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Where they sing solo: Accounting for cross-cultural variation in collective music-making in theories of music evolution
Get PDFCollective, synchronous music-making is far from ubiquitous across traditional, small-scale societies. We describe societies that lack collective music and offer hypotheses to help explain this cultural variation. Without identifying the factors that explain variation in collective music-making across these societies, theories of music evolution based on social bonding (Savage et al.) or coalition signaling (Mehr et al.) remain incomplete
Electric Airplanes: Bridging the Technological and Regulatory Gap
Get PDFBusiness success depends on two overarching factors: (1) filling a market niche, and (2) doing it better than the competition. Just such a market gap exists in aviation. Fuel prices rise over time, and the maintenance costs for aging aircraft contribute to skyrocketing costs for training pilots. While shifting pilot training to simulators and allowing the use of alternative types of aircraft to satisfy training requirements addresses some of the cost of aviation, the basic truth remains that flying is expensive and involves burning a large amount of fossil fuel. However, battery breakthroughs usher in a new reality, one which offers a new way to reduce the cost of aviation while responding to mounting environmental degradation
Reaffirming the Superiority of Human Attorneys in legal Document Review and Examining the Limitations of Algorithmic Approaches to Discovery\u27: Not So Fast
Get PDFIn Humans Against the Machines: Reaffirming the Superiority of Human Attorneys in Legal Document Review and Examining the Limitations of Algorithmic Approaches to Discovery, Robert Keeling et al. “challeng[e] the prevailing wisdom around what predictive coding purports to do, and argu[e] that machines are simply not what they are promoted to be, especially in the discovery process.” We choose not to address their erroneous claims that “the results of prior research on predictive coding . . . reveal flaws,” or their asserted “correct[ion] of misunderstandings,” except to say that the study cited in footnote 143 of their paper corroborates the prior research findings and explicitly addresses the impact of manual review as a component of technologyassisted review (“TAR”), showing that manual screening of the results of “predictive coding” increases precision at the expense of recall
Responding to the Digital Health Revolution
Get PDFThis Article describes how dominant technology firms have revolutionized the healthcare industry in only a few years. Now, medical treatment and research are predicated on constant, decentralized data collection, prediction and personalization, and algorithmic judgments. The new digital health paradigm implicates issues of privacy, bias, autonomy, equity, and discrimination. Yet Big Tech has been quick to justify its new practices as an opportunity for better care, quicker discovery of cures, and ultimately, lives saved. Moreover, many medical practitioners welcome this healthcare revolution as a chance to deemphasize the importance of patient privacy and autonomy in American bioethics and prioritize the free flow of medical information to improve health systems. Whatever the merits of the new regime, current legislation is ill-suited for a data-driven approach to healthcare because it leaves gaps in regulation and harms unaddressed. This Article argues that while reform is necessary, new regulation should not reflexively guard patient privacy. Rather, any legislative response must also account for other concerns like bias, equity, autonomy, and collective benefit. These considerations are often at odds with one another, and tradeoffs are unavoidable. This Article offers a framework for evaluating new digital healthcare tools in the context of these conflicting fundamental values, accounting for harms and benefits at both the individual and societal level. Finally, this Article suggests a number of legislative requirements necessary for any regulation to adequately respond to the digital health revolution
Effects of Print Exposure on an Online Lexical Decision Task: A Direct Replication Using a Web-Based Experimental Procedure
No full textDue to the global pandemic, behavioral sciences including psychology that have traditionally relied on face-to-face data collection methods are facing a crisis. Given these circumstances, the present study was designed as a web-based replication of the findings reported in Lee et al. (2019) on the relationship between print exposure measured by the Korean Author Recognition Test (KART) and online measures of word processing using the lexical decision task and offline measures of language ability. We used the PsychoPy3 and Pavlovia platform in which participants were presented with a series of tasks in an entirely web-based environment. We found that scores on the KART were correlated with scores on a measure of language skills as well as self-reported reading habits. In addition, KART scores modulated the word frequency effect in the lexical decision task such that participants with higher KART scores tended to have smaller frequency effects. These results were highly consistent with previous lab-based studies including Lee et al. indicating that web-based experimental procedures are a viable alternative to lab-based face-to-face experiments
Where they sing solo: Accounting for cross-cultural variation in collective music-making in theories of music evolution
No full textCollective, synchronous music-making is far from ubiquitous across traditional, small-scale societies. We describe societies that lack collective music and offer hypotheses to help explain this cultural variation. Without identifying the factors that explain variation in collective music-making across these societies, theories of music evolution based on social bonding (Savage et al.) or coalition signaling (Mehr et al.) remain incomplete
The Preemption of Collective State Antitrust Enforcement In Telecommunications
Get PDFThe dichotomy between the levels of government provided murky guidance to telecommunications firms on what behavior is anticompetitive and what decisions firms will have to spend years defending. Despite T-Mobile and Sprint agreeing to sell off several subsidiaries, helping to create a new competitor, and surviving a gamut of regulatory reviews, these companies still could not merge. At this point, preventing the deal would cause irreversible harm to the merging parties.
The conflicts that arose in the T-Mobile-Sprint merger could have been solved through the preemption of collective state antitrust enforcement in the telecommunications market, which would balance the twin goals of promoting the consumer and aggregate social welfares. The telecommunications market is subject to substantial federal scrutiny and regulation, which limits competitive choices to an abnormal degree and causes the market to suffer extraordinary damage when collective states interject themselves as enforcers. Limiting state antitrust activities is not a novel concept, with a variety of studies arguing that the inefficiencies and competing interests associated with state action substantially hamper state antitrust enforcement of national markets. This Comment does not presume to redefine the antitrust system in its entirety, but narrowly applies the possibility of preempting state action to the telecommunications market
Drones and Data: A Limited Impact on Privacy
Get PDFConcerns about drones and their impact on privacy are misplaced. Most of the scenarios discussed in the academic literature and policy commentary simply assume that drones operate in a unique way. These discussions of drones and privacy have left the antecedent question unexamined—precisely how do drones impact privacy? This Article is the first to clearly define the operational parameters of drones that impact privacy in a unique way. From this precise definition, we learn that drones operate in very few spaces that allow them to capture data inaccessible to other technologies. In short, how drones operate has a limited impact on privacy.
Drones, however, are primarily data collection devices. By tracing the flow of data into and from a drone, it becomes clear that many parties potentially have access to drone-captured data. The privacy impact of drones, therefore, must be understood in the light of the third-party doctrine. Once a drone captures data about a person, that person has almost no recourse to prevent its sharing and distribution.
Drones have also stirred the emotions of legislators. Hundreds of provisions in state and local laws purport to address the privacy concerns presented by drones and their data. This Article analyzes these laws and demonstrates that very few actually address the unique privacy impact of drones and their data flow. Furthermore, these laws interact with the third-party doctrine in a manner that mutes almost all privacy protections. Concerns about the privacy impact of drones, therefore, should focus on either limiting data capture by drones or changing the U.S. privacy doctrines
