Swedish Institute of Computer Science Publications Database
Not a member yet
2787 research outputs found
Sort by
Mobility is the Message: Experiments with Mobile Media Sharing
Get PDFThis thesis explores new mobile media sharing applications by building, deploying, and studying their use. While we share media in many different ways both on the web and on mobile phones, there are few ways of sharing media with people physically near us. Studied were three designed and built systems: Push!Music, Columbus, and Portrait Catalog, as well as a fourth commercially available system – Foursquare. This thesis offers four contributions: First, it explores the design space of co-present media sharing of four test systems. Second, through user studies of these systems it reports on how these come to be used. Third, it explores new ways of conducting trials as the technical mobile landscape has changed. Last, we look at how the technical solutions demonstrate different lines of thinking from how similar solutions might look today.
Through a Human-Computer Interaction methodology of design, build, and study, we look at systems through the eyes of embodied interaction and examine how the systems come to be in use. Using Goffman’s understanding of social order, we see how these mobile media sharing systems allow people to actively present themselves through these media. In turn, using McLuhan’s way of understanding media, we reflect on how these new systems enable a new type of medium distinct from the web centric media, and how this relates directly to mobility.
While media sharing is something that takes place everywhere in western society, it is still tied to the way media is shared through computers. Although often mobile, they do not consider the mobile settings. The systems in this thesis treat mobility as an opportunity for design. It is still left to see how this mobile media sharing will come to present itself in people’s everyday life, and when it does, how we will come to understand it and how it will transform society as a medium distinct from those before. This thesis gives a glimpse at what this future will look like
Evaluating Machine Learning for Predicting Next-Day Hot Water Production of a Heat Pump
No full textThis paper describes an evaluation of five machine learning algorithms for predicting the domestic space and hot- water heating production for the next day. The evaluated algorithms were the k-nearest neighbour algorithm, linear regression, regression tree, decision table and support vector machine regression. The hot water production was measured in the ME3Gas project, where data was collected from two Swedish households that use the same type of geothermal heat pumps for space heating and hot-water production. The evaluation consisted of four experiments where we compared the regression performance by varying the number of previous days and the number of time periods for each day as input features. In the experiments, the k-nearest neighbour algorithm, linear regression and support vector machine regression had the best performance
Case-based reasoning supports fault diagnosis using sensor information
No full textFault diagnosis and prognosis of industrial equipment become increasingly important for improving the quality of manufacturing and reducing the cost for product testing. This paper advocates that computer-based diagnosis systems can be built based on sensor information and by using case-based reasoning methodology. The intelligent signal analysis methods are outlined in this context. We then explain how case-based reasoning can be applied to support diagnosis tasks and four application examples are given as illustration. Further, discussions are made on how CBR systems can be integrated with machine learning techniques to enhance its performance in practical scenarios
Dynamic landscapes: A model of context and contingency in evolution
No full textAbstract Although the basic mechanics of evolution have been understood since Darwin, debate continues over whether macroevolutionary phenomena are driven by the fitness structure of genotype space or by ecological interaction. In this paper we propose a simple model capturing key features of fitness-landscape and ecological models of evolution. Our model describes evolutionary dynamics in a high-dimensional, structured genotype space with interspecies interaction. We find promising qualitative similarity with the empirical facts about macroevolution, including broadly distributed extinction sizes and realistic exploration of the genotype space. The abstraction of our model permits numerous applications beyond macroevolution, including protein and RNA evolution
MOS: An Integrated Model-based and Search-based Testing Tool for Function Block Diagrams
No full textIn this paper we present a new testing tool for safety critical applications described in Function Block Diagram (FBD) language aimed to support both a model and a search-based approach. Many benefits emerge from this tool, including the ability to automatically generate test suites from an FBD program in order to comply to quality requirements such as component testing and specific coverage measurements. Search-based testing methods are used to generate test data based on executable code rather than the FBD program, alleviating any problems that may arise from the ambiguities that occur while creating FBD programs. Test cases generated by both approaches are executed and used as a way of cross validation. In the current work, we describe the architecture of the tool, its workflow process, and a case study in which the tool has been applied in a real industrial setting to test a train control management system
Becoming The Energy Aware Clock - Revisiting The Design Process Through A Feminist Gaze
No full textThis paper explores the border between technology and design (form giving) from a feminist perspective. Looking at the energy system and how it has been integrated in the household, we want to address the underlying structures that have been built into the ecology of electrical appliances used in daily life, preserving certain norms that could be questioned from both a gender and a sustainability perspective. We have created an alternative electricity meter, the Energy AWARE Clock, addressing design issues uncovered in an initial field study. In this paper, we will make parallels to these issues. We also use feminist technoscience studies scholar Donna Haraway’s theory of the cyborg in order to clarify useful concepts that can be derived from feminist theory and that can act as important tools for designers engaged in creative processes. From our own experience with the Energy AWARE Clock this approach has great potential for questioning and rethinking present norms within sustainability and gender, from the viewpoints of design research and design practice
Lightweight Security Solutions for the Internet of Things
No full textThe future Internet will be an IPv6 network interconnecting traditional computers and a large number of smart objects or networks such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This Internet of Things (IoT) will be the foundation of many services and our daily life will depend on its availability and reliable operations. Therefore, among many other issues, the challenge of implementing secure communication in the IoT must be addressed. The traditional Internet has established and tested ways of securing networks. The IoT is a hybrid network of the Internet and resource-constrained networks, and it is therefore reasonable to explore the options of using security mechanisms standardized for the Internet in the IoT.
The IoT requires multi-faceted security solutions where the communication is secured with confidentiality, integrity, and authentication services; the network is protected against intrusions and disruptions; and the data inside a sensor node is stored in an encrypted form. Using standardized mechanisms, communication in the IoT can be secured at different layers: at the link layer with IEEE 802.15.4 security, at the network layer with IP security (IPsec), and at the transport layer with Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS). Even when the IoT is secured with encryption and authentication, sensor nodes are ex- posed to wireless attacks both from inside the WSN and from the Internet. Hence an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and firewalls are needed. Since the nodes inside WSNs can be captured and cloned, protection of stored data is also important.
This thesis has three main contributions. (i) It enables secure communication in the IoT using lightweight compressed yet standard compliant IPsec, DTLS, and IEEE 802.15.4 link layer security; and it discusses the pros and cons of each of these solutions. The proposed security solutions are implemented and evaluated in an IoT setup on real hardware. (ii) This thesis also presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel IDS for the IoT. (iii) Last but not least, it also provides mechanisms to protect data inside constrained nodes. The experimental evaluation of the different solutions shows that the resource- constrained devices in the IoT can be secured with IPsec, DTLS, and 802.15.4 security; can be efficiently protected against intrusions; and the proposed combined secure storage and communication mechanisms can significantly reduce the security-related operations and energy consumption
Optimerad rangering: slutsatser och resultat från projektet RANPLAN
Get PDFSammanfattning
Rapporten innehåller kortfattade slutsatser och resultat från en studie genomförd i projektet
RANPLAN, som har utförts av SICS Swedish ICT AB på uppdrag av Trafikverket
under åren 2010-2013. Fokus är på Hallsbergs rangerbangård, men resultaten är tillämpbara
även på andra rangerbangårdar med vall. Datorkörningar visar att blanddragen kan
öka kapaciteten på rangerbangårdar väsentligt, mätt i antalet samtidiga tåg som kan hanteras,
till en kostnad av en ökad mängd vagnsrörelser. I en jämförande datorstudie av
simulering och optimering framgick också att de optimala planerna var betydligt effektivare,
mätt i antalet vagnsrörelser, än de simulerade planerna. Resultaten pekar tydligt på
att datorstödd optimering av planeringsprocessen för rangerbangårdar både är praktiskt möjligt och kan ge stora effektivitetsvinster
Design Practices and the Micropolitics of Sustainability
No full textSustainable development involves multiple discourses and practices at multiple levels in society, in which there are competing and conflicting formulations of what constitutes ‘sustainability.’ Sustainability involves struggles around definitions and priorities, among those maintaining or gaining influence, struggles set within a pluricentric society in which interests are often in competition at a time of rapid globalization, conflicts over diminishing resources, and rising risk factors. These struggles trickle down into policies, regulations, taxes – and designs – which embody particular discourses, ideals and priorities, implying profound changes to how we live and how we live together. Sustainable development, on a variety of levels, is and essentially, a matter of the political.
Design is increasingly taking on roles in sustainable development – and, thus, in its politics. At the macropolitical level, design may be commissioned for the UN Environment Program, a Green Party, or grassroots political action; by companies implementing corporate social responsibility, product developers applying environmental certification standards, or cities implementing Rio Local Agenda programs. Micropolitical roles of design, the focus here, involve instituting discourses and practices of sustainability deeply in the everyday life of consumers and citizens. Embedded in the intimate spaces and embodied routines of everyday life, design mediates access to and control over resources, and it shapes how people identify and comply with particular ideals and ways of living.
Here, I evoke two general areas in which the design role is growing – ‘sustainable consumption’ and ‘sustainable communities’. In these roles, design is engaged in mediating how and by whom resources are accessed and controlled, and which or whose interests are made visible in sustainable development. In reducing domestic energy consumption and steering sustainable processes in communities, profound changes to the social organization of everyday life are at stake. Just as sustainable development is a political matter, so is design
Cape Town – (Majority) World Design Capital
No full textI’ve arrived to Cape Town, South Africa, the city designated as the 2014 World Design Capital. I am intrigued – how is design defined and done here? What can I learn about design from Cape Town?
(Complete text is available on blog website