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The Motif of Children in War in Memorialization Practices in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFStudying the War Childhood Museum in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the monument to children killed in NATO bombing in Belgrade, Serbia, as well as the monument to killed children of besieged Sarajevo, this research project examines the motif of children in war within memorialization practices of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Relying on six semi-structured interviews with members of civil society in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as an employee of the War Childhood Museum, this research explores the role that the motif of children in war plays in remembering and portraying the past in these countries with an emphasis on how this motif relates to the dominant narratives of the past and the way it impacts peace and reconciliation efforts. Acknowledging the differences among these forms of memorialization with regard to their ethnically inclusive or exclusive approaches, this research points out the ways in which the incorporation of the child motif can strengthen or challenge the dominant narratives of victimization. Furthermore, it explores the potential of this motif to contribute to peace and reconciliation dependent on its use
La construcción del imaginario de una ciudad multicultural: el Barrio Chino de Buenos Aires como exhibición pública de cultura
No full textEn el marco de la globalización, ha surgido una nueva competencia entre las ciudades contemporáneas donde su multiculturalidad se convierte en símbolo de prosperidad. El imaginario urbano se creó en la intersección de los espacios públicos y los espacios sociopolíticos, de las culturas y sus representaciones, de lo ideal y la realidad. Estas dualidades nos hacen preguntarnos: ¿cómo afecta la espacialización pública de la cultura a la comunidad misma y a la sociedad receptora? ¿Quién se incluye en este imaginario y a quién se excluye? En este estudio, examinamos el Barrio Chino de Buenos Aires como caso de estudio de un espacio público dedicado a una comunidad étnica y cultural y analizamos su doble rol de visibilización/ invisibilización y autenticidad/ intencionalidad. Situamos el análisis del barrio dentro de la agenda urbana de ciudad multicultural y nos enfocamos en los límites de este barrio como una imagen homogénea de la comunidad china en Buenos Aires, en la brecha entre el imaginario y la realidad, y además nos centramos en la tensión creada por la coexistencia de cultura y comercialidad dentro de este espacio. Por último, reflejamos el impacto incierto del coronavirus en las relaciones sociales interculturales y en el imaginario de la ciudad.
In the framework of globalization, a new competition to construct contemporary cities has emerged, where the cities’ multiculturalism become symbols of prosperity. The urban imaginary was created in the intersection of public and sociopolitical spaces, of cultures and their representations, and of the ideal and the reality. These dualities make us wonder: how does the public spatialization of culture impact the community itself as well as the recipient society? Who is included in this imaginary and who is excluded? In this study, we examine the Chinatown of Buenos Aires as a case study of a public space dedicated to an ethnic and cultural community, and analyze its double roles of visibilization / invisibilization and authenticity / intentionality. We situate the analysis of the neighborhood within the urban agenda of a multicultural city, and focus on its limits as a homogenous image of the Chinese comunidad in Buenos Aires, the gap between the imaginary and the reality, as well as the tension created by the coexistence of cultures and commerciality within this space. Lastly, we reflect on the uncertain impact of coronavirus on existing intercultural social relations and the imaginary of the city
Impactos en la salud pública y desigualdades frente al cambio climático en América Latina: Una aproximación hacia las consecuencias diferenciales de las inundaciones y olas de calor en la Cuenca Matanza Riachuelo. / Public health impacts and inequalities in the face of climate change in Latin America: an approach towards the differential consequences of floods and heat waves in the Matanza Riachuelo watershed.
No full textLa relación entre el cambio climático y la salud pública es un tema emergente y crítico para estudiar en la escala local, concretamente en lo que refiere a analizar los efectos producidos por las olas de calor y las inundaciones. Si bien existe un campo de investigación creciente sobre el tema, son pocos los trabajos que ahondan en la conexión con la salud pública, un elemento central para pensar en la gestión del cambio climático en las ciudades. Esto es precisamente lo que se propone hacer la presente investigación, tomando como caso de estudio la cuenca más urbanizada e industrializada de Argentina, la cuenca Matanza-Riachuelo, que abarca parte de la zona peri-urbana y rural circundante hacia el sureste de la región, atraviesa la ciudad de Buenos Aires y desemboca en la costa del Río de la Plata. En este territorio existen grandes disparidades en relación a la exposición de los impactos de eventos climáticos extremos y sus consecuentes riesgos para la salud.
Para estudiar este tema dentro de la cuenca, esta investigación se propone explorar la relación entre el clima y la salud de la población. Más específicamente, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar qué tan amenazantes son las olas de calor y las inundaciones para la cuenca; cuáles son los riesgos para la salud de la población; cuáles son las comunidades dentro de la cuenca con mayores riesgos de salud; en definitiva, se propone entender cómo es la relación entre el clima y la salud en la cuenca y cómo esta relación se ve atravesada por disparidades en la exposición a enfermedades. A su vez, como segundo objetivo general, la investigación se propone comprender cómo los actores gubernamentales han abordado este tema e identificar tácticas a través de las cuales estos actores pueden mejorar los planes de adaptación para desarrollar capacidades de adaptación y sistemas de apoyo para proteger la salud de su población.
Para explorar este tema, el trabajo se propuso una estrategia metodológica cualitativa, basada en la utilización de fuentes primarias (entrevistas virtuales) y secundarias (búsqueda y sistematización de informes). Las fuentes secundarias consisten en gran medida en informes de investigación de autores en campos relacionados con el medioambiente, la salud y las poblaciones vulnerables, así como en planes regionales de adaptación. Para garantizar el respeto y la confidencialidad de estas entrevistas, se firmó un formulario de consentimiento informado con cada entrevistado y se respetó el anonimato el anonimato en el caso de que así fuera solicitado.
Teniendo en cuenta toda esta información, esta investigación ha concluido que las olas de calor y las inundaciones son amenazas graves para la salud de la población de la cuenca, donde las poblaciones vulnerables, como las que viven en asentamientos informales o sin hogar, tienen un riesgo especialmente alto de contraer enfermedades frente a esta exposición. Debido a la escisión tradicional entre los sectores gubernamentales de salud y clima, la política de adaptación regional basada en el ámbito local no es suficientemente proactiva en su protección de la salud de la población contra las predicciones climáticas basadas en datos para la cuenca.
The relationship between climate change and public health is an emerging and critical topic to study at the local scale, specifically with regard to an analysis of the effects produced by heat waves and floods. Although there is a growing field of research on the subject, there are few works that delve into the connection with public health, a central element to think about the management of climate change in cities. This is precisely what this research intends to do, taking as a case study the most urbanized and industrialized basin in Argentina, the Matanza-Riachuelo basin, which extends from the Río de la Plata coast, crosses the city of Buenos Aires and covers part of the surrounding urban periphery and rural zone towards the southeast of the region. In this territory there are great disparities in exposure to the impacts of extreme climatic events and their consequent health risks.
To study this topic within the basin, this research aims to explore the relationship between climate and population health. More specifically, this research aims to analyze how heat waves and floods threaten the basin; what the potential correlated health risks are for the population and which communities within the basin have the highest health risks. In short, it is proposed to understand how the relationship between climate and health in the basin and how this relationship intersects with disparities in exposure to diseases. In turn, as a second general objective, the research aims to understand how government actors have addressed this issue and identify tactics through which these actors can improve adaptation plans to develop adaptation capacities and support systems to protect the health of its population.
To explore this topic, the work proposed a qualitative methodological strategy, based on the use of primary sources (virtual interviews) and secondary sources (research and systematization of reports). Secondary sources largely consist of research reports by authors in fields related to the environment, health and vulnerable populations, as well as regional adaptation plans. In order to guarantee the respect and confidentiality of these interviews, an informed consent form was reviewed by each interviewee and their anonymity was respected if requested.
Taking all this information into consideration, this investigation has concluded that heat waves and floods are serious threats to the health of the population of the basin, wherein vulnerable populations such as those living in informal settlements or without homes, are at especially high risk of disease exposure. Due to the traditional split between the governmental health and climate sectors, locally-based regional adaptation policy is not adequately proactive in its protection of population health against the data-driven climate predictions for the basin
Sin acceso a alimentos seguros, saludables y económicos: el modelo agroindustrial dominante y sus efectos en los consumidores en Salta, Argentina / Without access to safe, healthy, and affordable food: the dominant agroindustrial model and its effects on consumers in Salta, Argentina
No full textThis paper analyzes the effects of the hegemonic food system on low income consumers in Salta, Argentina. Results from previous literature indicate a relationship between the dominant agroindustrial model in Argentina and the concentration of power in the food production system. This paper seeks to contextualize the reports of malnutrition in Salta, a province in northwest Argentina, within larger social, cultural, and nutritional trends. To answer the question of how the hegemonic food system affects access to safe, healthy, and affordable food in Salta, I analyzed reports of various health outcomes (including malnutrition, cancer, birth defects, and obesity) and contextualized them using both national and local economic policies. Relying heavily on an understanding of the fight for food sovereignty, I conclude that the dominant agroindustrial model, and the hegemonic food system it creates, are detrimental to the long term viability of low income communities in northwest Argentina. The agroindustrial model is a product of the Washington Consensus and the neoliberal order\u27s power over the global south, and this paper has implications for understanding how this intervention has failed many Argentines
Encuentros intergeneracionales: Continuidades y reformulaciones en las prácticas militantes de las jóvenes integrantes de espacios de acompañamiento de aborto en la AMBA / Intergenerational encounters: Continuities and reformulations in the activist practices of the young members of abortion accompaniment spaces in the AMBA
Get PDFDebido al acceso restrictivo de los abortos legales, en los últimos diez años los espacios de acompañamiento de personas que quieren interrumpir la gestación se han convertido en un sitio importante de la militancia feminista en Argentina. Estos espacios o colectivos brindan información sobre el uso del medicamento misoprostol para abortar, conectan las personas gestantes con profesionales de salud “amigables” que garantizan el acceso al Interrupción Legal del Embarazo, y proveen apoyo durante el proceso de interrupción. Al mismo tiempo, en los últimos cinco años una marea de jóvenes ha entrado masivamente a la militancia feminista.
A través de la teoría sociológica de las generaciones y los estudios de las jóvenes feministas latinoamericanas, esta investigación estudia las formas en las que estas se vinculan con activistas feministas de generaciones mayores, y las continuidades y rupturas en las prácticas militantes a partir de sus vínculos intergeneracionales. La investigación está basada en entrevistas en profundidad a integrantes jóvenes de tres espacios de acompañamiento en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires.
Aunque las consejerías estudiadas están compuestas solamente por militantes jóvenes, hallé varios encuentros intergeneracionales que se vitalizan a través de su vinculación con feministas de generaciones mayores – profesionales de la salud y militantes - y objetos provistos por estas generaciones anteriores, que circulan en el activismo tal como fanzines de las primeras consejerías. Planteo que las relaciones intergeneracionales son fuentes de formación de las militantes jóvenes, tanto en el aprendizaje de saberes técnico/médicos como la formación militante. Además, entre otros hallazgos detecté que los desacuerdos se dan más bien a través de un proceso de reformulación de las prácticas de las consejerías anteriores a partir de las propias experiencias y nuevas ideas de las jóvenes integrantes y no tanto a partir del rechazo de las prácticas de generaciones antecesoras
The Right to Housing in Spain: Community Action and Alternative Housing Models
Get PDFThe right to housing is guaranteed by Spain\u27s constitution, the principles of the European Union, and U.N. human rights treaties to which Spain is signatory, yet Spain scarcely provides affordable housing and leaves its citizens struggling with poverty and unable to find a place to live. Unlike much of the rest of Europe, Spain’s social rented sector represents less than 1% of its total housing stock. Through policies that favor homeownership, promote the real estate market, and privatize social housing, Spain has left its citizens reliant on the private market for their fundamental need for housing. Social movements and nonprofit organizations address these failures through a variety of direct actions like preventing evictions and squatting in addition to broader efforts to advocate just housing policy and build community. Observatori DESC, based in Barcelona, works to defend the right to housing through research and political advocacy. This study explores the history of housing policies in Spain, policy and community efforts to address the housing crisis. After examining Observatori DESC’s recent publication advocating for urban commons, democracy, and community in the city, this study found Observatori and the PAH movement advocate for housing policy through a holistic critique of the housing crisis as a result of state policies that increase profits for international corporations while further impoverishing the most vulnerable and look to immediate community action as a way to protect the human right to housing
The current state of research on the global amphibian epidemic, chytridiomycosis: A systematic literature review and view into the future of the field
Get PDFRecent years have shown a rapid decline in global frog populations. Among other issues, one main cause of these declines has been linked to chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, or Bd. The discovery of this fungus is relatively recent in the field of herpetology, and thus there is much still unknown about the disease such as its distribution and what causes certain areas and species to be more susceptible to it. A systematic literature review was conducted to see where the state of the research is currently, in order to gain a better view of the possibilities for future management of the disease. This paper reviewed the research that has been done so far, taking note of geographical ranges studied, species studied, age of individuals studied, and methodology of studies, including ethical considerations. Gaps in the research include effective mitigation methods to be used in situ, leading to a suggestion for potential future research in this realm
Global Citizenship Education in Homeschooling Practices and Experiences in Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania
Get PDFGlobal citizenship education (GCED) has moved to the forefront of U.S. education policy. The core tenets of GCED are knowledge, skills, behaviors, actions, attitudes, and values. Through these tenets, GCED strives to prepare students to be contributing members of society through making positive change. In this study, I examined the extent to which GCED was integrated in homeschooling education in eight families located in four Northeastern states, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
The findings derived from individual interviews and surveys with homeschooling parents and their adult children as well as document analysis demonstrate that seven of the eight homeschooling families who participated in this study favored GCED as an educational approach, with the primary focus on attaining GCED knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes. The one family, who did not favor the GCED educational approach, indicated that their educational focus was more on national citizenship not global citizenship. These findings have the potential to contribute to better understanding homeschooling as an educational approach and to broaden the research of GCED to include families who choose to homeschool their children. Further research can explore variances in socio-economic, racial, or linguistic differences in homeschooling families as well as how travel experiences or lack thereof can impact their approach to educating their children
Ecological and Economic Benefits and Risks of Using Botanical Insecticides in Tanzanian Farms
Get PDFInsect damage is a major concern for smallholder farmers in developing countries like Tanzania. Synthetic insecticides can tame infestations, however they can be expensive, inaccessible, and their misuse can threaten farmer health and ecological conditions. Botanical insecticides are cheap alternatives to treat infestations while preserving beneficial insects such as pollinators, predators, and parasitoids. This study assesses how both synthetic and botanical insecticides affect beneficial insects, crop yield and profit/costs. This study finds botanical insecticides slightly less harmful towards non-target insects. Botanical insecticides seldomly improve crop yields but usually result in a higher profit/lower cost. Due to high variation in ecological and economic results, I recommend implementing botanical insecticides as an alternative to synthetic insecticides or using synthetic insecticides as a supplement to botanical insecticides. These recommendations should be linked with improved insecticide training and regulation to ensure safety and efficacy
Regulating Cultural Expressions in Post-Apartheid South Africa: A Case Study on Pretoria High School for Girls
Get PDFWithin the social sciences, there is some debate about multiculturalism’s compatibility with governing institutions in liberal democracies. Multiculturalism is a sociological concept that states cultures, races, and ethnicities, particularly those belonging to a minority group, deserve special acknowledgment of their differences within a dominant political culture. While promising in theory, the implementation of multiculturalism can lead to superficial recognition of differences and uphold institutionalized racism. I plan to use Pretoria High School for Girls as a single case study to examine the lingering heritage of apartheid and to better understand the tensions between multiculturalism and anti-racism in historically white South African schools through grooming policies that disproportionately impact Black women. This study will be qualitative in design and involve non-probability sampling of tweets under the hashtag #StopRacismAtPretoriaGirlsHigh, press releases, video interviews, and news articles. Overall, the sample of texts reveals three prominent trends in the discourse of hair discrimination on media platforms with black consciousness accounting for 27.4%, solidarity accounting for 17.7%, and Eurocentric ideals accounting for 34.5% of the content