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Pemikiran Skeptikal Syiah Terhadap Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah Dalam Karya-Karya Syiah Melayu: Satu Kritikan (Shi‘ite’s sceptical view towards ahl al-sunnah wa Al-Jamā‘ah in Malay shi‘ite works: A critic)
No full textShi’a has been spread in Malaysia by the 1980s after the Iranian revolution in 1979. In the Malaysian context, dissemination of Shi‘ite to the Malay community occurred through a variety of ways. Among the spreading mediums that had a primary impact were the spread of Malay Shi‘ite works. Various allegations were made about Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah in Malay Shi‘ite works to cast doubt on its legitimacy as a school of thought by questioning the argument of Ahl al-Sunnah as being the majority while the majority is not necessarily right. Shi‘ite also claims that the existence of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah has no strong religious and historical basis. Besides, the school raise doubt on the personality of al-Ash‘arі as a former Mu’tazilah figure and accuse Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah as having formed a weak alliance between its components from within the school because of different views among themselves in some issues of ‘aqidah and jurisprudence (fiqh). Hence, this article presents critics on the arguments suggested by Shi‘ite in the works. Through the method of documentation in the method of data collection, this study refers to two selected Malay Shi‘ite works entitled Meniti Titian Kebenaran by Khair Izzah and Perempuan Nan Bercinta by Faisal Tehrani. Whereas comparative methods are used in analyzing data by comparing the arguments between Shi‘ite and Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah. In general, all these doubts were raised in some of the Malay Shi‘ite works to justify the falsehood of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā‘ah’s practice, at the same time establishing Shi‘ite as the only legitimate school of thought. However, the arguments presented in the works were rejected because of the manipulation of facts and scientific treachery. © 2019, University of Malaya. All rights reserved
Colour analysis of organic synthetic dye coating paint films consisting 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives after exposed to UV-A
No full textThis work investigates the visible optical stability of coating paint film consisting organic synthetic dye, 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives to the exposure to ultraviolet A (UV-A) light. An azo dye was synthesized by coupling diazonium salt of aniline derivative (obtained by diazonation of 4-chloroaniline in presence of sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid) with 4-hydroxycoumarin in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The azo dye was mixed with xylene before using it as a pigment in the coating composition. The mixture of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and acrylic polyol was used as the coating binder. The synthesized dye and binder were then mixed at specific ratio to form a complete coating solution. Two coating solutions with PMMA having different molecular weights (Mw: 350,000 gmol-1 and Mw: 996,000 gmol-1) were used in this study. Each of them was labelled as 350 K and 996 K indicating its molecular weight. Both mixtures were applied as coating paint films on glass substrates were exposed to UV-A for fast photo-degradation process. The visible optical stability of the coating paint films was measured and recorded at an interval of eight-hours exposure for 35 days using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L∗a∗b∗ colour coordinate system. The obtained datas were analysed using standard deviation (STD). In this study, both coating samples showed low standard deviation for hue angle, namely 0.206 for 996 K and 0.258 for 350 K which indicates a high colour stability. However, the 350 K possesses a smaller colour difference (ΔE) of 0.798 compared to 1.418 for 996 K. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd
Muslims’ willingness to pay for certified halal food: an extension of the theory of planned behaviour
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to extent the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), when extended by self-identity and religious commitment (RC), and is able to predict Muslim consumers’ willingness to pay (WP) for certified halal food. Design/methodology/approach: A survey of 277 Muslim consumers in Malaysia was conducted and the cross-sectional data were analysed using the partial least squares technique. Findings: Attitude (ATT) and religious self-identity (RSI) were found to have a positive impact on WP for certified halal food. Additionally, RC has a positive effect on ATT and RSI and has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between perceived behavioural control and WP. Practical implications: The findings can benefit halal food companies by offering an insight into the willingness of Muslim consumers to pay for certified halal food. Originality/value: The findings contribute to the research on halal foods by illustrating the factors that determine Muslim consumers’ WP for certified halal food. This study also extends the understanding of the TPB to the halal food context. © 2019, Emerald Publishing Limited
Potential of floating solar technology in Malaysia
No full textSolar energy is a natural source of energy and is tremendously abundant. The concept of floating solar is to fulfil and to support the existing energy supply in order to enhance the human life. The floating solar exploits the massive availability of ocean region and the severe unavailability of land. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential of floating solar to be deployed in coastal or infield in Malaysia. It was predicted that such system could generate around 14,530 MWh per annum in Malaysia. It can be concluded that floating solar could be one of the most important ocean structures in the future because it is reliable, flexible and has virtually low cost production comparing with other ocean structures. © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved
Digital economy: A paradise or threat in the new norm?
Get PDFThe digital economy is exponentially expanding into every aspect of our lives and industries with sensors, mobile, cloud and big data. This work-in-progress paper will be discussed in 2 parts. Part One will examine the digital firms, fintechs that leverage their capability and large customer base in the digital financial services that include Grab and GoJek and the associated services of digital wallets in Malaysia and neighbouring countries who are “enablers” in the digital economy or “disrupters” in a conventional economy with the growing pool of tech-savvy consumers and rising tide of digital economy and underpinning consumption.
In Part Two, can the digital economy protect the safety, security and privacy of its customers and citizenry? Herein lies the problem – disruptive digital technology, cyberattacks, compromising data breach committed by hackers and fraudsters that could lead to cybercriminals and associated activities of identity theft and so forth. How does the government keep pace with the rapid change and continuing digital disruption in compliance within the legal requirement as innovation is exponentially experienced? This paper will illustrate the security condition of the digital economy risks and the preparedness in facing them as both business and personal risks in Malaysia and global comparison, wherein possible, including existing policies in reinforcing defense in the new norm
Risk measure estimation under two component mixture models with trimmed data
No full textSeveral two component mixture models from the transformed gamma and transformed beta families are developed to assess risk performance. Their common statistical properties are given and applications to real insurance loss data are shown. A new data trimming approach for parameter estimation is proposed using the maximum likelihood estimation method. Assessment with respect to Value-at-Risk and Conditional Tail Expectation risk measures are presented. Of all the models examined, the mixture of inverse transformed gamma-Burr distributions consistently provides good results in terms of goodness-of-fit and risk estimation in the context of the Danish fire loss data. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
An Adaptive Wake-Up-Interval to Enhance Receiver-Based Ps-Mac Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
No full textMany receiver-based Preamble Sampling Medium Access Control (PS-MAC) protocols have been proposed to provide better performance for variable traffic in a wireless sensor network (WSN). However, most of these protocols cannot prevent the occurrence of incorrect traffic convergence that causes the receiver node to wake-up more frequently than the transmitter node. In this research, a new protocol is proposed to prevent the problem mentioned above. The proposed mechanism has four components, and they are Initial control frame message, traffic estimation function, control frame message, and adaptive function. The initial control frame message is used to initiate the message transmission by the receiver node. The traffic estimation function is proposed to reduce the wake-up frequency of the receiver node by using the proposed traffic status register (TSR), idle listening times (ILTn, ILTk), and “number of wake-up without receiving beacon message” (NWwbm). The control frame message aims to supply the essential information to the receiver node to get the next wake-up-interval (WUI) time for the transmitter node using the proposed adaptive function. The proposed adaptive function is used by the receiver node to calculate the next WUI time of each of the transmitter nodes. Several simulations are conducted based on the benchmark protocols. The outcome of the simulation indicates that the proposed mechanism can prevent the incorrect traffic convergence problem that causes frequent wake-up of the receiver node compared to the transmitter node. Moreover, the simulation results also indicate that the proposed mechanism could reduce energy consumption, produce minor latency, improve the throughput, and produce higher packet delivery ratio compared to other related works. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Tetraplex real-time PCR with TaqMan probes for discriminatory detection of cat, rabbit, rat and squirrel DNA in food products
No full textCat, rabbit, rat, and squirrel species are very sensitive in food products because most of them are potential carriers of zoonotic diseases and rejected in most religions and cultures. Since cats and rats are abundant in most parts of the world and their meats do not carry any value in legal markets, these meats could be considered as potential adulterants in halal, kosher, and other food markets. Rabbit and squirrel meats are also susceptible to adulteration. Therefore, both health and economic interests in rat, rabbit, cat and squirrel species are significant. In this work, a novel tetraplex real-time PCR assay with TaqMan probes was described to discriminate and identify all four species (cat, rabbit, rat, and squirrel) in a single assay platform. Species-specific primers and probes were developed against ATP6, and cytochrome b genes to amplify 108, 123, 161 and 176 bp DNA fragments from rat, rabbit, squirrel and cat meat products under various states. A 141-bp internal amplification control (IAC) of 18S rRNA was used to avoid any false-negative results. Specificity was evaluated against 22 species but no cross-reactivity was found. Efficiency of PCR assay as well as target quantification were determined based on a standard curve that was generated using tenfold serially diluted mixed DNA extract (1:1:1:1) from squirrel, rat, rabbit and cat species. The assay was valid under pure, processed and admixed states with 10–0.1% (w/w) adulterant from each species. The limit of detection was 0.1% under admixed samples and 0.003 ng DNA under pure states from each species. Analyses of 18 model burgers (9 chicken and 9 beef) and 18 frankfurters (9 chicken and 9 beef) revealed 91–122% target recovery at 0.1–10% adulteration. Finally, 72 commercial burgers (36 chicken and 36 beef) and 72 frankfurters (36 chicken and 36 beef) were screened but no target species was detected except IAC. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Near-Infrared Soliton Mode-Locked Thulium Doped Fibre Laser Using WS2-ZnO Composite Material as Saturable Absorber
No full textThe generation of a highly stable passive mode locking laser is realized in a thulium doped fibre laser using a WS2-ZnO composite as a saturable absorber. Soliton mode locking pulses are generated with a central wavelength of 1936 nm and full-width half maximum (FWHM) of 3.06 nm. The first order Kelly's side band is located at around 5.65 nm from the central wavelength which gives the calculated pulse width value of 1.26 ps. This value corresponds well with the measured pulse width of 1.27 ps using the autocorrelator. The output power of the laser is around 0.44 mW with the peak power of 29.7 W and repetition rate of 9.96 MHz. This laser set-up is highly robust and realizes highly stable laser pulses in the mid-IR wavelength range for a multitude of applications. © 2009-2012 IEEE
Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles on D-shaped fiber as saturable absorber
No full textIn this study, short Q-switching laser pulses are generated by drop-casting two-dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles as saturable absorbers (SA) on a side polished optical fiber in a C-band laser cavity. The proposed laser is capable of generating highly stable Q-switched laser pulses at the wavelength of 1559.42nm with a maximum repetition rate of 73.96kHz, and a minimum pulse width of 1.93μs. The relatively high signal-to-noise ratio of 58.7dB indicates a highly stable output. The proposed SA can be applied in a variety of fields due to its ease of manufacturing and cost-effectiveness as well as its robust and compact design. © 2019 World Scientific Publishing Company