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Repugnancy Test (Policy) and the Impact of Colonially Imposed Laws on the Growth of Nigeria’s Native Justice Systems
Get PDFThe Global Economic and Financial Crisis: An Overview of the Effects on African Countries
Get PDFIn the wake of the global economic and financial cnsts, experts and analysts agreed that the initial effects on African financial sectors would be minimal because of the limited exposure to the international financial markets. However, African countries are more integrated than before with the world economy through the following transmission channels: international trade, foreign direct and portfolio investments, foreign aid flows, private remittances, and tourism; and since they are predominantly primary commodity exporters, their economies was negatively affected by the recession in many developed countries due to the sharp decline in world demand for commodities and in their prices. This paper takes the view that African countries were more susceptible to external shocks than other developing regions of the world because of their flawed macroeconomic fundamentals, but more importantly, the transmission channels emphasize the extent of the region\u27s vulnerabilities
Sustainable Tourism in Kenya: An Analysis of Tourism Policy Currently Under Consideration
Get PDFThis paper examines tourism policy in Kenya in the context of sustainable tourism development. It considers the critical factors that might hinder the development of the sector and highlights the shortcomings in the policy development. It will give a general review of policy development and its significance in Kenya. There will also be an analysis of the key issues in the current policy development in Kenya, and finally, consideration is given to the aspects of policy that the current policy makers should pay attention to in relation to the strategic approach to sustainable tourism development. With the growing economic significance of tourism and increasingly competitive global tourism market, it is imperative that countries adopt an integrated approach to formulating their tourism policy. This paper proposes integrating three major components: strategic management (to stress long-term planning and assist policy makers analyse contexts within which tourism policies are made); sustainable development (to emphasize the importance of using a triple bottom-line concept in the formulation of tourism policies); and a holistic policy making process (to pay special attention to the complication of the tourism sector. It further asserts that an integrated tourism policymaking model will help Kenya\u27s policymakers to formulate and implement tourism policies that enable a country to compete successfully in the global tourism market
Challenges and Opportunities of Agricultural Research in the Sudan
Get PDFNational research institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are under increasing governmental pressure to make direct and visible contributions to national research and development strategies. Although Sudan is a predominately agricultural economy, crop productivity is extremely low and does not exceed thirty percent of the level attained in research farms. The aim of this paper is to develop a framework for analyzing problems and identifying opportunities to strengthen African research institutions\u27 role in development-oriented research. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the implementation capacity constraints, which exist in formal agricultural research, and the impact this has on the development of the agricultural sector of the Sudanese economy. Finally, a number of findings emerge which outlines the key issues relating to effectively manage the technological transformation in the Sudan as well as helping policy makers to take appropriate and immediate measures to improve the agricultural technology development in the Sudan
Technology Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment: Recent Empirical Findings—A Review
Get PDFThis paper reviews the theory and the empirical studies on the hypothesis that FDI may generate technology spillovers to the host countries. There are five sources affecting the scope and significance of the technology spillovers from FDI: (1) linkages between foreign affiliates and local firms, (2) R&D efforts undertaken by MNC affiliates, (3) training of local firms in the foreign affiliates, (4) demonstration effects, and (5) ownership sharing of foreign affiliates.
The study concludes that: (1) The literature and empirical evidence show mixed support for the hypothesis that FDI yields positive spillovers to the host countries. (2) Backward linkages are the strongest channel for diffusing technology from foreign affiliates; governments in host countries can play a significant role in creating and deepening these linkages. (3) Spillovers from FDI may decrease national welfare in most developing countries because the local firms are often not able to compete with MNC, and this may lead to a loss in profits due to the crowding out of these local firms. Henceforth, strong local firms could be the key challenge for developing countries to receive positive spillovers from FDI