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Fußball Football
No full textThe National Football League has long been a symbol of American sports culture, but its expansion into international markets presents unique challenges. Germany, a country long engrained with soccer culture, has emerged as one of the most promising global markets. This study examines how the NFL has successfully imported a deeply American product (American Football) and grown a fan base in Germany. Through content analysis of both the US NFL and the German NFL Instagram accounts, this research categorizes content into rational or emotional message appeals. Additionally, the content analysis identified adaptation elements throughout posts to determine how much standardization occurred in their media strategy. The findings reveal that while the NFL maintains a consistent global approach, they use more humor, culturally relevant messaging, and engagement strategies. The NFL’s hybrid approach – balancing adaptation and standardization – demonstrates the league’s strategic efforts to resonate with German fans while not compromising its identity. This study emphasizes the critical role of social media in fostering engagement, particularly in the sports industry. The NFL’s expansion into Germany should serve as a model for their internationalization into different cultures and markets during this digital age
Terra Prisma For Symphony Orchestra
No full textMuch like a geometric prism can be used to refract white light into color, so too does the Earth act as a prism for both the natural and the human. Beyond being representative of flora, fauna, seasons, the sky and the sea, colors also have strong emotional ties. Passionate reds, melancholy blues, and ecstatic yellows have informed meaning in our lives since time immemorial. Terra Prisma (Latin for “Earth Prism”) breaks the visible color spectrum down into its constituent parts and gives music to light and its associations.
Sanguis et Amor (Blood and Love) begins explosively with a fast, violent spiccato ostinato in the low strings, accompanied by heavy low brass and percussion. This weight is carried on by the upper strings before the woodwinds and harp briefly take over the melody. Military snare then accompanies the violins in a militaristic dance, before the music explodes into a frenzy, slowing and leading to the clarinets leading a soft, lyrical melody. All forces combine as the music reaches a passionate climax before the return of the opening material, forcing the love theme to take on new feeling in the opening minor mode.
Where are the Songs of Summer? is inspired by Thomas Hood’s poem Autumn. A reprieve from the violence and passion of the first movement, Where are the Songs of Summer? drastically slows and contemplates the change of seasons. As the world begins to die, only then do the full breadth of Earth’s colors emerge. The movement begins with a pensive bassoon solo singing the first of the final songs of summer. This is ended with a declamatory trumpet solo, leading the music into the second section, a song of strings and winds. The melody is thrown back and forth before vanishing entirely into a whirlwind of muted trumpets, dissonant trills, and wood block interjections. Eventually a lone trombone cuts in, singing yet another song, before the strings, acting as falling leaves, help it along. The woodwinds and a horn carry the melody into its most passionate, yet fleeting statement, before a solo horn sings a final song. The woodwinds and string harmonics return as wind to bring the season to its close, but not before the first snowflakes begin to fall in the harp.
Heliotropism is the name for the process in which plants grow to face the sun, most commonly observed in sunflowers. This movement begins with timpani, xylophone, marimba, and wood blocks rapidly jumping about as buds begin to bloom from the ground. A brief fanfare leads the strings into underscoring tremolos, changing chords infrequently as the sun shines overhead. Meanwhile, the woodwinds usher in another round of keyboard percussion madness, though this time more subdued as the now grown flowers follow the progression of the luminous strings. A quartet of euphonium, bass clarinet, English horn, and trombone focuses in on the sun as it slowly moves across the sky, before a building ostinato leads to the blooming of another round of flowers. The final measures build ecstatically before coming to a swift and energized conclusion.
Waldeinsamkeit is loosely based on a poem of the same name by Ralph Waldo Emerson. Waldeinsamkeit is a German word that literally translates to “forest loneliness,” but the closest English interpretation of it describes the feeling when one is truly alone in and connected with nature. Waldeinsamkeit is a great departure from the previous movements. Containing little in the way of melody, this movement instead focuses on creating a soundscape, guiding the listener through an auditory forest. Flute, piccolo, and trumpet all imitate birdsong bouncing high amongst the trees, while scraped tam-tam and bowed suspended cymbals provided brilliant sounds of wind and echo. Two wood blocks imitate a distant woodpecker, and microtones in the upper strings and harmonics in the double basses provided a backdrop to the goings on of the woods. Trombones imitate wolf howls, and the sounds of a bubbling brook are passed from woodwinds to brass to harp and back again. Glissandi in the strings windily blow the sound along, arriving at a stack of watery fourths in the clarinets and horns as the wanderer nears the sea. Cowbell and marimba color the shoreline while a bass drum cracks thunder in the distance. As a final trombone solo plays the listener seamlessly into the next movement, the birds of the forest begin to fade behind as seagulls screech in the cellos, inviting the listener to step into the water at their feet.
On Expanses emerges attacca from the previous movement, beginning in the waters previously entered. The cellos, violas, and bassoons play a short section before the chimes ring out a ship’s bell in the distance. This is followed by brief dance in the woodwinds, playfully suggesting approaching peace. However, a trumpet call interrupts and low brass and bass drum begin to pound as waves rise up all around. Wind blows in the flutes, and stacked fourths in the horns create a violent tempest that comes to shrill, screeching halt. Whale sounds in the harp are met with eerie, otherworldly interjections of harmonics in the violins and striking pizzicato hits in the lower strings. Soon, though, the oboes emerge over a distant horn call, culminating in a skyward launch as the orchestra enters its second expanse. Settling, the texture thins and the third expanse becomes clearer; the emptiness of the sea and sky are matched with empty feelings of loneliness. Fleeting, the music erupts back into its previous state, though only for a brief time, as swift melancholy takes back over to conclude the movement.
Fit for Kings is a culmination of all that has come before. Elements from each of the previous movements are woven into the form, providing familiar context to new material. A free trombone call sets the tone, before an agitated G-sharp minor leads into a restatement of one of the dance themes from the first movement. Now expanded upon, this theme offers an altered version of a typical courtly dance. The rhythm begins to break down, losing an eighth note at a time, before settling into three pattern that leads to an altered version of the first movements climax. It is short lived, though, as the woodwinds and strings quickly carry the listener to the fragmented dance from the fifth movement. This dance is interspersed with references to the opening trombone figure, before a horn led brass choral begins to wind the movement down. The chorale repeats, now with the first horn singing a melody reminiscent of the final call of the second movement. Glockenspiel and pizzicato violins begin a section of mysticism that explodes into grandiosity, ultimately winding to an energetic conclusion
Volcanic Signatures in Yellow-Cedar: Understanding Mechanisms of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
No full textThe Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is defined by sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Pacific and is a primary driver of climate in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) (Mantua and Hare, 2002). Characterized by decades-long regime shifts of warm or cool SSTs along the GOA, fluctuations in the PDO have the potential to impact marine resources in the North Pacific and adjacent North American climate (Mantua et al., 1997). The short observational record of the PDO (1900-present) only covers 4-5 regime shifts, thus longer records are needed to characterize how sensitive this phenomenon is to climate forcing. While the mechanisms behind PDO shifts are not well understood, modeling experiments suggest that large stratospheric volcanic eruptions have previously shifted the PDO into a negative mode (Wang et al., 2012). Stratospheric tropical eruptions eject sulfate aerosols into the atmosphere, modifying the Earth’s albedo and eventually cooling regional SSTs. Several large volcanic eruptions documented in ice cores are known to cool SSTs in the North Pacific as evidenced by SST-sensitive tree ring records across the GOA (D’Arrigo et al., 2013).
This study uses yellow cedar (Cupressus nootkatensis) tree ring width data from Southeast Alaska to provide additional evidence of volcanic cooling following the estimated 1458, 1600, 1695, and 1808 eruption events. Dude Mountain, located in Ketchikan, Alaska, was chosen as the study site for its high-elevation (863m) and minimized stand disturbance. This well replicated (1350-2023) ring-width record serves as a proxy for past temperatures and shows negative correlations with May, June, July Sitka temperatures during the 1920s through the 1940s, but not with the PDO. Possibly suggesting that this series does not respond to shifts in the PDO, but instead shifts in the Pacific current, which tend to be at their strongest during May and June. Stratospheric volcanic events can induce extended cooling to the North Pacific Current, delivering colder waters, winds, and temperatures into the Gulf of Alaska. These temperature fluctuations represent a key component of the PDO as it manifests in our study region due to the unique geospatial setting of Dude Mountain. We propose that our proxy may better reflect the Pacific Current through North Pacific Ocean heat content, which could serve as a recorder of more consistent ocean temperatures associated with PDO phases
‘Obnoxious and Disliked’ and the ‘Bastard Orphan’: 1776 and Hamilton’s Role in Shaping Individuals’ Knowledge of John Adams’s and Alexander Hamilton’s Contribution to the Creation of the American Standards of Governance
No full textFrom Founding Fathers to “Obnoxious and Disliked” and the “Bastard Orphan,” this project examines the political knowledge and perception that individuals have of John Adams’s and Alexander Hamilton’s contributions to the creations of the American standards of governance through viewing 1776 and Hamilton: An American Musical. This Independent Study draws on historical scholarship of the American Revolution, presidential biographical work on Adams and Hamilton, primary pieces of media being Hamilton and 1776, and political science research on political knowledge and education as well as political perception and film. I investigate what knowledge and perceptions individuals have of Adams’s and Hamilton’s contributions to the creation of the America standards of governance and how that knowledge and perception changes after viewing 1776 and Hamilton. In order to understand political actions today, based on founder’s intent and political opinions formed under the influence of this ‘intent,’ it is imperative to understand the knowledge and perception that individuals have regarding Adams and Hamilton and their political contributions, how it differs from who they were historically, and how popular media portrayals of Adams and Hamilton can influence the knowledge and perception individuals already hold
The Plague (Yersinia Pestis) in China: From Historical Perspectives to Modern Day Genetics
No full textWhile ancient DNA (aDNA) evidence and western primary sources have suggested an eastern origin for the second plague pandemic, little research has been done in English to understand the impact of the plague (Yesinia pestis) on China. My study looks to understand how the plague impacted life and medical literature in China at the time and how it might have changed human genetics through the process of natural selection. Using primary and secondary sources, I determined a tentative timeframe to be used in the computational portion of my project. Using methods previously used in studies focusing on European populations, I calculated pairwise FST values, a measure of genetic variability, between a pre-plague and post-plague cohort. Finally, de novo sequencing of a singular nucleotide polymorphism (rs922452) was compared with self-reported ancestral information. While the result demonstrates a change in genetic variation over time, I was unable to determine if these changes were the result of natural selection from the plague. Other explanations for these changes include sampling error, and other forces of evolution such as gene flow and genetic drift. This study provides a starting point for future research asking if the plague caused natural selection to occur in Chinese populations
Voyageuse au bout de la nuit
No full textQu’est-ce que la solitude chez Barbara ? Premièrement, il s’agit du geste du déni. L’esprit esseulé n’accepte pas que l’esseulement, c’est-à-dire le sentiment d’un manque de l’autre, soit une partie de lui. Il s’agit d’une fuite, d’une auto-aliénation. Ses sentiments d’être abandonné, il les garde devant lui, de loin, et refuse d’engager dans eux. Deuxièmement, reconnaissant que ces sentiments soient inéluctables, il se plonge entièrement dans l’esseulement et s’y noie, devenant dramatiquement et symboliquement solipsiste. Il invente des rêves et béatifie sa futilité perçue au moyen de désirs et de fantaisies : c’est le geste de la résignation. Finalement, l’esprit esseulé réalise que c’est tout en son pouvoir de surmonter cet état indésirable précisément en acceptant qu’il est autosuffisant et libre, alors que jusqu’ici il ignore son pouvoir être complet sans autre et se vautre dans son apitoiement. Ce geste de l’acceptation complète le mouvement de l’esseulement à la solitude. Dans la solitude, l’individu apprend ce qu’est d’être individu, de se distinguer ; dans le silence, l’individu apprend ce qu’est de se libérer de lui-même et revenir à l’indiscernable. Ces deux phases d’un cycle perpétuel, la reprise de soi et l’aventure vers l’infini, ne cessent d’alterner. Qu’est-ce qu’alors le silence chez Barbara ? Plutôt qu’une absence de son, l’intense positivité du silence pour quelqu’un qui l’entend ne peut se définir que comme inspiration primordiale : comme courant soutenu par nos songes qui nourrit en nous la foi aux invincibles soleils des autres-terres dans notre nostalgie du tout et notre besoin d’y aller. En silence, le manque intérieur d’une notion de nécessité permet à l’individu de cultiver le sentiment d’être sans racines, de se déraciner, de ne pas prendre la vie au sérieux, de se perdre dans sa marche créatrice
Dust in the Wind: Optimization of Removal of Atmospheric Particulate Matter from Collection Slides
No full textThe Ideological Influence of American Neoliberalism on Individual Conceptions of Liberal Language
No full textNeoliberalism is generally argued among scholars to be the dominant ideology of the United States, with this has come the explanation for many of the changes the US has gone through in the past three decades. An aspect of American neoliberalism without much scholarship though, is the experience and role individuals played and actively play in neoliberalism’s origin and subsistence. This article seeks to understand the ideological experience of an individual living under contemporary American neoliberalism. This is achieved through an investigation and conception of ideology, individual agency within ideologies, and American neoliberalism. Utilizing said conceptions, I investigate the American healthcare system and the average American’s neoliberal conception of it, green consumerism as a neoliberal solution to neoliberal problems, and the neoliberal origins of the gig economy. Ultimately concluding in a discussion of neoliberalism’s poor conception and practice of equality
The Breeding Industry: Reproductive Horror in Frankenstein, Rosemary\u27s Baby, & Bloodchild
No full textThis Independent Study examines three different science fiction works, Frankenstein (1818), Rosemary’s Baby (1969), and “Bloodchild” (1984) to explore the subgenre of birth/maternity horror and its function as a commentary on women’s rights throughout the last 200 years. I use several Feminist Marxist theories and gender theories developed by critical authors such as Silvia Federici, Judith Butler, Luce Irigaray, and Hortense Spillers to analyze these fictional works’ portrayals of motherhood and highlight the value in their depictions of parturition. This paper not only focuses on examining the history of the fear of childbirth but also delves further into how these fears have been developed through societal and cultural impacts, which still extend to today. My findings emphasize society’s commodification of the womb and fertility and how these ongoing issues express themselves within the works I am examining. Overall, the purpose of this Independent Study is to shed light on the heavily ignored and silenced issue of the denial of women’s bodily autonomy during pregnancy while displaying the horror genre’s role in social change
Incumbent Resident\u27s Perceptions of Collective Efficacy, Informal Control, and Formal Community Structure in the Kinsman Central Neighborhoods
No full textAs said by Coretta Scott King “The greatness of a community is most accurately measured by the compassionate actions of its members”. This seems to be a fact lost in our investment, regulation and conception of community within urban neighborhoods. That the community and its strength or weakness comes from those who inhabit it. Understanding the extent to which residents rely on informal relationships rather than formal institutions can provide new insights into the mechanisms that contribute to community cohesion, particularly in historically marginalized neighborhoods like Kinsman and Central. By engaging with longtime residents who have relied on and participated in these networks in neighborhoods. This study looks for a better understanding of what constitutes and creates strong community. The findings will have implications for community development, and future research on neighborhood resilience. Ultimately, this study aims to provide a richer and more resident-driven account of the ways in which collective efficacy and informal social networks operate in Kinsman and Central neighborhoods