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Internship Paper: Completed at the Humanitarian Law Center Kosovo
Get PDFThis paper discusses my experiences while online interning with the Humanitarian Law Center Kosovo, an organization based out of Prishtina and works to support inclusive and victims-centered transitional justice in Kosovo. I worked primarily on two research projects, one on the Transitional Justice Strategy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the other on the status of criminal complaints filed by the Humanitarian Law Center in Belgrade to the Serbian justice system related to war crimes committed in Kosovo. While the circumstances surrounding my online internship were not ideal due to the Covid-19 pandemic, my experience greatly enhanced my knowledge of the concepts I had gained over the course of the semester by giving me new practical understandings, and I learned valuable lessons about transitional justice and NGO work on the ground
Prescribing Public-Private Partnerships to Global Health Initiatives
Get PDFFor six weeks I served as a finance intern with the Toilet Board Coalition (TBC) and created a Portfolio Presentation to deliver to TBC’s corporate board members in May. With my background in Public Health and interest in Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability, I was interested in learning how cross-sector partnerships can help accelerate global health development. My internship with TBC provided me with valuable firsthand experience in my topic of research, Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), which I was able to compare alongside a formal literature review. In this research paper I combine my research with my internship experience to show that while PPPs have weaknesses, they can serve as a valuable tool in global health development. I also make several recommendations for future research initiatives that would help overcome these weaknesses
Ensuring Accountability to Affected Populations in Humanitarian Settings: Holding humanitarian organizations accountable to people.
Get PDFAim: This research aims to examine what guidelines and regulations help ensure that humanitarian organizations are held accountable to their beneficiary populations.
Background: Although people have always been the focus of humanitarian aid, their voice and participation didn\u27t become a centralized part of the conversation until the 1990s and later gained real traction in the early 2000s. During these times, many new foundational documents were created to highlight the centrality of local participation in aid. Among the documents that enshrined this new principle of population participation included the 1992 Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, the Humanitarian Charter in 2000, the Good Humanitarian Donorship principles in 2003, and the Humanitarian Reform initiative in 2005. Later came the adoption of the Cluster approach and the introduction of the HESPER model for needs assessment, but despite the gains in policy development, little change was being made to address the concerns of the affected populations in humanitarian emergencies. Even with the creation of the Transformative agenda and its goal of accountability to affected populations (AAP) as its core principle, humanitarian reviews still find little reform in the area of accountability to affected populations.
Methods: A literature review was used to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles and gray literature that centered on people power in humanitarian settings, donor to beneficiary relations, humanitarian coordination, humanitarian law and policy, and existing guidelines on accountability in humanitarian action. Two semi-structured, virtual interviews were conducted with experts in humanitarian aid and international policy who were chosen due to their relevant background in this topic. An analysis was conducted on the interviews to determine the main themes and subthemes in both responses.
Discussion: Factors that lead to a hinderance in accountability to affected populations include limited to no localization of aid in conflict settings, lack of communication between national and non-national humanitarian actors, marginalization of aid recipients’ leadership roles, problematic downward accountability measures, and a lack of participation when it comes to people’s perceived needs. However, due to prominent shortcomings in many recent major humanitarian responses, the importance of increasing accountability to people in humanitarian work has now become a focus that can no longer be ignored in the international community.
Results: Two themes emerged from this research: the implementation of proper channels to ensure accountability to affected populations and the barriers faced when working towards a coordinated approach for upholding humanitarian principles to aid recipients.
Conclusion: The lack of accountability to affected populations is not due to a lack of policy or principles, but rather it deals with the obscure nature of the rhetoric surrounding the humanitarian concept-- humanitarian relief must involve, and be accountable to, the crisis-affected people it serves – and the inability of the humanitarian community to turn this idealistic doctrine into a reality
El Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia en Argentina: una exploración cualitativa preliminar de la suficiencia relativa y el acceso / Emergency Family Income in Argentina: a qualitative and preliminary exploration of relative sufficiency and access
No full textEl gobierno argentino ha promulgado docenas de nuevas protecciones sociales y varios de apoyo financiero para limitar la devastación económica causada por la pandemia del coronavirus. Una de estas medidas es el Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia (IFE), un estímulo de 10.000 pesos dirigido a familias del sector informal. Esta población tiene poca capacidad para resistir un período indefinido sin ingreso, y simultáneamente es difícil de alcanzar con los otros programas de ingresos debido a la naturaleza de la informalidad. A través de un análisis del ecosistema de apoyo gubernamental y dos entrevistas con profesionales familiarizadas con el sector informal, este informe evalúa de manera preliminar el IFE en términos de la suficiencia relativa y el acceso. Es muy probable que los 10.000 pesos sean insuficientes para garantizar la supervivencia de las familias en este sector, y su distribución está plagada de varias barreras de acceso, muchas de las cuales involucran asuntos de tecnología. Los problemas del IFE resaltan muchas de las desigualdades estructurales que continúa reprimiendo el bienestar económico e inclusión social de trabajadores informales.
The Argentine government has enacted dozens of new social protections and various packages of financial aid to limit the economic devastation of the coronavirus pandemic. One of these measures is the Emergency Family Income (EFI), a stimulus of 10,000 pesos targeted at the families of the informal sector. This population has little capacity to withstand an indefinite period without income, and simultaneously is difficult to reach with income programs due to the nature of informality. Through an analysis of the ecosystem of government support and two interviews with professionals familiar with the informal sector, this report evaluates the EFI in terms of its relative sufficiency and access in a preliminary manner. It is very likely that 10,000 pesos is insufficient in guaranteeing the survival of the families in this sector, and its distribution is plagued by various barriers to access, many of which involve technological issues. The problems of the EFI highlight many of the structural inequalities that continue to suppress the economic wellbeing and social inclusion of informal workers
Surviving Under the Reign of El Niño Southern Oscillation: An analysis of the effects of extreme El Niño events on the oceanographic and biological environment of the Galápagos Islands
No full textEl Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is commonly known as the atmospheric and oceanographic powerhouse of the Southern Pacific Ocean. From phytoplankton to apex predators, ENSO controls the stability of species’ populations within this biodiverse ocean environment. El Niño’s 9-15 month alteration of the heat storage in the tropical Pacific drastically shifts the temperature, nutrient, and circulation gradient its marine life is accustomed to. A single degree change in the ocean’s surface layer temperature can have large consequences for marine species, and El Niño is commonly associated with Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTAs) between 2°- 6° Celsius. The potential danger El Niño poses to the ETP’s trophic structure is especially high in the Galápagos Islands. Positioned almost perfectly on the equator, the Galápagos Islands are located at the epicenter of this phenomenon. The Galápagos Islands’ unprecedented rate of endemism creates a dynamic and sensitive environment to analyze the interactions between abiotic and biotic factors altered by ENSO. Satellite imagery and computer models of the Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs), SSTAs, and chlorophyll concentrations (mg/m3, milligram per cubic meter) of the three most powerful El Niños ever recorded: 1982-83, 1997-98, and 2015-16 were examined in this study to investigate ENSO’s oceanographic influence. Secondary research was analyzed to examine ENSO’s effect on plant and animal populations in the Galápagos and ETP. This study concluded that there was a causal relationship between the SSTAs and chlorophyll concentrations observed across the ETP during El Niño Events. It also found that marine organisms suffered greatly during El Niño events that reached a SSTA threshold of +2°C and below chlorophyll concentrations of 0.12 mg/m3.
El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENSO) es bien conocida como la fuerza motriz de la atmosférica y oceanográfica del Océano Pacífico Sur. Desde el fitoplancton hasta los depredadores del ápice, ENSO controla la estabilidad de las poblaciones de especies dentro de este entorno oceánico biodiverso. La alteración de 9-15 meses por El Niño en el almacenamiento de calor en el Pacífico tropical cambia drásticamente el gradiente de la temperatura, los nutrientes y la circulación al que su vida marina está acostumbrado con. Un cambia de un solo grado en la temperatura de la capa superficial del océano puede tener grandes consecuencias para las especies marinas y El Niño se asocia comúnmente con anomalías de temperatura de la superficie del mar (SSTAs) entre 2°- 6° Celsius. El peligro potencial que El Niño se representa para la estructura trófica del PTO es especialmente alto en las Islas Galápagos. Situadas casi perfectamente en el ecuador, las Islas Galápagos se encuentran en el corazón del cambio de este fenómeno. La tasa sin precedentes de endemismo de las Islas Galápagos crea un entorno dinámico y sensible para analizar las interacciones entre factores abióticos y bióticos alterados por ENSO. En este estudio, se examinó las imágenes de satélites y los modelos informáticos de las temperaturas de la superficie del mar (SST), SSTAs y las concentraciones de clorofila (mg/m3, miligramo por metro cúbico) de los tres El Niños más poderosos jamás registrados: 1982-83, 1997-98, 2015-16 para investigar la influencia oceanográfica del ENSO. Además, se analizó la investigación secundaria para examinar el efecto de ENSO en las poblaciones de plantas y animales en las Galápagos y el PTO. Este estudio concluyó que había una relación causal entre las SSTAs y las concentraciones de clorofila observadas en todo el PTO durante los eventos de El Niño. También, lo encontró que los organismos marinos sufrieron mucho durante los eventos de El Niño que alcanzaron un umbral de SSTA de +2°C y por debajo de las concentraciones de clorofila de 0,12 mg/m3
La inclusión de la mujer indígena y el conocimiento en la conservación biológica en el Perú
No full textEl Perú es uno de los países más biodiversos en el mundo. Sin embargo, esta diversidad biológica está amenazada por el cambio climático. Para poder combatir este fenómeno, tenemos que incluir la mujer y sus saberes en la toma de decisiones sobre el manejo conservatorio de la biodiversidad. La meta a través de este estudio es presentar el estado actual del medioambiente y la mujer indígena, mostrar las vinculaciones entre el rol de la mujer indígena y sus saberes en la conservación de la diversidad biológica en Perú y hacer un plan multifacético que reconoce los tres temas con una perspectiva ecofeminista. Aunque hay otros planes y estrategias para incluir la mujer en el manejo ambiental, no todos abordan los problemas y las desigualdades existentes. Por eso, en mi plan de manejo, intento tomar un enfoque aún más interconectado que reconoce la relación entre la mujer y el conocimiento en la conservación. Además, el plan ofrece iniciativas para empoderar la mujer indígena y fomentar su participación directa en la toma de decisiones, educar la comunidad en general sobre las brechas vigentes genéricos y la pérdida de la biodiversidad, y fomentar la revalorización del conocimiento ancestral
La Relación entre Cambio Climático y Migración en los Andes de Perú: Los Q’ero, Taquile y la Cordillera Blanca
No full textEl cambio climático es uno de los problemas más grandes en el mundo. Los afectos de los cambios serán más graves para las personas más pobres y vulnerables. Perú es reconocido como uno de los países más vulnerables en el mundo, a causa de la presencia de glaciares tropicales, las cual son muy vulnerables a la desglaciación. Los efectos de cambio climático incluyen, entre otras cosas; el cambio de la temporada de lluvias y sequias, un aumento de la temperatura ambiental, inundaciones y tormentas severas. Todos estos factores hacen del cambio climático un riesgo para mucha gente y además, tiene una gran relación con el fenómeno de la migración en tiempos más recientes. Mientras migración siempre es más complejo que solo un razón y factor, en el Perú la gente ya está pensando de migración como solución a los cambios en varias partes del país, incluyendo los pueblos q’ero, en la isla de Taquile y en la Cordillera Blanca. Algunas personas ya han migrado desde sus hogares y más están pensando sobre migración en el futuro. El cambio climático es un gran factor en esta decisión porque hace que todos las otros variables en sus vidas empeoren; la economía, seguridad alimentaria, salud, etc. El cambio climático, según los naciones unidos, es un multiplicador del riesgo y por eso afecta la migración de gente, especialmente a la gente que vive en el área rural, especialmente indígena, quienes depende de la producción de la tierra para su sustento.
Climate change represents one of the most serious threats to the world. The changes caused will have the severest effects on the poorest and most vulnerable people in the world. Peru is recognized as one of the most vulnerable countries due to the presence of tropical glaciers, which are particularly vulnerable to temperature changes and melting. The effects of climate change include droughts, flooding, severe storms, pests, temperature increases, etc. Because of these changes, climate change puts millions of people at risk, including risk for migration. Although it is impossible to say that climate change is the only factor for any given migration, in Peru people are already thinking of migration as a strategy of adaptation to the changes, including the people of the q’ero, the island Taquile and in the Cordillera Blanca. Some people have already left their homes due to the changes and others are thinking that they will have to migrate due to the changes in the climate. Climate change, although not the only factor in the decision to leave, represents an important aspect and makes all the other variables worse; food security, the economy, health, etc. Climate change is a threat multiplier and because of this is an important factor in migration, especially the migration of rural and indigenous populations who depend on the earth for their livelihoods
Iskay Simipi Yachay: El papel de la educación intercultural bilingüe en la preservación y valoración de la lengua quechua en Perú
No full textPerú es un país multicultural y multilingüe, con una historia rica, especialmente con respecto a sus poblaciones indígenas. Específicamente, Perú tiene una población grande de quechua hablantes que viven principalmente en la región andina en el país. Más de tres millones de personas hablan quechua en Perú—el 13 por ciento de la población del país. Con un número tan significativo, el peligro que rodea al quechua puede no ser aparente, pero sin embargo existe. Durante su historia, Perú como un país sofocó la lengua quechua a favor de la lengua castellano. Esta represión de la lengua quechua también incluye la represión de la cultura quechua. Sin embargo, en años recientes, el gobierno de Perú ha tocado paso, principalmente a través del Ministerio de Educación (MINEDU), hacia la preservación y valoración del futuro de quechua a través de la educación intercultural bilingüe (EIB). Hasta hace poco, la EIB en Perú ha estado estancada, y en los años hasta 2012, había hecho pocos avances. Sin embargo, en la última década, la EIB en Perú ha creído mucha desarrollo y avances, que incluye—pero no se limitan—la creación de un registro nación para escuelas EIB y docentes bilingües, la creación de más programa para docentes bilingües y becas, y otras políticas importantes. Sin embargo, la EIB en Perú no está sin fallas. Unos de los desafíos más grandes para el futuro de la EIB y el futuro de la preservación de quechua es el hecho que hay un vacío grande entre las políticas de la EIB y la implementación en Perú. Esta investigación examina el estado de la lengua quechua (ambos en y fuera de la EIB) y qué papel juega la EIB actual en la preservación y valoración del quechua. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en el transcurso de un mes, e implicó la revisión de fuentes académicas, fuentes primarias y varias entrevistas con quienes trabajan directamente con el sistema de la EIB y/o la lengua quechua en el Perú.
Peru is a multicultural, and multilingual country, with a rich history, especially regarding its indigenous populations. Specifically, Peru has a large population of Quechua speakers who live mainly in the Andean region of the country. Over three million people speak Quechua—about 13% of the country’s population. With such a significant number, the danger that surrounds this language may not be overly apparent, but it nonetheless exists. Peru as a country spent decades suppressing the Quechua language in favor of the Spanish language. With the suppression of Quechua also came the suppression of Quechua culture. However, in recent years, the Peruvian government has taken steps, mainly through the Ministry of Education (MINEDU), towards the future preservation and valuation of Quechua through intercultural bilingual education (EIB). Until recently, EIB in Peru has been stagnant and, in the years leading up to 2012, made little advancements. However, in the last decade, EIB in Peru has made leaps and bounds forward through many different advances. These include, but are not limited to, the creation of a national registry for EIB schools and teachers, the creation of more teaching programs and scholarships, and through other important policies. This is not to say, however, that EIB in Peru is without faults. One of the biggest issues facing EIB in Peru, and facing the future of Quechua preservation, is the fact that there is a major gap between EIB policy and implementation in Peru. This study examines the current state of both the language of Quechua in and out of EIB, and what role the current state of EIB plays within the preservation and valuation of Quechua. This investigation was conducted over the course of a month, and involved the review of academic sources, primary sources, and several interviews with those who work directly with the EIB system and/or the language of Quechua in Peru
Room to Grow: A Comparative Analysis of Cannabis Regulation Models in Europe
Get PDFDebilitated by years of economic instability, the Spanish economy has not fully rebounded to its once strong place in the European market. And now, in the aftermath of a devastating pandemic, the nation will be searching for new sources of wealth. The lucrative market potential of controlled cannabis in medicinal and recreational settings is an attractive industry gaining popularity across Europe. This paper explores the various policy models and legal systems in Portugal, Germany, and the Netherlands. Combining a variety of sources, I seek to ascertain the best plan for Spain. Ultimately, analysis shows that a multi-pronged approach is the most shrewd way to introduce more progressive policy to Spain. This policy would include a fully integrated domestic cannabis industry, a cultural, non-partisan shift away from stigma, and market diversification. The best way forward is to continuously learn from mistakes
United or Divided? The Politics of Euro-Mediterranean Regional Identity and Migration Governance
Get PDFMigration management has become one of the foremost global governance challenges facing states today, as the number of people seeking to move across borders continues to rise exponentially. As a result, states have begun to band together into regions to collectively manage the flow of refugees and migrants into their territories. Given that these regions are grounded in the articulation of a common identity among member states, the overall trend of regionalism as it pertains to migration governance represents an interesting point of entry from which to analyze three intersecting dynamics: migration management, regional cooperation among states, and identity politics. The purpose of this project is to study how these three processes interact with and construct one another in the context of the “Euro-Mediterranean” region. This study thus contributes to a more nuanced understanding of regional identity-formation in the construction of migration policies