18043 research outputs found
Sort by
Children’s Literature at Fifty: Pedagogy Under the Covers
Get PDFLike so many scholars of children’s literature, I came to children’s lit- erature through teaching. Trained as a Victorianist, I saw a gap in my department’s course offerings and somewhat naively offered to fill it with a children’s literature course, banking on my work on childhood in the Victorian novel and my pedagogical skills to carry me through. The Children’s Literature Association and Children’s Literature were my mentors during those years—as they continue to be—teaching me how to teach and think about children’s literature both as a genre and as a course of undergraduate study.
Francelia Butler’s entrée into the field was somewhat similar. With a doctorate in Renaissance literature, she entered the field not, initially, as a scholar of it, but as one asked to teach large lecture courses to aspiring teachers: her popular course is recalled by others in this fo- rum. Unlike me, however, she had neither a journal nor a professional association to mentor her; instead, she helped found them. The story of her impact on children’s literature scholarship, despite that perhaps inauspicious beginning, is outlined throughout this forum, especially in the essays by Margaret Higonnet and Peter Hunt; here, I want to take up Roberta Seelinger Trites’s challenge in her forum piece to think more seriously about Butler’s, and the journal’s, contributions to children’s literature pedagogy as well
The implications of mindsets of poverty for stigma against those in poverty
No full textBelief systems, which can feed, or diminish, stigma are important predictors of poverty reduction efforts. In the current work, we focused on mindsets, which are beliefs about the changeability (growth mindsets) or the stability (fixed mindsets) of the level of poverty in society. We conducted six studies, two preregistered, using both cross-sectional (N = 763) and experimental methods (N = 1361). First, we found support for our prediction that mindsets of poverty can serve to justify economic inequities. To this end, we explored the relationship of these mindsets with system justifying ideologies, we conducted experimental studies designed to motivate, or not, justification processes, and we examined the association between mindsets of poverty and stigma toward those disadvantaged within the economic system. Next, building upon a rich literature on mindsets, we explored the mechanisms by which mindsets predict stigma. Growth mindsets of poverty predicted less stigma, in part, through lower levels of essentializingthose in poverty and blaming dispositional factors for economic inequality. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this work for efforts to counter negative attitudes and promote support for those living in poverty
A Gardener\u27s Tale: Confronting Racial Discrimination at the Intersection of the School-To-Prison Pipeline and Adolescent Health
Get PDFRacism is a public health crisis and it is killing Black youth. Systemic racism
in education is a root cause of a long list of inequities faced by Black
youth. These inequities compound over the years and create extreme hurdles
to academic success and, in many cases, are hazardous to overall health.
The school-to-prison pipeline is a severe health equity issue affecting
Black children and adolescents. Racism is a core social determinant of health
that has a profound impact on child and adolescent health. Moreover, health
is not just an individual matter; institutional and structural forces influence
who has access to the opportunities and resources needed to thrive. The racial
inequities fueling the school-to-prison pipeline must be viewed through
a public health lens to identify leverage points for intervention.
A Gardener\u27s Tale, a theoretical framework, presents racism’s effects on
three levels: institutionalized, personally mediated, and internalized.1 This
framework presents an allegory about a gardener with two flower boxes and
illustrates the relationship between the three levels of racism and their impact
on health outcomes.2 This comment seeks to dissect the social and legal
inequities and racism embedded in America’s soil and the dangers of a Gardener
that is not concerned with equity.
Part I introduces racism as a social determinant of health and the resulting
health inequities as a pervasive public health crisis. Part II explores institutionalized
or structural racism nationally, followed by a discussion of
Personally Mediated Racism in Public Education that Perpetuate the Schoolto-
Prison Pipeline, specifically in Virginia, focusing on the combination of
resource starvation: physical and emotional and overly punitive disciplinary
systems. Part III outlines the theory of racial inequality and social integration
perpetuating the School-to-Prison Pipeline and creating A Public
Health Emergency for Black Youth. Part IV surveys the role of Internalized
Racism on Psychological Functioning and Risk Behaviors in Black Youth.
Lastly, Part V outlines some of the countless effective and evidence-based
Best Practices & Alternative Discipline Strategie
Understanding Why Some Whistleblowers are Venerated and Others Vilified
Get PDFWhistleblowers are individuals who witness a moral infraction committed within their organization and report this infraction publicly to hold the group accountable. Whistleblowers often face ridicule, vilification, and exclusion both within their group and sometimes within broader society. Thus, whistleblowers put themselves at personal risk to adhere to their moral code and protect others; these criteria commonly classify someone as a hero. We argue diverse reactions to whistleblowers are influenced by numerous situational factors that influence perceptions of a whistleblower’s intentions as well as the expected consequences of their whistleblowing. Whether a whistleblower is viewed as a virtuous reformer (i.e., hero) or a harmful dissident may depend partly on the degree to which individuals believe that there is a discrepancy between an organization’s lived values and their stated values. While whistleblowers ostensibly provide evidence that this discrepancy exists, cognitive dissonance processes may forestall acceptance of this evidence in many cases. Believing that one is affiliated with a corrupt organization—while one also believes that they are a good, moral and adequate person—may lead to uncomfortable experiences of dissonance. It may be easier for many to reduce this dissonance by disparaging or discounting whistleblowers, rather than altering their own actions (which may involve becoming a whistleblower themselves) to reflect their personal values
Introduction: Church, Coin, and Custom: Religious Conflict and the Marketplace
No full textThe introduction to the volume presents an overview of the religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants during the early modern period in terms of the general ideological stress created by an anti-Catholic government in a region with deep Catholic roots. It recognizes that despite the official condemnation of Catholicism, the reality for many of the people within Britain was more fluid: individual practices, traditions, and devotions often came into conflict with official prescriptions. It also presents a discussion of the new types of markets and marketplace exchanges that emerged in the same period, both as they relate to religious matters and in the economic system at large. The introduction concludes with an overview of the chapters of the volume which demonstrates that the so-termed division between religious and economic life was largely fictional, and that both aspects were central to the continued success of both individual and commonwealth
Wills, Trusts, and Estates
Get PDFBetween legislative and judicial activity, there have been a number of noteworthy developments and changes to the rules governing trusts and estates. Several of these developments turn on questions related to the role of fiduciaries, what responsibilities they have with respect to reporting as well as asset management, and when they can be removed. These questions concerning fiduciaries implicitly address the rights of beneficiaries and the protections available to them. New developments also will have multiple repercussions for estate planners and wealth managers. New planning strategies in response to changes in the law of undue influence may become important to consider and recent judicial opinions may influence a planner’s drafting decisions, particularly with respect to no-contest and arbitration clauses. Overall, the developments clarify the balance of rights and responsibilities allocated between settlors, beneficiaries, and fiduciaries and, in many cases, bolster the rights of beneficiaries and those under legal guardianship
What is the Standard for Obtaining a Preliminary Injunction in Virginia?
Get PDFA perception exists that the Supreme Court of Virginia has not articulated the legal standard for adjudicating preliminary-injunction motions in Virginia circuit courts. For decades, lawyers and legal scholars have advocated that Virginia trial judges borrow the federal preliminary-injunction standard applied in the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Virginia trial courts have generally followed that advice. Virginia courts at first applied the Fourth Circuit’s Blackwelder test, which called upon judges to balance the four traditional factors and allowed a stronger balanceof-hardship showing to offset a weaker showing of likely success on the merits. After the 2008 decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in Winter, the Fourth Circuit overruled Blackwelder in 2009 in Real Truth About Obama. The Real Truth test requires all four preliminary-injunction factors to be independently satisfied. Since then, Virginia circuit courts have generally applied the Real Truth standard.
This Article shows that ample Virginia precedent and English precedent support the consideration of the four traditional factors, making it unnecessary to rely on federal precedent. Under existing Virginia law, a plaintiff seeking a preliminary injunction must show a likelihood of irreparable harm (absent a statute that provides for an injunction). Beyond that, Virginia cases have balanced the factors. The Supreme Court of Virginia has also allowed a preliminary injunction without a showing that the plaintiff was likely to succeed on the merits, provided the plaintiff demonstrated a “prima facie case.” Whether that showing must be a “fair” prima facie case or “strong” prima case will require further development. But this existing Virginia precedent provides a superior basis for evaluating preliminary-injunction motions in Virginia trial courts than the Fourth Circuit’s Real Truth standar