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One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Methylfurans from 3- (Trimethylsilyl)propargyl Acetates Promoted by Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate
Get PDFIn the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) and triethylamine, 3-(trimethylsilyl)propargyl carboxylates undergo a one-pot alkylation-cyclization- desilylation reaction with ketones to produce 2-methylfurans. Alkylation at 0 °C in methylene chloride, followed by acid-catalyzed cyclization at room temperature, provides the furans in 52-86% yield. Cyclization and desilylation appear to be promoted by triflic acid generated in situ from the exposure of the reaction mixture to water upon completion of the initial substitution reaction
Comparison of capillary and venous blood for malaria detection using two PCR-based assays in febrile patients in Sierra Leone
No full textBackground
Rapid and sensitive diagnostics are critical tools for clinical case management and public health control efforts. Both capillary and venous blood are currently used for malaria detection and while diagnostic technologies may not be equally sensitive with both materials, the published data on this subject are scarce and not conclusive. Methods
Paired clinical samples of venous and capillary blood from 141 febrile individuals in Bo, Sierra Leone, were obtained between January and May 2019 and tested for the presence of Plasmodium parasites using two multiplexed PCR assays: the FilmArray-based Global Fever Panel (GFP) and the TaqMan-based Malaria Multiplex Sample Ready (MMSR) assay. Results
No significant differences in Plasmodium parasite detection between capillary and venous blood for both assays were observed. The GFP assay was more sensitive than MMSR for all markers that could be compared (Plasmodium spp. and Plasmodium falciparum) in both venous and capillary blood. Conclusions
No difference was found in malaria detection between venous and capillary blood using two different PCR-based detection assays. This data gives support for use of capillary blood, a material which can be obtained easier by less invasive methods, for PCR-based malaria diagnostics, independent of the platform
Substituent Effects and the Energetics of Noncatalyzed Aryl Halide Aminations: A Theoretical Investigation
No full textWe report the influence of substituents and physical conditions on activation energies for the noncatalyzed amination (C–N cross-coupling reactions) of aryl halides. We uncover a significant correlation between the barrier heights of the C–N bond formation and Hammett σ parameters—a formal measure of the electron-withdrawing or -donating ability of substituents on the aryl halides. Our results indicate that such correlations are useful predictive tools for the amination of aryl halides over a wide range of substituent types. From 54 cases studied (six substituents occupying specific positions relative to halogen atoms), the 2-COOHPhI + NH2nPr amination reaction is predicted to possess the lowest noncatalyzed activation free energy (135.6 kJ mol–1) using the B3LYP method. The lower barriers for the 2-COOHPhX (for X = Cl, Br, and I) compounds are shown to originate from collusion between steric and electronic effects—specifically, the momentary formation of a hydrogen bond between an oxygen site on the ortho-COOH and the lone pair of the entering amine. Internal reaction coordinate (IRC) path calculations afforded us these and other key insights into the nature of the reactions. The control exerted by substituents on the arrangement of the transition state structure, as well as the sensitivity of the reaction barriers to temperature and solvent polarity, are discussed. These results offer new perspectives from which to assess the nature of the C–N bond formation and suggest new avenues for future exploration, especially in progress toward the metal-free amination of aryl compounds
e-Museletter: October 2021
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Director\u27s Message
Library News
Find a Seat for Exams
Exam 4 Requirements
You Deserve a Treat!
Featured Resources
Materials Update
Things to Consider
Student Services Corner
Native American Heritage Month
Students, Write for the MuseNews Blog!https://scholarship.richmond.edu/museletter/1167/thumbnail.jp
University of Richmond Magazine, Spring/Summer 2021
Get PDFThe University of Richmond\u27s Alumni Magazine was first published as The Alumni Bulletin in 1936 and continues to this day as the University of Richmond Magazine
The Ethics of Human Challenge Trials: COVID-19 and Beyond.
No full textIt’s been more than a year since the advent of COVID-19. We now have several different vaccines to choose from, all of them effective, produced by a variety of different countries and firms. In all likelihood, and assuming that vaccination continues apace, the pandemic is mostly behind us. But could we have done better?
Rather than asking such a wide-open question, this month we’re focusing on just one way that the process of vaccine development and testing might have been sped up: the use of human challenge trials, in which healthy volunteers, giving informed consent beforehand, are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus under controlled conditions so as to test vaccine candidates for efficacy, and for other purposes that could shorten the pandemic and save lives. Here to discuss with us this month are a trio of prominent bioethicists: Jessica Flanigan of the University of Richmond, writing the lead essay; Ben Bramble of the Australian National University; and Charles Weijer of Western University. After all have written, a free-form discussion will follow. The comments are open, and we invite readers to join us as well
Teacher Relational Competence and Behavior Management Implementation
No full textIn order to respond productively to student disruptions, teachers must have the skills and awareness to connect with students responsively rather than reactively. Practices grounded in relationships such as social emotional learning, mindfulness, restorative, and trauma-informed practices have been shown to improve student academic engagement and behavior. They are becoming more widely known and encouraged in schools. This mixed methods study gathered data from first through third grade teachers on their relational competence and their most used behavior management practices. While survey data did not show a correlation between high teacher relational competence and usage of relationship-building practices, in-depth interviews suggested that a connection may exist
Nonprofits and Government Agencies Addressing the Needs of Mental Health Community
Get PDFNonprofit organizations have been utilizing cross-sector collaboration to address problems that are not able to be solved on their own. A partner to make said collaboration can be with any organization, business, or volunteer who has the same goals as the nonprofit organization. Mental health nonprofit organizations specifically need more partners due to how little the world knows about mental health and mental illnesses. The government is one partner many mental health organizations aim to collaborate with. Government contracts have been known to help with the many challenges nonprofit organizations face like funding and services. Previous research has suggested this collaboration has swayed nonprofit organizations from their mission due to competition and hindrances that come about in the collaboration. Nonprofit organizations need to stay on track with their mission and not worry about competition. Therefore, this collaboration could be a negative one. This study uses qualitative data from interview questions asked to employees in mental health nonprofit organizations, to analyze if there is a connection between mission fulfillment and government collaboration in the mental health nonprofit community. The findings have shown a little towards the previous research of the competition, but not enough to say if it is true or not. There are some themes showing a good relationship in the partnership as well, indicating this collaboration could be a good one for nonprofit organizations to consider. There needs to be more research done to conclude if the collaboration has been efficient. Persons in the nonprofit community can take this research into their nonprofit organizations, deciding if this collaboration could be used for their own. Policymakers could also take this research into account for future collaborations with nonprofit organizations. The findings hope to help shape what nonprofit organizations and researchers do in the future, to help with the never-ending problem of mental illness
Training Macrosystems Scientists Requires Both Interpersonal and Technical Skills.
No full textMacrosystems science strives to integrate patterns and processes that span regional to continental scales. The scope of such research often necessitates the involvement of large interdisciplinary and/or multi-institutional teams composed of scientists across a range of career stages, a diversity that requires researchers to hone both technical and interpersonal skills. We surveyed participants in macrosystems projects funded by the US National Science Foundation to assess the perceived importance of different skills needed in their research, as well as the types of training they received. Survey results revealed a mismatch between the skills participants perceive as important and the training they received, particularly for interpersonal and management skills. We highlight lessons learned from macrosystems training case studies, explore avenues for further improvement of undergraduate and graduate education, and discuss other training opportunities for macrosystems scientists. Given the trend toward interdisciplinary research beyond the macrosystems community, these insights are broadly applicable for scientists involved in diverse, collaborative projects