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How Deep Can a Tattoo Go? The Perceptual Processing of Tattooed Individuals Through the Lens of College Students
No full textThe art of tattoo has been around for many years, the beginning unknown. While tattoos have been used for many purposes such as medicinal to cultural to aesthetics the perception of tattoos have changed alongside their uses. Humans tend to find those with tattoos as being less competent, trustworthy, and friendly compared to those without any tattoos. However, these biases tend to be implicit, unknown to the individual but still resulting in prejudice in the workplace. Employers tend to have stigma against tattooed individuals because of the stereotypes surrounding tattoos. Stigmatization has been shown to be related to the activation of a vast network of brain regions including the anterior cingulate cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala. However, there has not been research done alongside event-related potentials and EEG regarding stigmatization of those with tattoos yet. The study purposes a study in which EEG is utilized by presenting to individuals a task where they rate the competency and warmth of individuals with and without tattoos in an academic setting. It is hypothesized that there will be higher peaks of the P300 ERP component when the participants are presented with a photo of an individual with tattoos rather than without. The P300 peaks are expected to be higher when shown more explicit tattoos than neutral
Examining How Marketing Strategies Impact Baseball Fan Attendance
No full textThe MLB uses many different marketing strategies as incentives to entice people to come to the games rather than watching them on TV. This commodity that the teams offer the fans influences their indifference curve and the amount of utility that they derive from attending the games. This study seeks to determine to what degree the marketing strategies that the teams use impact fan attendance. Additionally, this study seeks to find out if there is one form of marketing strategy that has a greater impact on fan attendance than another. For simplicity, the marketing strategies that were being examined were broken up into two categories. These categories are product promotions and pricing promotions. Examples of product promotions include: bobbleheads days, t-shirts, hoodies, etc. Pricing promotions include college ticket packages, appreciation packages, etc. My hypothesis is that marketing strategies will have an impact on fan attendance, but product promotions will have the greatest impact on impacting fan attendance. I used a cross-sectional data set and estimated regressions to test my hypothesis. My results show that product promotion has a greater impact on fan attendance than pricing promotion strategies. This means that fans value products over pricing promotions
Efficient Operation of Soccer Club
No full textThis article investigates the impact of player investment efficiency on the
performance of European football clubs, specifically analyzing the rating-to-wage
ratio of starting players in the English Premier League, Serie A, and La Liga.
Employing data from the 2022-2023 season, the study employs regression analysis
with robust standard errors to explore the relationship between financial management
and league points. Results indicate that lower variability in player wage relative to
performance correlates with higher team success. The research also touches on the
psychological aspects of wage inequality using the Fehr-Schmidt model. While the
study is limited to starting players and top European leagues, it suggests that equitable wage distribution is beneficial for team cohesion and performance
Legends of Vangratzia
No full textEver since I was a child, I was always enamored with the aspects of a film or video game’s soundtrack more so than anything else. After intaking any time of visual media, the first thing I would do was take to YouTube and listen to the soundtrack on its own. It wasn’t until high school that I realized that most other people do not do this, and I decided to make it something I wanted to understand and pursue further. Some of my favorite soundtracks are those of the Final Fantasy series of games, and they have had a massive impact on my taste and inspirations. I had never been sucked into a musical world more than I was when I first played Final Fantasy X. I loved their clever use and reworking of leitmotifs to fit the on-screen scenario. In particular, the themes written to accompany various battles never fails to get my blood running, and they are the parts of the game I look forward to the most almost exclusively for the music. There is something magical about the feeling you get when a motif you are already familiar with gets repurposed in a different piece and you can sing along with it, despite never hearing it before in your life. I believe that the mark of a skilled composer comes in their versatility to successfully recreate a variety of styles, therefore, one of the main goals I wanted to challenge myself with was to showcase a broad range of techniques and genres. In essence, this is my take on a Final Fantasy score: I wanted to create a vast ecosystem of contrasting themes through repurposed leitmotifs that would come together to tell an overarching story. Additionally, the idea of sorting pieces by “elements” has always been fascinating to me, and I wanted to give it a shot
Island of Interest: Political Rivalry, Violence, and Diplomacy in Early Modern Sri Lanka
No full textInvasion, assassination, and covert diplomacy. This is the world of the island of Sri Lanka during the period I will be examining (1500-1687). How does political rivalry, violence, and diplomacy coalesce in this Indian Ocean Island? The history of this island is often understood in terms of colonial exploitation and the ethnic conflict of the modern era. However, the early modern history of the island, the rivalries between European powers and the native Sri Lankan Kingdoms, the movement of commodities across the Indian Ocean, and the struggle for political legitimacy shape the history of the island and the Indian Ocean world. I will examine the origins of these political rivalries, the joint-stock company and the Indian Ocean world more broadly. In addition, I will trace the history of these political rivalries, the history of foreign intervention in the island, and its importance in the Indian Ocean world through this period. The history of Sri Lanka and its interactions with foreign and domestic power shapes our understanding of the Indian Ocean world, the global economy, and the rise of European powers in Asia. This independent study will argue that the history of early modern Sri Lanka was shaped by political rivalry between foreign and domestic powers, articulated through violence and diplomacy, in an attempt to control the Indian Ocean world
Investigating The Impact of Work-From-Home On Housing Prices In Major Urban Areas
No full textThis research examines the impact of Work-From-Home (WFH) on housing prices in major urban areas, specifically investigating the differential effects based on industry susceptibility to WFH. The study draws upon the COVID-19 pandemic\u27s expedited adoption of remote work, utilizing theoretical models and empirical analysis to explore how WFH influences housing prices, productivity, and spatial dynamics within urban settings. This research integrates the Bid-rent theory, agglomeration economies, productivity, and spatial dynamics to conceptualize the potential shifts in urban housing demand due to the presence of WFH. By leveraging indexed WFH data from Dingel and Neiman (2020), alongside demographic and housing data from the American Community Survey, the study critically examines the relationship between the concentration of WFH jobs and median housing values across major metro areas in the US. Contrary to the initial hypothesis predicting a negative relationship between WFH concentration and housing prices, the findings suggest a positive correlation, where an increase in WFH concentration is associated with a significant rise in median housing values. The study not only contributes to the understanding of WFH\u27s impact on urban economics and housing markets but also highlights the need for further research on the long-term structural changes in work and living patterns post-pandemic
Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia.
No full textDo elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments
The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on International Trade: A Study of Indian Agricultural Trade in the Post Liberalization, Privatization And Globalization Era, between 1990-2019.
No full textThe cessation of the Bretton Woods Monetary System of fixed parities, which has led to the adoption of floating regimes by many economies since 1973, has occasioned wide unpredictable fluctuations in bilateral exchange rates. These erratic movements spark interest in exchange rates, owing to the perceived adverse effects on international trade. The traditional school of thought holds that by intensifying the risk associated with cross-border exchanges, fluctuations in exchange rates may dampen the volume of international trade, as risk-averse traders substitute away from their high-risk trading obligations, towards less risky ones. The risk-portfolio stance, however, counters this traditional view, with the conjecture that higher risk implies higher returns, thus, increasing risk due to fluctuating exchange rates could in fact increase the volume of trade. Aligning with the theoretical framework of the risk-averse stance, this paper empirically assesses the impact of exchange rate volatility on Indian agricultural trade in the post Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) reform era, between 1990- 2019. Moving standard deviation and GARCH measures of exchange rate volatility are used in the empirical regression models, that are built on the theoretical foundations of the Gravity Model of Trade. Implications of the results discuss the possible impact of this relationship on bilateral trade policies and domestic and international food security
Earnings in Another\u27s Land: An Exploration of the 2016 OPT Extension on Earning Outcomes for International Students in the United States
No full textThe United States continues to become a haven for international students who not only seek educational opportunities but employment avenues after completing their foreign education. With immigration policies which benefit students depending on their status as a STEM or non-STEM student, literature and data suggest that there are significant variations in earning among these groups. However, is this disparity fueled by other underlying factors which perhaps go beyond what one studies? In this paper, I study how earning outcomes are impacted for internationals who study in the United States especially when compared with their domestic counterparts after the 2016 OPT extension. I theorize that, the OPT extension reduces the earning disparity between internationals and U.S-born natives. To test this, I construct a panel dataset of different areas of undergraduate study in the U.S from the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) and OpenDoors. Using a triple difference estimator, I find that while earnings increase for STEM fields with a high presence of international students after 2016 it is not statistically significant. This paper draws attention to the interesting dynamic between policy and earnings when considering international presence across various academic fields of study
Gendered Labor Implications of Ecotourism: An Exploration into how the Rise of Ecotourism Affects Women’s Labor Force Participation in Latin America
No full textThis paper investigates ecotourism\u27s sustainability potential, challenges from undefined standards, and its impact on gender dynamics, particularly women\u27s household bargaining power as it relates to women\u27s empowerment and decision-making power. We consider economic theory, including the Heckscher-Ohlin model at the country level and the household bargaining model at the household level, to analyze the impacts of increasing ecotourism through a gender perspective, particularly its effect on women\u27s bargaining power within households and its potential contribution to gender inequalities. Our comprehensive and diverse review of relevant literature collectively unveils the interplay between economic forces, social dynamics, and environmental considerations, thus informing our understanding of the broader societal and environmental implications of ecotourism and setting the stage for our empirical inquiry into its impact on gender dynamics. The methodology employed to investigate the relationship between ecotourism and gender outcomes utilizes secondary data sources and country-level analyses due to practical limitations, which was used to estimate linear regression models revealing preliminary results supporting the hypothesis of an inverse relationship between ecotourism and female labor force participation, notably with relevant changes in significance when control variables are included, alongside additional findings indicating the significance of country environmental consciousness and fertility rate. In conclusion, our investigation makes a contribution to the field as it begins to uncover some of the intricate connections between ecotourism, gender dynamics, and wider societal and environmental realms, providing crucial insights for advancing sustainability and uplifting female populations in ecotourism destinations