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Boon or Bane? Assessing the Impact of Structural Adjustment on Prospects for Democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa
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Warlords, Resources and War in Africa: Who Arms, Who Pays and Who Trains?
Full text linkSince the end of the Cold War, the nature of conflict has changed. A disturbing trend that has emerged with that change is warlords/rebel movements, resources, and greed. Today most conflicts are not driven by loud discourse of grievance but by the silent voice of greed. While it is evident that most warlords rely on the resources they capture, they also rely on external governments to finance their war effort. This policy-oriented paper adds to the ongoing policy and academic debate by focusing mainly on the sources of arms, financial resources, and logistics for rebel movements, particularly in Africa. The paper critically examines who arms, who pays, and who trains these rebel movements. The paper uses the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) as case studies
Feminism, Children and Environmental Policy in Zimbabwe
Full text linkThis study utilizes a feminist perspective in demonstrating how gender intersects with socioeconomic forces of over a century of patriarchal environmental endeavors such as global modernization: imperialism and colonialism as conditions that have historically perpetuated environmental degradation in Zimbabwe as elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. The study examines how environmental policies of both pre and post independent Zimbabwe have had devastating consequences on the poor and marginalized, particularly women and girl children of this Third World in the nation. Additionally, the study proposes gender mainstreaming as a social networking model for socioeconomic and environmental sustainability through grassroots indigenous participation, capacity building, and planning and policy development entails all vertical and horizontal levels of Zimbabwean society
Fertility Decline in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1980-2010
Full text linkThis paper examines fertility levels (1990-2000) and trends (1980-2000) in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, and suggests likely prospects for further decline during the 2000-2010 period. Data are from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the World Fertility Surveys (WFS), and the World Bank. Fertility levels are still high in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, but vary widely from a total fertility rate (TFR) of 4.6 children per woman in Cameroon (1998) to 7.2 in Niger (1998). Overall, fertility has been declining in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, although the pace has been much slower than the one prevailing in English-speaking countries. Age at marriage, but not contraceptive prevalence rates, is significantly associated with fertility differentials among French-speaking countries. Projections for the year 2010 indicate that total fertility rates will remain high over the next decade
Standardization or Modification? UK Firms\u27 Marketing Strategy in Africa
Full text linkThe paper aims to identify those factors that influence UK multinational corporations\u27 policy of standardisation within African economies. This is an important strategic issue as foreign direct investment within Africa represents a small but growing proportion of total FDI inflows. Regression analysis reveals that political risk is statistically significant as are cultural factors, whilst regulation proved to statistically insignificant