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Cyprus: National Bank Holiday, 2013
Full text linkThe Greek government debt crisis was especially hard on the two largest Cypriot banks. Bank of Cyprus (BoC) and Laiki Bank lost EUR 1.8 billion and EUR 2.3 billion, respectively, on their Greek government bonds after the European Union (EU) decision in October 2011 to haircut the bonds. Over the next year, Laiki Bank faced severe liquidity problems from depositor withdrawals, the Central Bank of Cyprus (CBC) extended to it significant emergency liquidity assistance, and the government owned 84% of the bank after injecting EUR 1.8 billion. The Cypriot economy also suffered negative effects and in March 2013, authorities negotiated a EUR 10 billion economic adjustment program with the EU, European Central Bank, and International Monetary Fund (together the “troika”) that required authorities to stabilize the two stressed banks without troika funds. Early on Saturday, March 16, the Cypriot government and the Eurogroup, the finance ministers of EU member states using the euro, announced a plan for troika aid that included a one-time tax on all Cypriot bank deposits, although overseas branches of Cypriot banks were excluded. The authorities anticipated depositors would run. While commercial bank branches are closed on Saturdays, the authorities shut down electronic transfers to prevent electronic runs. However, they left ATMs open. After the announcement, depositors emptied ATMs and ran on cooperative banks, which are typically open on Saturdays; the cooperative banks subsequently closed. When the parliament rejected the bank-levy plan on Monday, March 18, a national holiday, the CBC imposed a bank holiday that ultimately lasted 10 days. During the bank holiday, authorities and the troika agreed on a new plan for the banks: Laiki Bank would be resolved, and BoC would be restructured. Uninsured depositors in both banks would take losses. Cyprus put in place capital controls and deposit withdrawal restrictions at the end of the bank holiday to avoid excessive liquidity flight. The capital controls were revised multiple times, cash withdrawal restrictions ended in March 2014, and controls were completely removed in April 2015. Uninsured depositors of the two troubled banks were frozen and ultimately bailed in
Lessons Learned: Benoît Cœuré
No full textBenoît Cœuré held several positions in the French Treasury in the years leading to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). He was an economic adviser to the director general of the French Treasury from 1997–2002, deputy chief executive and chief executive of the French debt management office from 2002–2007, and assistant secretary for multilateral affairs, trade, and development from 2007–2009. He served as chief economist and deputy director general in 2009–2011. He joined the European Central Bank (ECB) during the European Sovereign debt Crisis and was responsible for market operations, market infrastructure supervision and European and international relations as a member of the ECB Executive Board and the Governing Council from 2012 through 2019. He was elected chairman of the BIS Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI) in 2013 and was named to head the BIS Innovation Hub in 2020, a position he held until 2022. Since 2022, he has been president of the Autorité de la concurrence, France’s competition oversight authority
Review of Trans and Gender Diverse Voices in Libraries
Full text linkThis book review summarizes and discusses Trans and Gender Diverse Voices in Libraries, a compilation of fifty-three individual essays by and for trans and gender diverse people in the library and information science (LIS) profession. Edited by Kalani Keahi Adolpho, Stephen G. Krueger, and Krista McCraken, the 547-page work was published by Library Juice Press in 2023. This review provides a thorough look at each of the book’s seven sections, which are designated by professional focus or career stage, and emphasizes and contextualizes the importance of the title within the landscape of LIS literature
Implementation Of Teamstepps® In A Peri-Operative Environment In An Urban Medical Center
No full textProblem and Context: Preventable Patient Harm (PPH) continues to occur frequently in healthcare. Failures in communication, poorly functioning teams, and a lack of shared mental models (SMMs) continue to challenge healthcare organizations. The purpose of this PI project was to improve communication and teamwork, among team members in a Peri-Operative setting. TeamSTEPPS® was selected as the training curriculum. Multiple parameters, including perceptions of teamwork, and safety metrics were evaluated pre and post-intervention.
Intervention: TeamSTEPPS® was selected as the training curriculum. TeamSTEPPS® is a highly adaptable curriculum designed to address these gaps and to improve team function in the healthcare setting. Multiple parameters, including perceptions of teamwork, and safety metrics were evaluated pre and post-intervention.
Aims and Methods: The TeamSTEPPS® curriculum was adapted to the needs of the department and delivered to participants in a single 4-hour session. The TeamSTEPPS® Teamwork Perceptions Questionnaire (T-TPQ), was administered prior to the educational session and 60 days after.
Results: The T-TPQ total scores, and scores for each of 5 domains (Team Function, Team Leadership, Situation Monitoring, Mutual Support, and Communication) were calculated for both pre and post-intervention and analyzed for differences between them. While the scores trended positively, there was not a statistically significant difference between any of the domains pre and post-intervention.
Implications: Given the short length of time between pre and post T-TPQ measurement, there may not have been enough time elapsed to impact the outcomes, and measurement again in 6 months’ time may lead to different findings. While this project did not find a significant effect after this TeamSTEPPS® training, many studies have. This is true across many different types of departments and organizations globally, and TeamSTEPPS® should be considered as a tool to improve teamwork, safety culture, and teamwork
Tariffs and Trade Deficits
Full text linkThis paper develops a complete-markets model to analyze the determinants of endogenous trade imbalances across countries. We introduce a framework where countries can trade in Arrow-Debreu securities to insure against different states of the world, which enables them to run deficits in some states and surpluses in others. The model allows for counterfactual analysis of various trade policy scenarios, such as unilateral tariff impositions. We derive the conditions under which trade deficits arise endogenously and discuss implications for welfare and trade policy analysis
Beyond Vulnerability: Climate Change And The Moral Authority Of Youth
Full text linkYoung people worldwide demand a voice in climate governance, yet their perspectives remain largely excluded from the moral frameworks that shape climate policy. This exclusion not only marginalizes children’s lived experiences and ethical reasoning but also perpetuates paternalistic norms and dangerous marginalization. To counter this, this thesis study shows that youth are not just passive stakeholders but moral agents whose perspectives yield a more just and comprehensive understanding of climate responsibility. Recognizing their ethical insights is crucial for medicine, especially pediatrics and child psychiatry, given how climate change amplifies health risks like respiratory illnesses, heat-related conditions, and eco-anxiety. Understanding how youth conceptualize climate ethics helps clinicians offer developmentally informed support and advocate for child-centered policies.
We divide this thesis into two parts. First, a theoretical argument draws on feminist epistemology and social movement theory to highlight how excluding children’s voices creates knowledge gaps and ethical blind spots (Part 1). It critiques rationalist traditions that dismiss experience-based and relational reasoning, arguing that children’s exclusion from climate governance follows a pattern of epistemic marginalization.
Second, an empirical analysis (Part 2) examines how young people develop climate ethics, using a secondary analysis of qualitative data from 115 participants (ages 7 to 18) across the United States, France, and Brazil. Thematic analysis, informed by grounded theory, reveals six moral principles shaping youth climate ethics. Rather than treating responsibility as purely individual, participants view it as relational and role-based, emphasizing intergenerational fairness, government and corporate accountability, and the need to balance personal choices with systemic change. Their reasoning integrates emotion and lived experience with logic, challenging dominant ethics frameworks.
Overall, the findings show that young people form sophisticated ethical positions, prioritizing intergenerational fairness, relational responsibility, and structural accountability. To ensure equitable and morally sound climate policy, youth must be included not merely as affected populations but as genuine contributors to the ethical frameworks guiding climate action
Immediate Surgery For Acute Type A Aortic Dissection? Gleanings From A Specialized Aortic Center
No full textAcute type A aortic dissection is a surgical emergency associated with significantmorbidity and mortality. Debate persists regarding the necessity of immediate surgical management versus prioritizing anti-impulse therapy or revascularization techniques, particularly in the presence of malperfusion or malperfusion syndromes. This study evaluates the role of emergent surgical intervention for acute type A aortic dissection in patients with malperfusion syndromes, categorized according to the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) classification system. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 80 patients who underwent surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection at Yale-New Haven Hospital between October 2019 and October 2022. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify predictors of mortality. Patients were divided into three groups: Penn class A (n=27, no malperfusion), Penn class B (n=22, localized malperfusion), and Penn class C (n=31, global malperfusion with circulatory shock). The mean patient age was 65.2 ± 13.7 years, and 65% of the cohort were male. Cerebral malperfusion emerged as the most common subtype (P\u3c0.001). The predominant surgical approach involved hemiarch aortic replacement with aortic valve/root repair. Antegrade thoracic endovascular aortic repair was more frequently performed in Penn class B and C patients compared to those in class A (50.0%, 41.9%, vs. 14.8%, P=0.02). Postoperative complications were common, with pneumonia occurring in 23.8% of patients, renal failure in 48.8%, and unplanned reoperations in 18.8%—primarily due to bleeding. Strokes were observed in 10% of cases, predominantly among patients with preoperative neurologic deficits, and none occurred in Penn class A. Persistent neurologic deficits were significantly more frequent in Penn class C compared to Penn class B (19.4% vs. 9.1%, P=0.049). Both malperfusion groups showed a strong association with renal failure and dialysis requirements. Patients in Penn class C experienced higher rates of pneumonia (38.7%, P=0.04) and tracheostomy (35.5%, P=0.003). The overall postoperative mortality rate was 10%, with the highest mortality in Penn class C (19.4%, P=0.048). Despite these differences, three-year post-discharge survival did not vary significantly across groups (Log- rank, P=0.57). Immediate surgical intervention yielded favorable outcomes, with a 90% survival rate and neurological recovery in 80% of patients. Circulatory shock emerged as the most critical predictor of operative mortality, followed by visceral malperfusion. However, long-term survival after hospital discharge was independent of initial clinical presentation. Our study thus shows that immediate surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection, regardless of Penn classification, achieves excellent short-term outcomes, with a high survival rate and neurological recovery in the majority of patients. While circulatory shock and visceral malperfusion are significant predictors of operative mortality, the long-term survival after hospital discharge is not influenced by the initial clinical presentation
“a Double-Edged Sword”: Influence Of The 21st Century Cures Act On The Childhood Cancer Care Experience
Full text linkThe 21st Century Cures Act yielded policy change that allows patients toimmediately access components of their electronic health record (EHR) via an online portal. For children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs) with cancer and their families, this federal mandate has profound implications. We sought to explore how immediate EHR portal access influences the childhood cancer care experience. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants, including parents of children with cancer, AYAs with cancer, and pediatric oncology healthcare professionals, at three National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Across 84 participants, 71% self-identified as women and 61% as non-Hispanic White. Most participants shared that EHR portal access empowers patients and families to assume greater agency in their cancer care; enhances trust and transparency between patients and their healthcare team; and bolsters some facets of communication. While parents and patients acknowledged the potential harms that may be associated with EHR portal access, many described a willingness to tolerate this risk in favor of immediate access. Healthcare professionals described implementing practice changes since implementation of the Cures Act, such as modifying language in clinical notes and setting expectations regarding timing of result release with patients. Healthcare professionals and AYAs also described the challenges that the Cures Act poses to adolescent privacy. Finally, participants suggested numerous changes to information delivery via the EHR portal to better leverage its benefits, minimize harm, and accommodate patient and family preferences. While key informants recognize that EHR portal access offers important benefits in childhood cancer care, participants also identified ways in which it can impede on patient, family, and healthcare team collaboration and well-being. In this new era of information sharing, further reforms are needed to improve health information delivery and the cancer care experience
Neurologic Relics Of Disease; Epigenetic Scars Of Neurosyphilis
No full textIn addition to causing acute illness, infections, even following successful treatment, can both increase risk for developing or cause new, emergent disease, including neurological and psychiatric disease. Despite this understanding, a comprehensive and overarching examination of the relationship between various neurological and psychiatric diseases with infections is missing from the scientific corpus. This thesis aims to enumerate the evidence for the relationship between various neurologic and psychiatric diseases with infection and describe proposed mechanisms for how infections affect risk for developing these diseases. We use this birds-eye framing of post-infectious neurological sequelae to better understand our case-control study on acute neurosyphilis and post-treatment neurosyphilis. Despite neurosyphilis’ long history, its pathogenesis is not well-characterized, especially with regards to how it affects individuals following antibiotic treatment. Therefore, we aim to characterize neurosyphilis (NS) pathogenesis before treatment and assess cellular changes following treatment. We longitudinally analyzed DNA methylation and RNA expression changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 11 participants with laboratory-confirmed NS (CSF VDRL positive) and 11 matched controls with syphilis without NS (non-NS). DNA methylation profiles from CSF and PBMCs of participants with NS significantly differed from those of participants with non-NS. Some genes associated with these differentially methylated sites had corresponding RNA expression changes in the CSF (111/1097, 10.1%), which were enriched in B-cell, cytotoxic-compound, and insulin-response pathways. Despite antibiotic treatment, approximately 80% of CSF methylation changes persisted; suggesting that epigenetic scars accompanying NS may persistently affect immunity following infection. Future studies must examine whether these sequelae are clinically meaningful