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Information Monopoly: Analyzing the Implications of Media Consolidation for Chilean Democracy
Full text linkThis paper examines the characteristics of the Chilean media landscape between 1990 and 2023, focusing on implications for democracy. Beginning with a literature review, I will discuss previous research regarding government threats and economic pressure on Chilean media. I will then argue that although the country has a history of strong investigative reporting, the Chilean press landscape risks undermining democracy due to concentrated ownership and a lack of public trust. I conclude by discussing several factors that could improve the quality of Chilean media
Brief of Amici Curiae In Support of Reversal on Question One
No full textThe Fourth Circuit’s decision to impose contributory liability Cox Communications, Inc. rests on a fundamental misapprehension of Cox’s role as a “conduit” Internet Service Provider. Conduits merely transmit data between endpoints; unlike content-hosting platforms like YouTube or search engines like Google, conduits do not store, curate, or control user content. They merely transmit data on behalf of third parties, and they have no ability to monitor the data they transmit. By treating Cox’s passive provision of Internet access and data transmission as a knowing, material contribution to infringement, the Fourth Circuit collapsed the crucial legal distinction between conduits and hosts, extending contributory liability into an area where no court or legislature has ever placed it.This unprecedented step disregards decades of precedent that establishes only two bases for contributory liability. First, traditional contributory liability involves ongoing infringement, and it turns on a defendant’s actual ability to prevent or remediate the infringement while it is occurring. Second, inducement liability involves future infringement, and it turns on the defendant’s active inducement of such infringement. Neither applies here.The Fourth Circuit compounded this error by conflating certain requirements of the safe harbors from the DMCA with the elements of contributory liability. The DMCA’s safe harbor regime sets conditions for immunity, but it does not define the baseline scope of liability. By treating Cox’s alleged failure to meet DMCA conditions—such as terminating repeat infringers—as substantive evidence of contributory infringement, the Fourth Circuit improperly converted a limitation on statutory immunity into a standard for fault. That reasoning erases the distinction between the availability of a statutory defense and the existence of underlying liability, effectively imposing obligations on conduits that Congress chose not to impose.Finally, the Fourth Circuit’s approach risks destabilizing copyright law by vastly expanding secondary liability without clear doctrinal or practical limits. If simply providing Internet access with knowledge of past infringement leads to contributory liability, then every conduit—including broadband providers, cell phone carriers, and even electric or utility companies that facilitate network use—could face liability whenever users misappropriate copyrighted works. That result is incompatible with this Court’s clear requirement that contributory liability rest on affirmative steps to foster such infringement, not on mere failure to terminate service.Accordingly, the Court should reverse on Question One and reaffirm that conduits do not contribute to infringement merely by providing Internet access, absent inducement or other affirmative conduct
DU BOIS AND THE PROMOTION OF ADMISSIONS DIVERSITY: A POST-GRUTTER ANALYSIS
No full textToday’s outlook on higher education for people of color is in question. Because of the downfall of affirmative action, higher educational facilities must look to factors other than race to increase or maintain diversity. W.E.B. Du Bois viewed education as a means to uplift Black people. In a time of uncertain missions of higher education, and a steadfast commitment to a con- tinuous uplift of the Black community, it is paramount to view all angles of solutions to the end of affirmative action. In analy=zing the shifting educa- tional philosophy of Du Bois against the modern struggle of maintaining di- versity in institutions of higher education, the completists may be left out. It important to understand that this is not an article of grandiose proposi- tions—of hope and prospect for the higher education sector—but a mere analysis of historical ideals rearing their head in the twenty-first-century le- gal diaspora. The historical ideals of Du Bois can teach us that the educa- tional structures, while not legally separate but equal, are still subject to un- derfunding, willful cultural incompetence, and structural disrepair. Suppose we are to view education as a means of uplifting people of color out of the structural racism of the twenty-first century. In that case, it is fundamental to analyze the founder of this ideal: Du Bois
Stem Cells: Potent Potential for Disease Treatment
No full textDifferent cells in the body serve a variety of functions. Cardiac muscle cells contract to pump blood through the heart. Nerve cells transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. Lymphocytes play a role in the immune system to fight infections (Mostafa, 2022). But how do these different cell types arise? The answer is a special type of cell: stem cells
[Introduction to] Pipeline Resistance
No full textPipeline resistance is where an often abstract and wonky climate movement meets the bravery and boldness of Indigenous and other frontline defenders of land and water who inspire direct action for environmental justice and foster creative imaginaries well beyond business-as-usual capitalism and colonialism. Especially since 2009–2016, when opposition to the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines became central to the global climate movement, scholarly literature has emerged around the theme of pipeline resistance. We chose the title “Pipeline Resistance” rather than “Pipeline Activism” because while many pipeline fighters are proud activists, many others, including many Indigenous people, decline the activist label as marginalizing, trivializing, reductive, or inadequate to describe their impetus for environmental defense. Scholarship around earlier pipeline conflicts and anti-extraction movements, especially in the Global South, is one progenitor of emergent pipeline resistance literature