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How to Talk so that Doctors will Listen
Get PDFDoctors interrupt patients after an average of eleven seconds, placing significant restraint on doctor/patient communications.This lack of communication, combined with medical bias, leads to underdiagnosis and undertreatment of groups such as women, racial minorities, obese people, and those with physical and mental disabilities.The article is framed by the case of Brian Sinclair, an Indigenous Canadian who died of an easily treatable condition after being ignored at a Winnipeg E.R. Drawing on the limited studies in medical rhetoric and health communications, the author examines whether patients can do anything to avoid being similarly ignored by medical professionals.The author theorizes that establishing an educated ethos, or bringing a companion who processes such an ethos, may positively impact doctors’ willingness to listen. The article also explores the possible influence of Burkean rhetorical identification in doctor/patient communications. Patients feel they receive better treatment from doctors of their own ethnicity, suggesting that the extent doctors identify with patients’ ethnicity may affect communications. However the same does not hold true for gender and age: female doctors and younger doctors tend to listen to all patients more attentively than older, male doctors do, regardless of the patient’s gender or age
Mapping Plutonic Rocks in a Complex Urban Environment based on Sentinel-2 Imagery: A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms.
Get PDFPlutonic rocks contain valuable mineral ores like iron, gold, and copper. Mapping plutonic rocks is important for mineral resource exploration, geological hazard assessment, land use planning, sustainable resource management, and decision-making for zoning, construction, environmental protection, and scientific research. Remote sensing provides a cost-efficient and time-efficient solution for identifying various land cover and land use types from satellite imagery with much-reduced in-field labor and logistic costs. This capability has been enhanced with the integration of Machine Learning (ML), a part of Artificial Intelligence. However, limited research has been conducted on the application of remote sensing for plutonic rock mapping in the United States, particularly the performance assessment of various ML algorithms tailored to this specific task. Regarding this research gap, this study aims to explore and evaluate the performance of several well-established ML algorithms for mapping plutonic rock alongside other major land cover types in a complex urban environment, utilizing Sentinel-2 imagery. The primary study area for training and evaluating the ML models is the city of Waite Park, MN. Additionally, we assessed the transferability of these models to the city of Rockville, MN, both featuring intricate urban landscapes with active quarry sites for plutonic rock production. Our findings reveal key insights: (1) Plutonic rock exhibits distinctive spectral responses on multi-spectral imagery; (2) ML algorithms prove effective in mapping plutonic rock in a complex urban environment, displaying varying overall accuracies and class-specific accuracies for plutonic rock; (3) the established ML models demonstrate a considerable level of transferability to a new study city, with potential for further improvement
SOCIO-ACOUSTIC SURVEY RESPONSES TO INFANT CRY SAMPLES: WHY INTENSITY IN dBA MATTERS THE MOST
Get PDFInfant cry researchers, Fairbrother et al. (2019), Collardeau et al. (2019), Rahman et al. (2023), among others, have reported that crying alone triggers unwanted and intrusive thoughts in some postpartum parents, including thoughts of harming their babies. Barr (2014) states unambiguously that crying is the main trigger of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS), also referred to as Abusive Head Trauma (AHT). Yet so far, there is no consensus in academic circles as to which acoustic correlate is responsible for triggering these thoughts or actions. Most work to date is concentrated on F0/pitch, though findings about its influence are conflicting. Meanwhile Koffi (2022) and Koffi (2023) contend that intensity as measured in dBA is very likely the most aversive correlate. The current study reports on the findings of a socio-acoustic survey of 50 adults who heard and ranked four sample cries of varying intensity levels: £ 70 dBA, 71-75 dBA, 76-80 dBA, and ³ 81 dBA. The findings indicate that the participants ranked cries whose decibel levels are ³ 76 dBA as the most annoying. The paper explains why
Study on Water-soluble Cannabidiol (CBD) Effects in Experimental Models of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Get PDFType 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells called T cells initiate an attack on the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Oil-based cannabidiol (CBD) has been used in previous research of T1D, showing beneficial effects in lowering diabetes incidence, glycemia, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, recently emerging water-soluble CBD products claiming an increased bioavailability, have never been tested in T1D. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of water-soluble CBD on the development and severity of T1D in two mouse models: the non-obese diabetic (NOD) and low-dose streptozotocin-induced C57BL/6 (STZ-B6) mice. We expected to see a reduction in disease incidence, glycemia levels, along with altering T cell composition, function, and cytokine profiles of CBD-treated mice. For the NOD model, 5-6-week-old female mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 6 weeks with 5 or 10 mg/kg of commercially available water-soluble CBD. They were then monitored weekly for glucose and body weight measurements up to 24 weeks of age. Mice were sacrificed at an early (11 weeks of age) and late (24 weeks of age or when confirmed hyperglycemic) timepoint in disease development, when immune parameters, such as spleen weights, cell counts, viability, immunophenotypes, and cytokine profiles were assessed. For the B6 model, 5-7-week-old male mice were injected with 5 mg/kg water-soluble CBD IP, for 4 weeks. While one cohort of B6 mice received IP injections of low-dose-streptozotocin (STZ) post CBD administration, another cohort received STZ and CBD simultaneously during the fourth week of CBD treatment. Following STZ administration, the mice were followed up to 33 days post first STZ injection for glucose and body weights measurements. An early and late time point was also assessed, day 11 and day 33 post first STZ injection. In the NOD model, dosage of 5 mg/kg of water-soluble CBD did not exhibit a beneficial effect of delaying disease development or reducing hyperglycemia. However, 10 mg/kg CBD treatment appeared to exhibit detrimental effects on T1D development, with significantly increased glycemic levels. In the STZ-B6 mouse model, a dosage of 5 mg/kg CBD was used both before and during STZ administration. When CBD was given before STZ, a non-significant lowering of hyperglycemia and a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines at an early time point was seen. However, when mice received CBD during STZ administration, we noted that CBD-treated mice exhibited significantly increased T1D incidence, along with a trend of higher glycemia. In conclusion, our findings highlight the need for further investigation of long-term water-soluble CBD usage and its effective dosages, as well as necessity for overall standardization of commercially available CBD formulations
Artificial Intelligence in Disaster Management: Effectiveness and Challenges
Get PDFBased on peer-reviewed research, Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) and cloud-based collaborative platforms gather data in disaster response to present specific plans according to the complexities of emergencies (Gupta et al., 2022). The (RF) algorithm finds the elements influencing household evacuation preparation time (Rahman et al., 2021). A.I. and the cloud-based platform through (Crowdsourcing) coordinate humanitarian needs (Gupta et al., 2022). A.I. and cloud-based systems present the necessary information to emergency responders; the method also effectively assigns resources to respond (Gupta et al., 2022). Geo-AI disaster response makes precise information accessible to disaster responders by presenting accurate mapping analysis (Demertzis et al., 2021). A state-of-the-art deep-learning approach detects changes in satellite images for efficient response (Sublime & Kalinicheva, 2019). AGRA (A.I.), an augmented geographic routing approach, improves routing problems (Chemodanov et al., 2019). Early warning facilitates affected people\u27s evacuation in disasters by applying the AI SVM to analyze the available data to make decisions with either (flood or no flood) for monitoring rooms (Al Qundus et al., 2022). A flood forecasting method that combines artificial neural networks (ANNs) and an Internet (IoT), as well as an ANN based on AI/Machine Learning (ML), works for an early flood warning system. Protecting vulnerable people from flood disasters by the integrated systems of artificial intelligence (A.I.) and machine learning (ML), Geographic Information System (GIS) with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) methods, and path-planning techniques for finding the safest evacuation route during a disaster (Munawar et al., 2022). A.I. with UNOSATs for advanced analysis of maps of the areas affected by disasters for early warning (Fusing AI into Satellite, 2021). Based on an online survey, different factors influence public perception of applying A.I. in disasters. Guidelines are presented for A.I. system users to ensure the system\u27s responsibility. (Yigitcanlar et al., 2021)
Reading Comprehension Strategies for Secondary Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
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Understanding how English Language Learners Immigrant Preschool Children and Families Navigate Early Childhood Special Education Programming
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to deepen our understanding of how parents and families of immigrant preschool children navigate early childhood special education programming. This paper will explore how do these families identify and connect to support services
Enhancing Data Breach Prevention Measures in Corporate Setting
Get PDFData breaches in organizations have increased, presenting critical concerns involving financial loss, credibility, and reputational damage. This research analyzes data breaches across various sectors and proposes effective preventive measures. Using a comparative study design, the research investigates data management procedures, employee data access, and security awareness programs in different organizations across the United States. The research methodology uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative questionnaires, with 101 participants primarily from Minnesota. The research identifies the need for enhanced security awareness training, more practical security policies, and improved access control measures. By understanding the root causes and organizational vulnerabilities, this research offers strategies to prevent data breaches, including comprehensive training programs, user-friendly security policies, and regular security audits
The Subject Integration of STEM and Literacy and Its Impacts in the Elementary Classroom
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Exploring the Efficacy of Strategies and Approaches for Implementing the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme
Get PDFThe qualitative study intended to target three specific areas regarding the implementation of an International Baccalaureate (IB) Middle Years Programme (MYP) –the challenges of implementing and successfully leading the Programme, including means of overcoming these challenges; the factors noted by the participants as being effective for implementation of the programme, including structures that aided the process; and advice or considerations the participants would give to schools interested in implementing the programme. The researcher interviewed coordinators from six authorized International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programmes and focused specifically on gathering information regarding these three areas.
For the first area–challenges around implementing the programme–several common themes emerged. They were the need for supportive leadership, teacher comprehension and endorsement of the IB Middle Years Programme, teachers understanding of the importance of mapping out their curriculum using the MYP unit planning process, the necessity for teachers to comprehend the MYP assessment criteria, and the ability of schools to be able to meet the professional development requirements for the programme. For the second area–factors noted by the participants as being effective for implementation of the programme–a few common themes emerged. They were collaboration, training and professional development and commitment from all stakeholders involved in the programme. For the third area–advice that IB MYP coordinators would offer school leaders interested in having their school become an IB World School–several commonalities become apparent. They included vision, strong alignment with IB philosophy and practices; official and unofficial training for staff; knowledge and belief in change management; and networking with other IB world schools