unique experiences. Amongst both female and male identifying populations, existing research displays that resilience acts as a potential protective factor against the negative impacts of shame thus mitigating psychological distress. Shame Resilience Theory (SRT) measures factors such as self-compassion, supportive relationships, and critical awareness, as factors to combat the internalized shame caused by external pressures and expectations about the male physique. Existing research suggests that shame resilience has been associated with fewer eating disorder (ED) symptoms and higher chances of ED recovery while also serving as a potential therapeutic tool for those with high levels of internalized weight stigma. Yet shame resilience’s role in buffering the relationship between internalized weight stigma and body image dissatisfaction in male-identifying populations remains underexplored. This study seeks to address this gap by examining the research question: Does shame resilience influence the relationship between internalized weight stigma and body image dissatisfaction in male-identifying populations? We hypothesize that higher shame resilience scores will inversely interact with internalized weight stigma and body image dissatisfaction scores. Using a cross-sectional correlational design, this study will assess bivariate relationships between these variables through self-report measures. Self-report measures will be analyzed through a multiple regression analysis and a moderation analysis to estimate the relationships between the variables. Findings will contribute to the development of targeted interventions aimed at improving body image satisfaction and decreasing internalized weight stigma among men
Bronze and Bulletin Boards: Indigenous Language in Formal and Informal Campus Space
No full textWhat histories and lives are acknowledged in officially sanctioned institutional memorials and place-names? In recent years, academic institutions in the United States and other Anglophone nations have installed a significant amount of Indigenous-language signage on their campuses. Administrators at the University of Montana have installed a number of signs in Indigenous languages, including an intended new centerpiece monument at the Oval due to be installed in 2025. Also in 2025, UM is simultaneously finalizing installation of an expensive three-meter-tall sign at a new gateway to campus. This project seeks to inquire where, and in what contexts, acknowledgement of Indigenous languages and unsanctioned written words occur by examining the distribution of unofficial posters, bulletin boards, calendars, and in handwritten notes in hallways, student lounges, and other everyday space. Engaging the theories and methodologies of \u27ethnography of space and place\u27 to perform a visual ethnography of the campus, this project also hopes to provoke thought about the immaterial forces at play in constructing this physical environment: What might we learn when comparing official memorializing with informal place-making in such a \u27living\u27 space
Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy as Treatment for Children with ADHD
No full textEquine-Assisted Occupational Therapy as Treatment for Children with ADHD
Abstract:
This article is an examination of equine-assisted occupational therapy (EA-OT) in improving the emotional, physical, and cognitive well being of individuals diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). EA-OT is considered a relatively new field of practice within the discipline of occupational therapy, however, it has been an increasingly growing therapeutic approach that consists of organized interactions with horses that enhance emotional regulation, sensory and motor needs. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of EA-OT that encompasses its foundations, methodologies, and efficacy in improving skills such as self-regulation, focus, and overall well-being with pediatric clients with ADHD along with future advancements within the field. Through examination of current research surrounding EA-OT, historical perspectives on related equine practices, and case studies emphasizing patient progress, this article will evaluate the therapeutic benefits of EA-OT and its future possibilities. In addition, it will discuss the challenges associated with the implementation of EA-OT, such as accessibility and lack of experience from service providers. By bringing together existing research and expert perspectives, this study aims to add to the conversation regarding alternative therapies for ADHD. It highlights the potential that EA-OT holds along with underscoring the need for more research as the practice continues to develop.
Keywords: Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (EA-OT), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Therapeutic Benefits, Future Advancements, Emotional Regulation