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Economic Growth and Exchange Rate in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Investigation
Get PDFThis paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and exchange rate in Sierra Leone for the period 1970-2005. We followed the lead of Edwards (1989, 1988) and Elbadawi (1994) within an error-correction model (ECM) to identify the determinants of the real effective exchange rate, and we specified a real output growth equation to capture not only the effect of real effective exchange rate on real GDP growth, but also to establish the relative effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy on real output growth during the review period. Our empirical results suggest that the terms of trade, nominal exchange rate devaluation, investment to GDP ratio and excess supply of domestic credit affect the real effective exchange rate in Sierra Leone. In addition, the results of the real output growth show that fiscal policy is relatively more effective than monetary policy in the long run, and that the real exchange rate has a positive effect on real output growth in the long run. The ECM shows that in the short run, real output growth is influenced by money supply and inflation. Furthermore, the estimated results showed that civil/political unrest had adverse effect on output growth and caused the real effective exchange rate to depreciate in Sierra Leone during the sample period
Geopolitics in Africa’s Great Lakes Region
Get PDFThis paper examines the civil war in the Congo since the late 1990s through regional and national lenses. It contends that Congo\u27s problems are not unique; instead, they reflect a larger phenomenon of the lack of synergy between geography and politics in the Great Lakes region. The stabilization of power in geographical spaces is the puzzle of building institutions not just in the Congo, but also among its equally weak neighbors
Modern Peace Keeping in Africa: Lessons from Nigeria
Get PDFDifferent approaches to conflict resolution and peacekeeping in African failed states have taken the centre stage of this analysis. These approaches are based not merely on theory or doctrine but on the self-perceived interests of the stakeholders in peacekeeping inside Africa. The Western powers have repeatedly expressed the view that they will not commit their armed forces to resolve African conflicts. The West’s desire to place responsibility on African states, rather than sharing it, will not bring peace in Africa. The reason is that Africans are not ready to shoulder such heavy responsibility without direct Western military involvement in African conflicts. Building Africa’s own capacity will take long time, while Africa is desperate for peacekeepers now. Nigeria tried to fill the gap in need of peacekeepers in its region without doctrinal and practical readiness to conduct modern peacekeeping
An Extreme Injustice Evaluating the American Response to Incidents of Domestic Terrorism
No full textResponse methods to incidents of domestic terrorism vary greatly but all maintain one common thread: failure, because there is currently no federal charge for domestic terrorism which has led to significant breakdowns in the legal response to acts of domestic terrorism. This also relates to accountability and legitimacy in the American judicial and criminal justice systems. To better understand the current situation, a qualitative, descriptive case study will be used to evaluate specific moments in American politics that are considered domestic terrorism. Through analysis of archival, court and media documents, an assessment of these cases will yield deeper insight into the workings of the American judicial system and the way the nation responds to terrorism. Responses, currently, fail to hold terrorists accountable and do not grant legitimacy to what some consider the greatest threat to America––hate. Policy recommendations and changes should be made to ensure accountability and legitimacy are granted to these threats. Only when acts of domestic terrorism are regarded at the same level as threats of international terrorism will we have granted the proper legitimacy to domestic terrorism. Increased recognition of this danger and possible outcomes will help steer us to a more secure nation
Examining the causal impact of prayer on self-control and generosity
Get PDFPrayer is a behavior that is characteristic of most religions and spiritualities and a practice important to many people. Although many studies have looked at a wide variety of the possible outcomes and impacts of prayer on behavior and well-being, this research hopes to study the practice of prayer and its outcomes in a more theological lens. In the Bible, the Fruit of the Spirit outlines expected characteristics of a person or community living in accordance with the Holy Spirit. The two aspects of the Fruit that will be studied as variables within this experiment are self-control and generosity. The goal of the experiment is to establish some sort of causal relationship between the practice of prayer and the variables of self-control and generosity, and the research involved will hopefully provide deeper insight into the relationships between psychology and theology
Polarimetric Data: Scenario 02
No full textPolarimetric data Scenario 02 collected within the Automated Remote Sensing Solar Simulation Lab at the University of Dayton. The data were collected using a visible monochromatic division-of-time imaging polarimeter. The dataset is parameterized across different sensor, scene, and illumination geometries that mimic outdoor solar irradiance conditions
Polarimetric Data: Sparse Scenarios 05 - 08
No full textPolarimetric data sparse configuation Scenarios S05 through S08 collected within the Automated Remote Sensing Solar Simulation Lab at the University of Dayton. The data were collected using a visible RGB division-of-focal-plane imaging polarimeter. The dataset is parameterized across different sensor, scene, and illumination geometries that mimic outdoor solar irradiance conditions