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Incidence Rate and Patterns of Physical Restraint Use Among Adult Patients in Malaysia
No full textIncidence rate and patterns of physical restraint use were examined based on a cross-sectional study in 22 wards of a large teaching hospital in Malaysia. Results indicated that the highest rate of physical restraint (19.7%) was reported from neurology–neurosurgery wards. “Un-cooperative for electroconvulsive therapy” and “trying to pull out catheters” were the most commonly reported reasons to use restraint in psychiatric and non-psychiatric wards, respectively. There were some relationships between patterns of physical restraint in this study. Exploring the incidence rate and patterns of physical restraint is important so that effective strategies can be formulated to minimize using restraint in hospitals
Morphological and Molecular Analyses ofSimulium rufibasis(Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand
No full textA man-biting black fly species so far regarded as Simulium rufibasis Brunetti in Thailand was morphologically analyzed. It was found to be almost indistinguishable in the female from S. rufibasis sensu stricto but distinguishable in the male by the slender fore basitarsus and abdominal segments 2, 6, and 7 each with a pair of shiny dorsolateral patches, and in the pupa by the absence of spine-combs on abdominal segment 7 and terminal hooks on segment 9. It is described as a new species, Simulium tenebrosum. Taxonomic notes are given to separate it from all 11 known species of the S. rufibasis subgroup of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species-group. An analysis of the COI gene sequences shows that this new species is distantly separated from the closely related species. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved
Critical success factors of risk-based inspection
No full textRisk-based inspection (RBI) is a tool which helps ensure safe and economically viable operation. To benefit from an RBI system, the factors that affect its implementation need to be studied. This research focuses on identifying and ranking the critical success factors (CSFs) of RBI. Based on the literature review of RBI, an initial list of 28 potential CSFs was identified and complied. These CSFs were then grouped into eight factor headings according to RBI/RBM, RBIM and risk assessment process. A survey was conducted to assess and prioritizes the degree of influence of those success factors on RBI systems, while determining whether these CSFs do indeed play a critical role in the successful implementation of RBI systems as perceived by the respondents. Samples were collected to confirm the identified CSFs. The findings show that the most influential factor is “Data Collection,” and while “RBI Estimation” is the most critical factor heading in the implementation of RBI. Additionally, the findings also show that all CSFs identified are critical and relevant for Malaysian industries. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 38: 4–20, 2019. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineer
Cytokine and Chemokine Profiling in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Singapore and Malaysia
Get PDFHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a prevalent contagious childhood disease typically associated with fever, oral lesions and limb exanthema. While HFMD is caused by a plethora of serotypes of viruses under the genus Enterovirus within the Picornaviridae family, Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) are considered the main etiological agents. In recent years however, other viruses have also been isolated in considerable numbers from infected individuals in many regions, joining the legion commonly associated with HFMD. The present study investigated the cytokine and chemokine profiles of HFMD patients from Singapore and Malaysia for the first time. Comparative cohort studies of EV-A71-associated HFMD cases revealed that the Malaysia cohort had a distinct profile from the Singapore cohort, and this could be partly attributed by different EV-A71 genotypes. As the isolation of CV-A6, instead of CV-A16, had become prevalent in the Singapore cohort, it was also of particular interest to study the differential cytokine and chemokine profiles. Our data revealed that overlapping as well as unique profiles exist between the two major causative clinical isolates in the Singapore cohort. Having a better understanding of the respective immunological profiles could be useful for more accurate HFMD diagnosis, which is imperative for disease transmission control until multi-valent vaccines and/or broad-spectrum anti-viral drugs become available
Dari lisan ke tulisan seterusnya menjadi amalan
Get PDFSastera lisan telah berkembang sebelum kedatangan pengaruh Arab yang membawa sistem tulisan dalam masyarakat di rantau ini. Sastera lisan yang mengandungi pelbagai ilmu dan juga bidang ini kemudiannya ditulis untuk menjadi ilmu rujukan dan tatapan masyarakat kini. Salah satu daripada ilmu sastera lisan yang mengalami perubahan besar ini ialah ilmu perubatan masyarakat zaman lampau, khususnya ilmu perubatan tradisional dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu. Dalam makalah ini akan dibincangkan beberapa jenis rawatan mayarakat Melayu lama yang berasal daripada sastera lisan yang kemudianya ditulis dalam bentuk manuskrip. Kaedah rawatan ini kemudiannya menjadi amalan masyarakat zaman lampau hingga kini. Ilmu yang ada dalam manuskrip ini kemudiannya berkembang dan menjadi salah satu daripada alternatif rawatan pelbagai penyakit. Yang menariknya sesetengah daripada rawatan ini tidak terdapat dalam rawatan moden. Kajian yang dilakukan adalah bersumberkan 3 buah naskhah dari koleksi Universiti Malaya, koleksi La Ode Zainu, Bau-bau, Buton, dan koleksi Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Parasitic infections status of the urban poor communities in Peninsular Malaysia
Get PDFUrban poor can be defined as a population in cities with household less than RM940 permonth (Economical Planning Unit, Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2018), measured quantitatively by Poverty Line Index (PLI). More accurately, it is the inability of the individuals in the urban areas to fulfill the requirement on achieving the minimum basic necessities of life including non-monetary indicators such as food, education, health, housing condition, household appliances and amenities (World Bank, 1990; Siwaretal. 1997; Sen, 1999; Rashidahetal, 2012; Samadetal, 2012; Chamcuri, 2016)
Recruitment, engagement and feedback in empirical software engineering studies in industrial contexts
No full textContext: Research carried out in industrial contexts are recognized as important to the advancement of software engineering knowledge and practice. However, several challenges present themselves in the three key phases of research carried out in industrial contexts, recruitment, engagement and feedback. Objective: The aim of this paper is to report the challenges related to each of the three phases of research carried out in industrial contexts, and the associated solutions we have found useful from our combined body of industrial empirical software engineering research studies spanning four case studies, five grounded theory studies, seven survey studies and two quasi-experimental studies involving a total of over 400 industrial participants in the past decade. Method: We designed an instrument to gather details of our studies carried out in industrial contexts and performed thematic analysis to synthesise and draw out the most prominent challenges faced. Results: We present a set of recommendations around study design, conduct and reporting to try and mitigate some of these challenges as they apply specifically to industrial empirical research. Conclusion: These recommendations can guide researchers, novice and experienced, working in close collaboration with industry stakeholders to make the most of their industrial software engineering research
The convenience of takhrij al-hadith through ICT apps: An exploratory analysis on selected hadith website and mobile apps
No full textThe development of information and communications technology (ICT) has given a new dimension to the study of hadith in cyberspace as an effort to empower, uphold and preserve it in a long run. Thus, this study’s focused on three mobile apps which are Encyclopedia of 9 Imam, Mawsu‘ah al-Hadith al-Nabawi al-Sharif and Kutub Tis’ah along with three websites, namely al-Durar al-Saniyyah, Mawqi’ al-Islam and Islamweb that can be used to facilitate takhrij hadith. The study is aims to demonstrate the convenience of takhrij hadith in ICT integration and explore some of ICT apps that can be utilized to assist learning. Methodology applied was a qualitative method of hadith data collection infused within the apps. It was later revealed that a few of takhrij facilities were instilled in these apps: (1) Source of hadith (2) Ranking of hadith (3) Sanad hadith (4) Matan hadith (5) Rating of hadith in other sources (to specify Syawahid/Mutaba‘at) (6) The biography of narrators (al-Jarh wa al-Ta’dil) (7) Types of hadith based on the Sanad (8) Types of hadith based on Matan (9) Hukm al-Hadith. The study found that as many as nine takhrij facilities have been infused in all of the six ICT apps. Encyclopedia of 9 Imam apps is the leading apps so far that can be useful for scholars, for it contained all the facililities mentioned. Nevertheless, to go on hadith search through available websites is much more extensive as they provide access to a larger amount of hadith
Ramp-rate control approach based on dynamic smoothing parameter to mitigate solar PV output fluctuations
No full textIn this paper a new ramp-rate control strategy based on exponential smoothing (ES) method is proposed. Different from conventional ES, the proposed method varies the smoothing parameter ‘σ’ according to PV ramp-rate. The proposed smoothing parameter is used to determine the switching status of the battery energy storage (BES). It is also used in determining the amount of power to be injected or absorbed by the BES in order to smooth the PV output power. The proposed ramp-rate control strategy is compared with moving average (MA) and conventional exponential smoothing (CES) methods. It has been found that MA and CES method exhibit memory effect that caused BES to operate all the time. The proposed ramp-rate control strategy overcomes this limitation by operating the BES only during significant fluctuation. As a result, the size of the BES capacity can be reduced and increasing its life span
Determinants of female fertility in ASEAN-5: empirical evidence from bounds cointegration test
No full textThe ASEAN countries have been experiencing drastic declines in fertility of more than 10 percent, particularly since the 1990s. Though the literature on fertility has clearly delineated the importance of income, female labor force participation and infant mortality as key determinants of fertility rates (FRs), the empirical findings from previous studies remains at best mixed. This study therefore identifies the determinants of female fertility for the countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand (ASEAN-5 countries), spanning the period 1980-2010. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration and causality techniques, the main findings of the study are summarized as follows: First, a long-run (LR) stable relationship is evident between female fertility, female labor force participation, income and infant mortality for ASEAN-5. Second, there is a deviation of FRs from the short-run (SR) to the LR equilibrium for ASEAN-5, with the highest and lowest speed of adjustment recorded for Malaysia and Thailand, respectively. Third, FR and economic stability are found to be complementary in the LR for ASEAN-5. When the joint LR and SR causalities are considered, we found that female labor force participation, income and infant mortality have dynamic relationships with FR for all the five ASEAN countries