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When Dirty Data Leads to Dirty Policing
Get PDFOn May 25th, 2020, George Floyd was tragically killed by police officers in Minneapolis. While George Floyd’s death was the shock that catapulted the Black Lives Matter (“BLM”) movement to the center of international attention, it was also just the tip of the iceberg. Floyd’s death was not the first death of a black person at the hands of the police, nor would it be the last. “A black person is killed by a police officer in America at a rate of more than one [person] every other day.” These repeated incidents across the country have ignited a mass movement centered on police violence against people of color, and predictive policing is at the forefront of the conversation. Yet the timing and casual cruelty of the death of George Floyd, recorded and shared on social media, spurred a national uprising. As people across America protested in the streets, the public seemed to take a greater interest in the history of the American criminal justice system and its roots in racial oppression. Although BLM has existed since 2013, the movement and policy discussion has gained a great deal of attention since the summer of 2020.
From Blue Skies to Gray Areas: Examining Privacy and Property Law in the Age of Drone Technology
Get PDFThis article presents a comprehensive analysis of the legal frameworks governing the use of drones in both the United States and the European Union, and the privacy and property rights issues that arise from their use. The article emphasizes the importance of balancing the benefits of drone technology with the protection of individual rights. The regulatory frameworks governing drones are compared between the two jurisdictions, highlighting key similarities and differences. Furthermore, the article delves into the legal challenges surrounding drone usage and property rights, offering several solutions to address privacy concerns. In conclusion, the article highlights the need for a proper balance between the rights of landowners and drone operators and greater clarity in the United States law regarding airspace rights over low-altitude airspace above an individual\u27s land. The article recommends that state legislatures clarify landowners\u27 rights to exclude drones from their property or that governments exercise eminent domain to condemn public drone pathways or corridors. It also suggests that transparency in the operation of drones over private property is necessary to promote accountability for potential privacy violations
Preparing for a faculty position at a Primarily Undergraduate Institution (PUI)
No full textThis article originated from discussions in a workshop held by the Primarily Undergraduate Institution Section of the Botanical Society of America (BSA) at our Botany 2022 meeting in Anchorage. We hope this article will provide some useful ideas and tips for people interested in applying for faculty positions at bachelor’s degree granting Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs). We recognize that our experiences are not universal. While our trajectories toward, and experiences in, our current positions as PUI faculty members may vary, we share Preparing for a Faculty Position at a Primarily Undergraduate Institution (PUI) a common passion for undergraduate mentoring and teaching in plant biology. Our perspectives reflect our experiences as botanists within PUI institutions, and while we offer these suggestions in the hopes of fostering more successful academic botanists, much of the content in the article could apply to other subdisciplines within biology. In this article, our intent is to share our collective perspectives to help others explore strategies about how to successfully chart their own path towards a PUI faculty position
“¡Hay doscientas mujeres de talento que escriben en el país!”. Archivos, afectos y feminismos. Presentación
No full textCon la sorpresa y alegría propia de los signos de admiración, el gran y polémico cronista de las primeras décadas del S XX, en el Río de la Plata, anunciaba unas tres páginas de pequeñas fotos tipo carné con sus consabidos nombres: algunas con el pelo corto, largo, mirando de frente o de costado, más jóvenes, más viejas... así posaban un sinnúmero de escritoras. (Soiza Reilly, 1934: 78) Soiza Reilly llevaba unos años ya haciendo foco en la participación de las mujeres en la vida social. Esta nota se publicaba en septiembre de 1934, año en que Alfonsina Storni publicaba Mundo de siete pozos, Norah Lange hacía poco que había publicado 45 días y 30 marineros y Victoria Ocampo llevaba unos años dirigiendo Sur. ¿Qué tienen en común estas tres escritoras tan distintas entre sí? Básicamente, las marcas de género que atravesaron sus imágenes públicas en tantotales. Las doscientas mujeres más o menos desconocidas de aquellas páginas ilustran la cantidad; Storni, Lange y Ocampo, en cambio, son ejemplos de mujeres excepcionales: surge así una paradoja desde la que se temía y celebraba la cantidad al mismo tiempo en que se construía la imagen de la mujer que escribía como un fenómeno extraño y poco habitual. La paradoja se diluye apenas al mirar los lugares de circulación de las escritoras: pocas y únicas suelen ser en las revistas literarias—Lange en Martín Fierro; Delfina Bunge y Storni en Nosotros, Hermina Brumana en Claridad—; muchas eran en las revistas de divulgación masiva y en las publicaciones populares como La novela semanal, por ejemplo. Este fenómeno permite revisar el lugar de las escritoras en la literatura argentina, junto con ciertos problemas que vale la pena mencionar: el sexo como garantía de la coherencia entre autor/nombre/seudónimo; los afectos como una agencia política ante los mecanismos de opresión y el archivo como ese espacio que casi por azar permite recortar algo, un pedacito del pasado que sirve para pensar tanto el pasado como el presente. Un atento recorrido por reseñas, comentarios y artículos sobre textos con firma femenina en diarios y revistas de la primera parte del S XX, permite afirmar que Soiza Reilly tenía razón, pero hay algo más: las adjetivaciones estaban más orientadas a ratificar el sexo que a valorar la obra: la poesía viril de Storni, la sabiduría de Ocampo, la belleza que ha hacía de Lange una musa de la vanguardia. Por eso, quizás, el caso más emblemático, por lo absurdo de su éxito, haya sido el de Clara Beter, siendo que las ficciones críticas, como las llama Molloy, sobre las escritoras fueron un aspecto central en la credibilidad de aquella poeta apócrifa
From Values to Opinions: Predicting Human Behaviors and Stances Using Value-Injected Large Language Models
No full textBeing able to predict people’s opinions on issues and behaviors in realistic scenarios can be helpful in various domains, such as politics and marketing. However, conducting large-scale surveys like the European Social Survey to solicit people’s opinions on individual issues can incur prohibitive costs. Leveraging prior research showing influence of core human values on individual decisions and actions, we propose to use value-injected large language models (LLM) to predict opinions and behaviors. To this end, we present Value Injection Method (VIM), a collection of two methods—argument generation and question answering—designed to inject targeted value distributions into LLMs via fine-tuning. We then conduct a series of experiments on four tasks to test the effectiveness of VIM and the possibility of using value-injected LLMs to predict opinions and behaviors of people. We find that LLMs value-injected with variations of VIM substantially outperform the baselines. Also, the results suggest that opinions and behaviors can be better predicted using value-injected LLMs than the baseline approaches
Yes, Virginia, Joe-Pye weed is in the daisy family!
No full textThe 2023 Virginia Native Plant Society Wildflower of the Year is Eutrochium fistulosum, Hollow Joe-pye-weed (Figure 1). Several closely related species are also called Joe-pye Weed, and they are all classified in the genus Eutrochium, a member of Asteraceae, the Daisy family. If, after glancing at Figure 1, your response to that last sentence is something along the lines of, “What? The Daisy family? Joe-pye Weeds don’t look anything at all like daisies!” this article, an overview of the morphological characteristics of Asteraceae in general and the Joe-pye Weeds in particular, is for you
Pollination biology of Joe-Pye Weed is fascinating
No full textJoe-Pye Weeds (Eutrochium spp.) and the closely related Thoroughworts (Eupatorium spp.) are widely appreciated for their ability to attract numerous, diverse, pollinators (Figure 1). Colorful butterflies large and small, bees both native and domesticated, hummingbirds, wasps, and other insects are common floral visitors. As I wrote the article about Joe-Pye Weed in the last issue of Sempervirens (Hayden 2023), it occurred to me that, because Joe-Pye Weeds and their relatives attract so many pollinators, their flowers must produce both nectar and pollen to attract such a diverse array of floral visitors—some pollinators consume pollen, others sip nectar, and some do both. As I hypothesized about nectar and nectaries in Joe-Pye Weed flowers, another question came to mind: where were these supposed nectaries located
The square roots of some classical operators
Get PDFIn this paper we give complete descriptions of the set of square roots of certain classical operators, often providing specific formulas. The classical operators included in this discussion are the square of the unilateral shift, the Volterra operator, certain compressed shifts, the unilateral shift plus its adjoint, the Hilbert matrix, and the Cesàro operator