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El parto humanizado: perspectivas de profesionales en las maternidades públicas de Buenos Aires
Get PDFCon el reconocimiento de la tecnologización y medicalización del embarazo y parto en años recientes, el término violencia obstétrica y la ley del parto humanizado han surgido en Argentina. Aunque la ley define cómo los hospitales deben actuar para garantizar un parto donde la mujer sea la protagonista, su implementación depende de muchos factores, incluyendo la interpretación y opinión del profesional. Además, las mujeres que viven en situaciones de pobreza son quienes más frecuentemente usan los servicios de salud públicos y por ello suelen estar más expuestas a la naturalización de la violencia en la atención de la salud y a la falta de información sobre sus derechos. Por eso, esta investigación intenta explorar las perspectivas de los profesionales sobre el parto humanizado en las maternidades de hospitales públicos. La investigación tuvo lugar en 2 maternidades de hospitales públicos, una en la provincia de Buenos Aires y otro en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, donde 6 profesionales fueron entrevistados en cada hospital (un total de 12 profesionales). Las preguntas cubrían temas como los servicios para mujeres en la maternidad y durante el proceso del parto, el perfil de las mujeres, conocimientos sobre la ley, opiniones sobre la ley, elementos más importantes de un parto humanizado, posiciones de parto e infraestructura, la percepción de su rol en el parto humanizado y la definición de violencia obstétrica. La meta del trabajo fue de ver qué componentes incluyeron estos profesionales en sus conocimientos y opiniones y analizar la información dada sobre cada componente. Los resultados mostraron que casi todos los profesionales tienen un conocimiento sobre la ley. El derecho a la información no fue tan enfatizado como debe ser, mientras que el acompañamiento de la mujer embarazada tuvo un peso muy fuerte en muchas definiciones. Las perspectivas de los profesionales parecen relacionarse con el contexto en que trabajan. Muchos profesionales mencionaron la infraestructura como una barrera a la implementación de la ley. Aun así, hay que preservar las necesidades de las mujeres y no caer en una “generalización” del parto humanizado. La meta debe ser empoderar y personalizar la atención para cada mujer.
With the recognition of the technification and medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth in recent years, the term obstetric violence and the humanized birth law have emerged in Argentina. Although the law defines how hospitals must act in order to guarantee a labor where the woman is the protagonist, its implementation depends on many factors, including the interpretation and opinion of the professional. What’s more, women living in poverty are those who use public health care services the most and because of that they tend to be exposed to the naturalization of violence in health care and to a lack of information about their rights. Therefore, this investigation intends to explore the perspectives of professionals on humanized birth in the maternities of public hospitals. The research took place in two maternities of public hospitals, one in the province of Buenos Aires and one in the City of Buenos Aires, where six professionals were interviewed in each hospital (a total of 12 professionals). The questions covered topics such as services for women in the maternity and during the birth process, the profile of the women, knowledge of the law, opinions about the law, most important elements of a humanized birth, birthing positions and infrastructure, perception of their role in humanized birth and the definition of obstetric violence. The goal of the study was to see which components these professionals included in their knowledge and opinions and analyze the information given about each component. The results showed that almost all professionals have knowledge of the law. The right to information was not as emphasized as it should be, while accompaniment had a very strong weight in many definitions. The professionals’ perspectives appear to relate to the context in which they work. Many professionals mentioned resources as a barrier to the implementation of the law. There is a need to prevent the generalization of humanized delivery and focus on empowering and customizing care for each woman
Jóvenes en movimiento: los papeles de la danza folklórica y contemporánea en las vidas de los jóvenes Cochabambinos
Get PDFEste proyecto es una comparación y contraste de los papeles y las influencias de la danza folklórica y la danza contemporánea en las vidas de los jóvenes cochabambinos. Durante este proyecto, yo trabajé muy de cerca con el Instituto Laredo—un colegio fiscal en Cochabamba que quiere integrar las enseñanzas de las artes en la educación de los jóvenes. Mi pregunta de investigación es, ¿Cuáles son las diferencias en los valores que se transmiten y se aprenden con la danza folklórica y contemporánea y cómo estos valores impactan el crecimiento y el desarrollo de los jóvenes? Para este proyecto, yo entrevisté a profesoras de danza folklórica y contemporánea, encuesté a jóvenes de la secundaria que bailan y también asistí a presentaciones de danza folklórica y contemporánea. Lo que encontré es que las danzas funcionan juntas para desarrollar jóvenes que tengan amor, respeto y entendimiento por de dónde son y quiénes son. Ellos usan este conocimiento de sí mismos para empujar los límites de sus cuerpos e imaginar nuevas maneras de expresar sus experiencias y realidades. Por eso, la danza es una manera para que los jóvenes utilicen sus voces, dentro de sus vidas de danza y afuera también
Water Quality in the Río Pastaza Watershed A comparative study of Ríos Topo, Zuñag, and Pastaza and the impact of the Topo Hydroelectric Project using Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators
No full textRíos Zuñag, Pastaza, and Topo flow through one of the rainiest and water-rich places in Ecuador. Río Zuñag is a relatively small, pristine montane river and Río Pastaza is a relatively large, contaminated river that receives the untreated wastewater of many communities. Río Topo’s unique watershed and gradient allow it to be home to many plants that have adapted to its unique environment, including the hyperendemic liverwort Myriocolea irrorata. However, in recent years, all of the water of Río Topo has been sold by the state of Ecuador to be developed for hydroelectric projects (HEP). The first of these projects is currently under construction near the small community of Azuay. HEPs have major environmental and social impacts in the regions they are built. The objectives of this study were to assess the water quality of Ríos Topo, Zuñag, and Pastaza, with a focus on Río Topo due to the current HEP construction. Social and economic impacts of the HEP were also included briefly. All three rivers were compared using benthic macroinvertebrate metrics, as well as physiochemical characteristics. Additionally, the samples taken upstream and downstream of the construction on Río Topo were compared. Overall, the macroinvertebrate metrics supported the expectation that Río Zuñag would have the highest macroinvertebrate family richness, family diversity, and overall water quality, followed closely by Río Topo, and less closely by Río Pastaza. According to the macroinvertebrate metrics, the water quality upstream and downstream of the HEP on Río Topo was not significantly different. The physiochemical data supported these findings. This was expected because the HEP is not currently operational, but it will be critical to do further water quality studies in the future when it is. The HEP had some social and economic impact on the community of El Topo, including a six-year law suit and resistance movement, biased economic benefits, and general exploitation of El Topo’s natural resources.
Ríos Zuñag, Pastaza, y Topo corren a través de uno de los más lluviosos lugares en Ecuador. Río Zuñag es un río pequeño, prístino, y montañoso y Río Pastaza es un río grande y contaminado que recibe las aguas no tratados de muchas comunidades. La cuenca única y la pendiente del Río Topo hacen un hogar para muchas plantas que han adaptado a su medio ambiente único, incluyendo la hepática hiperendémica Myriocolea irrorata. Sin embargo, en años recientes, toda el agua de Río Topo ha sido vendida por el estado del Ecuador para desarrollo hidroeléctrico. Actualmente, el primer de estos proyectos se está construyendo cerca del pueblito Azuay. Proyectos hidroeléctricos tienen impactos ambientales y sociales en las regiones donde están. Los objetivos de este estudio eran evaluar la calidad del agua de los Ríos Topo, Zuñag, y Pastaza, con un enfocado en Río Topo debido al proyecto hidroeléctrico. Impactos sociales y económicos del proyecto fueron incluyendo brevemente. Los tres ríos fueron comparados usando métricos de macroinvertebrados, y también característicos fisicoquímicos. Además, las muestras de río arriba y abajo del proyecto del Topo fueron comparadas. Generalmente, los métricos de los macroinvertebrados apoyan las expectativas que Río Zuñag tendría la riqueza de familias, diversidad de familias, y la calidad del agua más altas, seguido por Río Topo, y Río Pastaza. Siguiendo a los métricos de los macroinvertebrados, la calidad del agua de las muestras de río arriba y río abajo del proyecto no fue diferente significantemente. Los datos fisicoquímicos apoyan estas conclusiones. Estas conclusiones se esperaban porque el proyecto hidroeléctrico todavía no está en funcionamiento. Será crítica para hacer más estudios de la calidad del agua en el futuro cuando el proyecto está en funcionamiento. El proyecto tenía impactos sociales y económicos en la comunidad El topo, incluyendo un juicio y resistencias de seis años, beneficios económicos parciales, y explotación general de los recursos naturales de El Topo
El Grano Milagroso y su Lado Oscuro: Un estudio sobre la demanda de la quinua y sus efectos en los sistemas de producción de la comunidad de Cabana
Get PDFEsto es un estudio sobre los sistemas agrícolas de producción en la comunidad campesina de Cabana en el departamento de Puno. Los agricultores en el Altiplano de Puno tradicionalmente producen la quinua y otros cultivos andinos de una manera extensiva. Pero, en el mundo se está realizando un “boom de quinua” ahora. Lo que significa alta demanda, mayor precio que beneficia a los campesinos andinos. La comercialización de la quinua en Cabana ha cambiado su producción a ser más intensivo, y los usos ancestrales de la tierra están disminuyendo. Encontré una tendencia de menos descanso del suelo, más mecanización y más área de cultivación. El altiplano de Puno es una parte del mundo que falta mucho el desarrollo sostenible – la población es muy vulnerable al cambio climático y tiene niveles altos de pobreza. Pero, hay evidencia emperica que la producción de la quina no será sostenible en algunos años. Yo uso la teoría de “exposición doble” para medir como la comercialización de la quinua y los fenómenos climáticos afectan las variables del uso de tierra. Este trabajo pasó durante tres semanas en el campo, viviendo con una familia de productores de la quinua, y mucho más tiempo en la ciudad de Cusco, examinando la literatura del tema
Characteristics of Geoffroy’s tamarin (Saguinus geoffroyi) population, demographics, and territory sizes in urban park habitat (Parque Natural Metropolitano, Panama City, Panama)
Get PDFMetropolitan parks are an important refuge for wildlife in developed areas. In the tropics, land conversion threatens rainforest habitat that holds some of the highest levels of biodiversity in the world. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of Geoffroy’s tamarin (Saguinus geoffroyi) population, demographics, and territory size in a highly urbanized forest habitat (Parque Natural Metropolitano (PNM), Panama City, Republic of Panamá). Studies of animal response to modified habitats are important as development continues worldwide. S. geoffroyi is an ideal species to study for this purpose due to the species’ tolerance to habitat disturbance. This particular park is of interest because it is part of a biological corridor that spans more than 26,000 hectares. Over the course of 12 days, the park was surveyed from its trails and auditory was used luring twice. Graphics were created of the 16 detection events and data concerning group sizes, demographics, location, and direction of movement were used to establish groups sighted. This study found a preference for the area of the park including trails Cieneguita and Mono Tití. Observations and personal communications from Park guards indicate that this is likely due to distribution of fruiting trees in that area at this time. Additionally, observations of S. geoffroyi responses to auditory luring in this study indicate the potential for this method to be used to determine sex of individuals. Restrictions of transect surveying to established trails made it impossible to determine territory sizes or group sizes and demographics with certainty in this study. Additional studies of the Park’s connectivity, territory sizes, food sources, and population are suggested to better understand the impacts of forest habitat in an urban area on Geoffroy’s tamarins
Addressing the Past, Embracing the Future: An Analysis of How Historic Inequality has Created Current Obstacles to Learning English in Brazil and a Proposal for a New Community-Based Approach
Get PDFThis paper contextualizes current challenges to English learning in Brazil within the educational history of the country. It explores the ways in which language, both native literacy and foreign, has been used to set apart and advantage the elite class, while educational policy and approaches have served to pacify and control the majority. This history has left psychological, cultural, and economic legacies which inhibit learning today. Nevertheless, modern globalization is placing increasing pressure on Brazilians to achieve fluency in English and other languages. This paper briefly outlines the new and complex intellectual and social skills needed to participate in a global world, which have not been developed by authoritarian approaches to education, as well as how the development of English as an International Language (EIL) provides a solution to the identity conflict caused by an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) perspective. With this historic and modern context as the background, this paper describes the importance of English in the ecotourism destination of Bonito, Brazil and outlines a new approach to English learning that seeks to address the challenges previously discussed here and engage learners actively in the process of language learning
Ficus sp. y la frugivoría: Una investigación sobre un recurso importante para las aves en el bosque nublado occidental del Ecuador
No full textOcho plantas fructíferas de Ficus sp. (Moraceae) fueron monitoreadas durante 16 días en la reserva La Hesperia en el bosque nublado al oeste del Ecuador; esto con el objetivo de entender mejor los patrones de la frugivoría aviar y la relación entre las aves y el género Ficus. Se observaron aves durante el 70.8% de las visitas de observación, en las que se registraron 326 individuos, 28 especies, y 7 familias comiendo la fruta de las plantas de Ficus. La mayoría (74.5%) de las aves observadas perteneció a la familia Thraupidae, siendo las dos especies predominantes Tangara gyrola y Tangara arthus (Thraupidae). Ignorando las visitas en las que no se observaron aves, se encontró un promedio de 3.29 especies por visita. Había significativamente más aves comiendo la fruta temprano por la mañana (0615-0715) que en la tarde (1400-1500). Los resultados de este estudio apoyan la idea de que plantas del género Ficus son un recurso clave porque proveen cantidades grandes de fruta para muchas especies frugívoras, muchas veces cuando otras fuentes de alimento están escasas. A pesar de que especies del género de Ficus pueden estrangular y dañar a las plantas hospederas, el manejo de La Hesperia debe incluir el mantenimiento de unos árboles de Ficus para apoyar el funcionamiento del ecosistema y promover una variedad amplia de especies de aves en el área.
Abstract
Eight fruiting Ficus sp. (Moraceae) plants were monitored over the course of 16 days in La Hesperia reserve in the western cloud forest of Ecuador to gain a better understanding of avian frugivory patterns and the relationship between birds and the genus Ficus. Birds were seen during 70.8% of observation visits, in which 326 individuals, 28 species, and 7 families were observed eating the fruit of the Ficus plants. The majority (74.5%) of birds belonged to family Thraupidae; the two most prevalent species were Tangara gyrola and Tangara arthus (Thraupidae). Disregarding the visits in which no birds were observed, there was an average of 3.29 species per observation period. Significantly more birds were seen feeding in the early morning (0615-0715) than in the afternoon (1400-1500). The results of this study support the idea that plants in the genus Ficus are a keystone resource, as they provide large quantities of fruit to many frugivores, often when other food sources are scarce. Although Ficus plants can strangle and harm host trees, management of La Hesperia should include maintenance of some Ficus trees so as to support the functioning of the ecosystem and promote a wide variety of bird species in the area
BREATHE to Understand
Get PDFBREATHE is an acronym for Breathe, Reflect, Empathize, Accept, Thank, Hearten, Engage. The addition of Understand allows for a holistic approach to living a healthy and balanced life both inside and outside the classroom. This paper took form as a result of my personal, spiritual journey, as well as my teaching practice. I noticed that the majority of my students enjoyed experiential activities that included time and space for self-reflection, relaxation and meditation. I began looking for books, seminars, and workshops that explored these areas. Deepak Chopra, Jonathan Kabat-Zinn, Dan Siegel, Eckhart Tolle, et al. offer insights into the benefits of meditation and mindfulness as a vehicle for improved quality of life. His Holiness the Dalai Lama describes compassion as a basic human value that is separate from religious practices and beliefs. The positive effects of gratitude on a person’s well-being have been studied by Dr. Robert Emmons and others. In addition, Charles A. Curran writes about the importance of understanding and its connection to our sense of belonging. SIT Graduate Institute’s focus on reflective teaching practices is another piece of the puzzle that creates a holistic approach to life-long learning. Each chapter includes practical activities for EFL teachers to use in the classroom. The goal of this paper is to provide a framework for EFL teachers, students and anyone interested in lifelong learning to incorporate activities that enable all of us to BREATHE to Understand as a part of our daily lives
Utopian Visions in Radical Communities: Burning Man
Get PDFThis research paper is a collection of utopian visions gathered from the Radical Community of Burning Man. The goal of this research is to collect a sample of utopian visions from this community, organize them, and share them in a way that can be effectively used in a professional and/or activist environment. Research was done in the fall of 2013 at the Burning Man Festival, in 2014 at a Regional Burning Man Event: Lakes of Fire, and with the Burner Community around these times. The primary research question is: What are utopian visions of the \u27Burning Man\u27 radical community? The field question exclusively used to collect all participant responses was: What is something you\u27d like to see happening in the future in an Ideal or Utopian Future? Data was collected from over 300 participant responses. The reason for this research is to provide a view into the radical visions of utopia, using Burning Man as a specific case study. This research provides a basis for both further similar research projects and a foundation for efforts to create a more ideal or utopian society thorough social activism and community design projects. Limitations are presented, and conceptual frameworks are provided to assist in analysis of the collected data. The cherished component of this research project is the responses from the members of the Burning Man Community, and I am grateful for their time, for their love, and for sharing their visions of utopia
Social Identity-Based Threats to Human Security: Gender Practice in Sustainable Development and Conflict Transformation
Get PDFI seek to advocate for practitioners in conflict transformation and/or sustainable development to build awareness around the peoples who, according to the status afforded them by their identities within a social context, experience threats to their own sense of human security within situations of violent conflict and/or underdevelopment. This capstone does so by examining gender -- that is, the context-specific distinctions between men and women-- as a social context that influences an individual’s feelings of human security. The capstone then expands a practitioner’s means of addressing gender-based threats to human security in situ. I will first define and situate human security, which describes the working concept of being free from fear and from want, and then will shift focus to social identity as a determinant of human security. As an example, the capstone will use gender contexts, defining the scope and outlining the history of gender practice in the fields of conflict transformation and sustainable development. Using the “Gender Continuum Tool,” this capstone will explore the positive and negative incentives for performing gender practice, relating such reasons back to human security. It will then explore some practical implications for gender practice, relating to examples from my practicum experience at an international development consulting firm in the Washington, D.C. area. Last, the capstone will re-situate the implications of gender practice back into consideration for social identities and social contexts as they relate to human security. Altogether, the considerations in this capstone can help practitioners in conflict transformation and sustainable development take into account those who suffer the deepest threats to human security, thus furthering practice that is effective, self-reflexive, sensitive, and human-focused