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University of Richmond Magazine, Autumn 2021
Get PDFThe University of Richmond\u27s Alumni Magazine was first published as The Alumni Bulletin in 1936 and continues to this day as the University of Richmond Magazine
A comparison of the chemical bonding and reactivity of Si8H8O12 and Ge8H8O12: A theoretical study
No full textWe have analyzed the chemical bonding and reactivity in the cubic molecule octahydridosilsesquioxane, Si8H8O12, and its counterpart Ge8H8O12 by means of ab initio quantum chemical methods and group theory. Density functional theory and MP2 methods combined with the basis sets 6-311+G(d) and 6-311++G(2d,p) were used for geometry optimization and vibrational frequency analysis. The geometries of Si8H8O12 and Ge8H8O12 are unstable under Oh symmetry and distort to the rare Th molecular symmetry. The energy gained from this pseudo-Jahn–Teller distortion ranges from 0.78 to 6.14 kcal mol−1 depending on methodological treatment. The Fukui functions and the molecular electrostatic potential were both used as DFT-based reactivity descriptors. Our study shows that Si8H8O12 and Ge8H8O12 are both hard amphoteric molecules. The cavity within each cage is acidic and able to encapsulate hard small bases such as F−. The exterior of the cages is basic and can form stable exohedral complexes with hard acids, as in the case of H+. The insertion of F− in Si8H8O12 and Ge8H8O12 cages gives the most stable endohedral complexes of the series studied, characterized by formation energies of −3.50 and −3.45 eV at CAM-B3LYP/6-311+G(d) and −3.61 and −3.68 eV at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level, respectively. The calculated formation energies of the exohedral and endohedral complexes align with the DFT reactivity descriptor analysis
Understanding the impact of recipient identification and discount structure on social coupon sharing: The role of altruism and market mavenism
No full textThis study investigates consumers’ sharing of social coupons, a novel and understudied marketing strategy in which a consumer receives a coupon set where one coupon is meant to be kept and redeemed, while the other is meant to be shared with a secondary recipient. Linking the literature on marketing promotions, social influence, sharing motivations, and consumer characteristics, we examine how identification of a specific secondary recipient (e.g., family member vs. co-worker) and coupon discount structure (e.g., equal discount for both the sharer and the secondary recipient vs. a structure favoring one of the parties) affect social coupon sharing. Four experimental studies demonstrate that consumers are more likely to share social coupons when socially close to the identified recipient and when discount structure benefits the secondary recipient due to enhanced feelings of altruism. These effects are particularly impactful for individuals low in market mavenism, whereas individuals high in market mavenism share regardless. These findings enhance theories on behavioral pricing, social influence, and sharing motivations. Results indicate that current practices in the marketplace may not all be strategically sound and that practitioners should carefully consider how identification and discount structure are employed to maximize social coupon sharing
Social Media Advertising: How Online Motivations and Congruency Influence Perceptions of Trust.
No full textDrawing from uses and gratifications theory, the current research demonstrates that users\u27 trust in social media advertising is differentially influenced by the users\u27 online motivation. We focus on three specific motivation types that previous research has shown are particularly relevant to internet use: (1) information motivation, using the internet to learn about current events and to do research; (2) social-interaction motivation, using the internet to socialize with friends, family, and other individuals; and (3) entertainment motivation, using the internet to pass time and engage in enjoyable activities. Using one survey and two experiments, we show that when users have an informational motivation, trust in social media advertising is lower than when they have an entertainment or social motivation. Congruency between the content of the social media advertisement and the online motivation can mitigate the negative effect on trust associated with an informational motive, while incongruency increases involvement and privacy concerns along with distrust. These findings provide helpful guidance to managers as they implement social media advertising campaigns
A Facial Challenge: Facial Recognition Technology and the Carpenter Doctrine
Get PDFIn the 1943 Alfred Hitchcock film, Shadow of a Doubt, a handsome, young Uncle Charlie visits his sister’s family, including a teenage niece, in the suburbs. Soon after Uncle Charlie’s arrival, the niece notices an unusual quirk: more than camera shy, Uncle Charlie refuses to be caught on film at all. Uncle Charlie steps out of frame whenever a photographer appears, and when a stranger tries to snap his photo on the sidewalk, Charlie grabs the camera and exposes the film. Spoiler alert: Uncle Charlie is a criminal on the run. Not long ago, with a little effort, it was possible to go one’s entire life without leaving a photographic trace
Status of the Operator: Biologically Inspired Computing as Both A Weapon and an Effector of Laws of War Compliance
Get PDFArtificial intelligence and machine learning technology are developing in such a way that neural networks and systems architecture will soon mimic the structure and functions of the human brain. Consequently, autonomous weapons systems that rely on the limited analytical skills of today’s artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities may soon realize human-like judgment. This biologically inspired technology known as neuromorphic computing presents a breakthrough for weapons’ capabilities, particularly in the management and analyses of battlefield environments. Future cognitive lethal autonomous weapons systems (CLAWS) could complement important roles in combat, such as accountability obligations, whereas their independent compliance to the principles of distinction, proportionality, military necessity, and humanity, could surpass that of their human and machine predecessors
Salmonella: Clever Bacteria
Get PDFA recent outbreak of salmonella caused many grocery stores to recall their onions and many unknowing consumers to become ill. A major produce supplier from California, Thompson International Inc., had announced a recall on August 1st for all onion types distributed by the company starting May 1st of 2020. This caused a recall from over hundreds of grocery stores, even our familiar Kroger and Walmart grocery stores
The Fight Over the Virginia Redistricting Commission
Get PDFIn its 2020 regular session, Virginia\u27s General Assembly debated whether to send to Virginians a constitutional amendment that transfers the General Assembly’s redistricting responsibility to a newly created Virginia Redistricting Commission (VRC). The VRC is a bipartisan commission of legislators and citizens that will redraw electoral districts before sending them to the General Assembly for up-or-down ratification without alteration. If a supermajority of the VRC fails to agree on redistricted maps or the General Assembly fails to approve the maps, the Virginia Supreme Court will draw the districts. The amendment triggered a fight over how to redistrict, how to end partisan gerrymandering and how to protect minority voting rights. Virginians ratified the amendment in November 2020, but the disagreements over the amendment and the VRC linger. The amendment and the VRC do not fix Virginia’s redistricting problems. The VRC will end partisan gerrymandering but does not preclude bipartisan gerrymandering. The VRC may help protect minority voting rights but may do so no more effectively or vigorously than the General Assembly would. Finally, the amendment forces mapmakers – the VRC or the Virginia Supreme Court – to resolve policy issues regarding representation the General Assembly should have addressed before jettisoning its redistricting responsibilities. The constitutional amendment reflects vigorous action but may not yield much progress toward resolving Virginia\u27s redistricting problems
Análisis de los Impactos Socio-Ambientales de las Carretera Propuesta Trocha UC-105 entre Nuevo Italia y Puerto Breu, Ucayali, Perú
No full textA construção de estradas é cada vez mais promovida nas fronteiras compartilhadas pelo Peru e pelo Brasil, apesar de uma compreensão incompleta dos impactos socioambientais da infraestrutura de transporte na região. As estradas amazônicas geralmente se expandem informalmente, sem processo oficial do governo, consulta prévia das populações indígenas e declarações de impacto ambiental. A expansão das estradas na Amazônia também freqüentemente segue um ciclo de feedback progressivo, com novas estradas não planejadas gerando caminhos ilegais de extração de madeira e expansão agrícola que, por sua vez, expande e formaliza os sistemas de estradas. Um sistema de estradas em expansão está se desenvolvendo entre o rio Ucayali e as cabeceiras remotas do rio Yurua / Juruá. A Carretera Yurua (trilha oficialmente UC-105), mediu aproximadamente 180 km de comprimento em agosto de 2020. A pesquisa existente sugere que a construção não planejada da estrada de Yurua, que originalmente começou como estradas informais de extração de madeira que se estendiam de uma estrada para explorar combustíveis fósseis, poderia resultará em mudanças significativas de terra e facilitará a pecuária, a extração ilegal de madeira e o cultivo de coca, ameaçando pontos críticos de biodiversidade global e áreas de conservação, além de culturas e territórios indígenas ameaçados. Esta pesquisa analisa espacialmente as diferentes hidrovias, territórios culturais, unidades de conservação e outras unidades administrativas atravessadas pela via proposta. A análise adicional inclui a pegada do desmatamento e os impactos a jusante da estrada. Os métodos incluem análise de GIS e sensoriamento remoto, juntamente com pesquisa de documentos e de artigos de notícias na Internet, documentos legais, comunicações em mídias sociais, entrevistas com atores-chave e estudos de projetos de infraestrutura semelhantes nas fronteiras amazônicas com diversidade biológica
Past, Pandemic, and Future: Adaptations and Innovations in Student Engagement at Collegiate Art Programs
Get PDFThis research paper will focus on student engagement programs associated with collegiate performing arts centers and art programs and how these programs engage and support students prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic. It will look at the ways arts administrators identify and evaluate the barriers and motivations related to participation within arts programming. Lastly, this research will explore the ways in which these programs have adapted to the pandemic and how these innovations and adaptations might continue, post-pandemic, in order to better support faculty, staff, and students. Data was gathered through interviews with six student engagement professionals who work at American colleges and universities. This study reports the findings, looks at the implications, and provides recommendations gathered through the interview with arts administrators