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Wealth Without Limits: in Defense of Billionaires
No full textIn this essay we argue against preventing people from amassing extreme wealth via increased taxation. The first argument in favor of such a proposal, recently advanced by Ingrid Robeyns (2018), states that billionaires’ resources would be better spent addressing morally important goals such as meeting disadvantaged people’s needs and solving collective action problems. In response to this claim, we argue that billionaires are typically in a better position to benefit the poor and to solve collective action problems than public officials. The second argument in favor of preventing extreme wealth accumulation, advanced by Robeyns and Robert Reich (2018), states that billionaires have an inappropriate amount of influence in public life, which undermines political equality. We argue that corporate leaders tend to be more accountable to their fellow citizens than public officials. We then consider and criticize the objection that billionaires’ success is typically a result of public investment, which entitles public officials to enforce taxes that demand a return on the public investment
A systematic review of growth mindset intervention implementation strategies
No full textGrowth mindset interventions, which seek to teach the belief that attributes can change, are increasing in popularity and being leveraged to improve health. As these interventions expand in scope, there is a critical need for a systematic review of existing implementation practices to help move the field towards more robust, impactful, and replicable science. To meet this need, we took a three-fold approach. First, we created a framework for the implementation of mindset interventions (FIMI) using an inductive, interpretive approach that merged existing fidelity frameworks with growth mindset expert opinions. Second, we used the FIMI to frame a systematic, descriptive review of mindset intervention protocols and to create a checklist for transparent reporting of mindset intervention strategies. Third, we provided future research directions that can help to improve the impact of mindset interventions in health-related contexts
How Judicial Application of CDA § 230 and FHA § 3604 Have Created Safe Havens for Online Housing Discrimination
No full textThis article analyzes how the anti-discrimination language of Fair Housing Act section 3604 is currently out of reach for people being discriminated against online through the exclusionary language of Communications Decency Act section 230(c). The exclusionary language in CDA section 230(c) prevents liability from attaching to interactive computer service providers so long as the interactive computer service provider is not a creator or developer of information. Through the decisions of Zeran, Craigslist, and Roommate, the federal appellate courts created broad shield of immunity for interactive computer service providers, leading to a safe haven for discrimination online. Together the courts and Congress need to act to prevent further discrimination in housing advertisements online
Stigmatized Work and Stigmatized Workers
No full textStigmas pervade organizational life. A stigma is a discrediting social evaluation that devalues an individual or group. We review research on stigmatized work and stigmatized workers, with a particular emphasis on how people become stigmatized and what they (and others) do about it. To do so, we connect stigma to other concepts in its nomological net and compare multiple models of stigma dynamics. We consider the intertwining nature of stigma and identity/image, how context affects stigma, and how stigma is managed by both the stigmatized and the nonstigmatized. We also offer critiques of key blind spots in workplace stigma research and point toward future research in this area that is more interconnected with other literatures and more inclusive of overlooked populations. Our vantage point is that workplace stigma continues to be an exciting domain of research with a high potential for theoretical discoveries and practical applications
Proffitt v. Florida: Distorting Death
Get PDFThis essay, Chapter 7 in Painting Constitutional Law, examines Xavier Cortada’s depiction of Proffitt v. Florida, the 1976 decision that approved Florida’s guided discretion statute after Furman v. Georgia had invalidated the death penalty in 1972. Cortada’s depiction is a fantastical piece, a piece that captures the horror of death by electrocution set against two columns of ominous looking Roman numerals. The Roman numerals represent the mechanical imposition of death — the formulaic approach to death penalty decision-making that tells sentencers to simply add up the columns of aggravating and mitigating circumstances and see where the balance lies. Cortada resists this approach as obscuring the human element in death penalty decision-making, the awesome responsibility of sitting in judgment over another human being’s life. This essay unpacks Cortada’s key insight, teasing out its complexities and supporting the point with research showing that jurors do indeed treat the law as making the death decision for them, allowing them to avoid the emotionally wrought decision of deciding life or death for themselves. We numb ourselves with numbers. The essay then turns to what Cortada explains was the visual inspiration for his piece — a painting of a screaming pope by Francis Bacon. Bacon’s pope was not a comment on the death penalty, but the themes he was exploring — pain, imprisonment, isolation, and obfuscation — are all eerily apropos of the death penalty as well. Cortada’s painting is in dialogue with all four of these themes, so the second half of the essay uses these themes to draw parallels between the two pieces of art and the death penalty more broadly. Both works of art are a comment about distortion, and Cortada\u27s painting--which is reproduced on the first page of the chapter, followed by his artist\u27s statement--show how the law by institutional design works to distort death