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Neuroblastoma: Red Flag Signs and Symptoms
No full textNeuroblastoma is defined as a neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system, specifically the immature neural crest cells. “Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a multipotent and migratory cell population in the developing embryo that contribute to the formation of a wide range of tissues. Defects in the development, differentiation and migration of NCCs give rise to a class of syndromes and diseases that are known as neurocristopathies.”³ Accounting for the mysterious and varied presentation of neuroblastoma can be difficult, especially in the primary care setting. Although most pt’s will acquire a neuroblastoma diagnosis upon hospital admission and workup (because significant imaging and biopsy is required), there is potential for early triage in the family practice office setting. While the pediatric oncologists continue to trailblaze the management and care of neuroblastoma patients, it is imperative that we embolden the general care practitioners to cement a systematic radar for which they can catch red flag signs and symptoms of children at risk for the disease.
Srinivasan, A. and Toh, Y.-C. (2019) Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest cells for tissue regeneration and disease modeling, Frontiers. Frontiers. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2019.00039/full#:~:text=Neural%20crest%20cells%20(NCCs)%20are,that%20are%20known%20as%20neurocristopathies. (Accessed: January 25, 2023)
High energy blue light induces oxidative stress and retinal cell apoptosis
Get PDFBlue light (BL) is a high energy, short wavelength spanning 400 to 500 nm. Found in technological and environmental forms, BL has been shown to induce photochemical damage of the retina by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Excess ROS leads to oxidative stress, which disrupts retinal mitochondrial structure and function. As mitochondria amply occupy photoreceptors, they also contribute to oxidative stress due to their selectively significant absorption of BL at 400 to 500 nm. ROS generation that induces oxidative stress subsequently promotes retinal mitochondrial apoptosis. BL filtering and preventative mechanisms have been suggested to improve or repair BL-induced retinal damage, including BL blocking lenses and the low light therapy called photobiomodulation (PBM). The mechanism behind ROS leading to apoptosis when stimulated by red light (RL) and near-infrared light (NIRL), or PBM, remains poorly understood. However, previous studies have shown PBM to improve mitochondrial apoptotic conditions and respiration, while also decreasing ROS production and protecting photoreceptor gene expression. This thesis evaluates the ameliorative effect of PBM on BL-induced retinal mitochondrial apoptosis, oxidative stress, and metabolism instability. A study conducted by Heinig et al. (2020) observed that PBM increased oxidative phosphorylation complex activity, improved apoptotic conditions, and regulated mRNA gene expression following BL exposure. Additionally, Heinig et al. determined that complexes I and II are also PBM targets besides complex IV in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. A study by Kaynezhad et al. (2022) found that environmental BL significantly disrupts retinal cell hemodynamics and mitochondrial metabolism. PBM has illustrated the ability to improve retinal damage caused by BL, solidifying its revolutionary application in effective treatments against BL exposure
Arcadia Magazine, 2023-07
No full texthttps://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/alumni_magazine/1131/thumbnail.jp
Peaceful Protestors or Criminals: The Relationship Between Government, Protests, and Social Movements in the United Kingdom
Get PDFThis paper seeks to understand the critical relationship between government officials, protestors, and social movements in the United Kingdom. A three-part case study will examine how the state of the government and legal regulations impact the implementation and outcome of protests or public demonstrations in major social movements. The government along with law enforcement plays a key role in the past, present, and future of how social movements utilize protests. Social movements and organizations must carefully consider the legal regulations surrounding public demonstrations as well as the legal consequences for infringing upon the legal regulations put into place. This study finds that a collaborative approach in which social movements and the government maintain a positive relationship establishes an environment for the effective use of the right to demonstrate and overall maintenance of public safety
Filling the Gaps in Mental Health Care; Considerations and Approach to CBT in Clinical Practice
Get PDFCaring for patients with psychiatric illnesses is an inevitable part of being a health care provider in the United States. The increasing prevalence of mental illness and shortage of mental health clinicians places considerable burden on the US health care system. Few treatment modalities have been as consistently effective as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in treating a wide range of psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this article is to educate both current and future health care providers on the practice of and indications for CBT, identify barriers to its implementation, and to improve awareness of opportunities for CBT training and treatment for patients
Alzheimer\u27s diagnosis and treatment: Considerations in cognitive therapy, pharmacotherapy, and physical activity
No full textAlzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the US, affecting more than 6 million people. Given the amount of financial burden and time needed for this patient population, the choice of management should be carefully considered. Current treatment options includes physical activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA antagonists, and cognitive therapy or rehabilitation. Physical activity has been shown to be the most effective in improving overall cognitive function, while most studies show that pharmacotherapy and cognitive therapy are limited or have very little effect
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Insights into the Clinical Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Opportunities
No full textAlpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a prevalent inherited disease that is often underdiagnosed despite its high incidence rate compared to other well-known genetic disorders. This lack of proper diagnosis not only hinders patients from receiving appropriate treatment but also has a hidden impact on their familial offspring, who may unknowingly carry the same disease. This paper aims to shed light on the issue of underdiagnosis of AATD and provide concise insights into the measures clinicians can take to improve the diagnosis and management of this relatively common yet often overlooked condition
Efficacy of Current Hypertension Guidelines in African Americans
No full textHypertension is a chronic disease of the cardiovascular system that is highly prevalent amongst the African American community affecting over 1/3 Black individuals. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to severe end-organ dysfunction such as cerebrovascular accidents and kidney damage. The current standard of care includes lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic therapy, though current recommendations advise against the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) as monotherapy in Black patients. This review analyzes the efficacy of this guideline and the importance of the reevaluation of the efficacy of race-based medicine
Evaluation of Possible Interventions Used for Infantile Colic
No full textMany parents and families struggle with the effects of infantile colic. These periods of inconsolable crying with no discernable cause present both emotional and physical challenge, and treatment paths have been somewhat contradictory and unclear. The plan to alleviating the distressing symptoms of colic should be tailored to the cause in each baby. Potential etiologies discussed by researchers include lack of parental education, stressful environments, allergic reaction to cows’ milk, change in gastrointestinal microbiota, or general stomach discomfort due to flatulence. The approach should begin with simple and natural solutions before progressing to the introduction of therapeutic options. Thus, the first line intervention includes behavioral modifications and education of parents. Next, a trial of dietary modifications, hypoallergenic diet in mother or hydrolysate formula, can be attempted before supplementation of probiotics, herbal therapies, and aromatherapy. Treatment that was not effective in research or induced harmful effects in the baby included acupuncture, chiropathy, soymilk substitution, and the use of pharmacologic therapies such as simethicone, dicyclomine, or omeprazole. Overall, further research is necessary with larger experimental groups and bottle-fed infants
Pain Control Methods in In-Office Gynecologic Procedures: A Critique
No full textGynecologic procedures commonly done in-office such as colposcopy with cervical biopsy, hysteroscopy, intrauterine device (IUD) insertion, and endometrial biopsy are routine and essential to female health care. Often, patients are anxious and hesitant about getting these procedures after learning about the pain associated with them. This can prevent them from receiving needed care or prevent completion of a successful procedure. For these reasons, pain control for these procedures is important, although there is no consensus in the literature on what is effective or best practice. There is a limited amount of recent studies done on pain control for these procedures, and those that exist involve varying methods of design, outcome, and patient population. Recently published systematic reviews still cite evidence from decades prior, and use it to support current conclusions. This is illustrated in the evidence described below. Based on current research, the best methods for pain control are topical and local anesthesia for cervical pain, and para or intracervical blocks and intrauterine anesthesia for additional uterine pain. It is clear that there are many variables that play a role in pain perception during and after these procedures, which may play a role in ambiguity in the literature