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Interpretative Representation and Justice: The Effects of Inadequate Translation on the Human Rights of Migrants in the Justice System In Spain
Get PDFAcross the world there is an increasing human rights issue regarding the improper treatment of immigrants in the justice system. Fundamental human rights are protected by Spanish and European Union law, which includes the right to interpretative representation. Adequate interpretation and translation are recognized by many individuals in academia and law as crucial for adequate communication. The right to interpretative representation is essential to address the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural needs of migrants when entering a state that does not standardize their native tongue institutionally. When inadequacies appear with interpretation throughout the justice system, improper communication often occurs, causing issues for procedural justice and due process. Adequate interpretative representation is essential for proper procedural justice, which is a fundamental human right protected by the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Translators are bound by a code of ethics, but when inadequacies occur, obstructions of justice arise often through misunderstandings of important information. In recent years Spain has experienced a rise of migrants trying to enter Europe through the southern border at Andalusia, Melilla, Ceuta, and the Canary Islands. Many of these migrants arrive from Sub-Saharan African states, where various languages and dialects exist, enhancing the importance of interpretative representation for migrants in the Spanish justice system. This increased need for professional interpreters is difficult to meet, which has led to various human rights violations due to lack of quantity of interpreters, issues at the border due to language barriers or anti-migrant sentiment, or other barriers regarding interpretative quality. The experience of migrants in Spain is key to the understanding of human rights issues throughout the EU, and interpretative representation is one of the most important
Expanding Access to Undergraduate Higher Education for China\u27s Ethnic Minority Populations
Get PDFChina has one of the world’s oldest and largest sets of minority affirmative action policies, which provide 125 million individuals from recognized ethnic minority groups with preferences in family planning, school admissions, employment, business financing and taxation, and financial subsidies. This paper aims to examine how China implements preferential policies for ethnic minority undergraduate applicants to its higher education institutions. Policies of preferential admissions in China are designed to compensate for inequalities in educational opportunity among different ethnic groups. This compensatory approach is based on the concept that equal treatment of differently situated groups may itself create inequality. Yet preferential policies alone will not eliminate inequities in educational attainment, if preferential policies did not exist, however, competitive examinations and the meritocracy principle would have retained the status quo and perpetuated existing (dis)advantages. Well-focused, high-leverage preferential policies can produce significant and enduring changes, but they will demonstrate limited success unless they are part of a larger, system-oriented, and far-reaching socioeconomic development strategy
College of Charleston (CofC) Experiential Learning Program in Ghana, Spring 2024
Get PDFThis study evaluates the impact and outcomes of an experiential learning program in Ghana for students with a declared business major or minor at the College of Charleston. The research focuses on the personal, academic, and professional growth experienced by program participants, as well as their immersion in Ghanaian culture and entrepreneurial experiences. The study utilizes the ADDIE model, encompassing the stages of Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate, to assess the program\u27s effectiveness. The qualitative data collected provides a holistic overview of the participants\u27 experiences and perceptions, allowing for the identification of areas of success and improvement. The findings have led to actionable recommendations for future program planning and enhancements. The study also addresses potential biases in the participants\u27 reflections and experiences, emphasizing transparency and seeking feedback from multiple perspectives. The research highlights the importance of expanding study abroad opportunities to encompass a broader range of global regions and provides valuable insights for program planning and development
Population and Distribution of the Ashy Red Colobus Monkey in Community Forests in Biharamulo District, Northwestern Tanzania
Get PDFThis study was conducted in November 2024 using active observation searches and geospatial surveys to collect data. A total of 0.404357 km2 in the three forests was canvassed, and 108 individuals were observed. The study aimed to estimate the population and distribution of Ashy red colobus monkeys in three community forests in Biharamulo District, Northwestern Tanzania, where no previous research on the Ashy red colobus has taken place. A Bayesian negative binomial model and negative binomial regression model were applied to these findings to estimate 180 individuals in the three forests, with 40, 47, and 93 individuals estimated to reside in Nyamahanga, Karundi, and Mabila forests, respectively. An average group size of 15.43 individuals was observed. Ashy red colobus monkey distribution was restricted mainly to gullies and patches of dense canopy. These results of low populations, relatively small group sizes, and spatial restriction to certain areas indicate population decline due to habitat degradation and fragmentation. Management interventions are recommended to limit further habitat destruction and protect the persistent population of Ashy red colobus monkeys in the Nyamahanga, Karundi, and Mabila community forests
Seeds of Dependency: How neocolonialism acts as a barrier to sustainable agriculture in Cameroon’s Centre region
Get PDFThis paper aims to answer how neocolonialism has acted as a barrier to sustainable agriculture in the Centre region of Cameroon. This research draws on primary data from interviews with government officials, NGO employees, and farmers, as well as observations conducted in the village of Sa’a, and a review of literature on Cameroon’s colonial history and agricultural practices. It reveals that the barriers to sustainable agriculture are rooted in entrenched economic incentives driven by foreign investors and multinationals, with the complicity of the Cameroonian government, domestic NGOs, and producers. Findings uncovered that these financial incentives in turn encourage export driven agriculture and the use of foreign produced, unsustainable farming practices that both exacerbate land degradation and further dependency on foreign resources. By shedding light on these issues, this paper contributes to contemporary literature on sustainable development and colonialism’s legacy on the African continent.
Cet article cherche à répondre à la question de savoir comment le néocolonialisme a constitué un obstacle à l’agriculture durable dans la région du Centre du Cameroun. Cette recherche s’appuie sur des données primaires provenant d’entretiens avec des fonctionnaires du gouvernement du Cameroun, des employés d’ONG et des agriculteurs, ainsi que sur des observations réalisées dans le village de Sa’a, et une revue de la littérature sur l’histoire coloniale du Cameroun et les pratiques agricoles. Elle révèle que les obstacles à l’agriculture durable sont enracinés dans des incitations économiques profondément ancrées, propulsées par les investisseurs étrangers et les multinationales, avec la complicité du gouvernement camerounais, des ONG locales et des producteurs. Les résultats montrent que ces incitations financières favorisent l’agriculture orientée vers l’exportation et l’utilisation de pratiques agricoles non durables produites à l’étranger, qui exacerbent la dégradation des terres et renforcent la dépendance vis-à-vis des ressources étrangères. En mettant en lumière ces problèmes, cet article contribue à la littérature contemporaine sur le développement durable et l’héritage du colonialisme sur le continent africain
Big Sinners: Tracing Substance Addiction from the West to East Through Tourism
Get PDFPeople have long sought to control and harness the power vested in drugs. Said power is both real and imagined. Drug policy capitalizes on its “imagined power” by constructing social and political narratives about drug addiction. Sometimes these narratives are fair, based on evidence, and support individuals facing substance use disorders. Other times, they are misleading, corrupted, or misrepresentative of the actual “drug problem”. When defined outside the context of their environment and identity, drug users must relinquish agency over how their life is conceived and acted upon. Further, when drug use is defined in misleading to incorrect terms, individuals, organizations, and governments struggle to establish efficient solutions. In India, current rehabilitation and recovery methods are ineffective, often perpetuating harm inflicted on the individual. While many Indian citizens are punished or dehumanized for drug use, some regions of the country intentionally sustain drug cultures through drug tourism. These areas provide individuals with an alternative and temporary reality where drugs are prevalent, but their social associations are not. Through dissolving the problematic, illicit, or deviant assumptions tied to drug use, the destination and habits of the people adopt an “imagined” center. Drug tourism does this efficiently and with lasting harm to local individuals who begin selling or using drugs themselves. Due to the inhumane and ineffective condition of drug treatment and rehabilitation centers within India, drug tourism creates a perpetual cycle of criminalization and abuse for locals. However, this problem rarely affects tourists. The distinction between drug use at home, for locals, and drug use on holiday, for tourists, rests on the individual\u27s privilege to leave. If drug policy is determined by movement, the overwhelming understanding of drug use, misuse, and recovery is not only flawed but inherently unjust. A comparison between India’s rehabilitation infrastructure and tourism within the Parvati V alley reifies an abhorrent contradiction in India’s drug policy and actuates a call for change
Good Kid M.A.A.D City A Study Analyzing the Root Motivation for Why Jordanians Join Jihadi Salafist Groups
Get PDFThis study examines the motives of Jordanians who join Jihadi Salafist groups. Particularly, the researcher focuses on social and economic factors that could motivate Jordanians to join these groups. Drawing from interviews with experts, a review of the 2018 Sociology of Extremism and Terrorism in Jordan study, and historical analysis, the researcher identifies three primary motivators: government failure, identity crises, and economic challenges. Key findings highlight that the failure of Arab states to provide adequate governance and public services to their people caused mistrust and a feeling of discrimination among the Arab people. Identity issues, a deep sense of isolation, and a lack of identity possibly caused by ethnic discrimination and economic stress are believed to be strong motivators. At the same time, economic hardship could be another motivator; there is disagreement among the experts about that possibility. The paper critiques Western counterterrorism approaches that emphasize militarized solutions, arguing that these strategies exacerbate the root causes by destabilizing regions further and fueling recruitment. Instead, the study calls for policies addressing governance, economic opportunity, and community integration as sustainable solutions to curbing the influence of Jihadi Salafist movements
An analysis of abortion services from the perspective of healthcare professionals at a public hospital in the greater Buenos Aires area in 2024: a case study.
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En este informe, se realiza una exploración de los servicios de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en un hospital público ubicado en el Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina a través de tres entrevistas con profesionales de salud que trabajan allí. Cada profesional juega un papel vital en el tratamiento de estas pacientes y se especializan en campos diferentes: el trabajo social, la psicología y la ginecología. Estas tres especialistas forman un equipo interdisciplinario de tratamiento y tienen perspectivas distintas sobre los cambios en los servicios a lo largo de los últimos años, las pacientes que los usan y la funcionalidad de los servicios.
El tema de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo actualmente es muy pertinente porque la ley que legalizó el derecho de estos servicios es tan nueva. Desde enero del año 2021, la ley 27.610 ha estado en vigor y no solo los servicios médicos sino que las actitudes de la población han necesitado cambiar. Los derechos en la salud de las mujeres han sido y seguirán siendo una conversación importante en las poblaciones de todo el mundo y con cambios en leyes como esta es importante evaluar cómo se ponen en acción realmente.
Este informe explora los temas claves de los servicios de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo a través de fuentes primarias, las entrevistas, y fuentes secundarias, literatura que ya existen. Un marco teórico explicará el contexto histórico del tema y el desarrollo de servicios desde el comienzo de la ley. Además, las entrevistas proveen perspectivas únicas e interesantes sobre el desarrollo y funcionalidad de los servicios y ellas son analizadas luego en el trabajo. El análisis concluye que hay un montón de factores que influyen en el funcionamiento de estos servicios y que dos factores específicos de este hospital son el suministro de medicamentos y los objetores de conciencia
The Changing Power Dynamics and Emerging Multipolarity in WTO
Get PDFThis paper examines the evolving power dynamics within the WTO since its creation and provides an in-depth analysis of how the changing power dynamics has impacted the multilateral institutions within the WTO. The analysis is divided into three sessions, each talking about a phase of power dynamics.The first phase explores how power imbalances between developed and developing countries have prompted the latter to form coalitions to counterbalance developed country dominance. The second phase stresses the growing multipolarity and multilateralism driven by the rising influence of developing countries, which is reflected by divergent trade interests within developing countries and the inability of the traditional developed-developing country framework to fully capture the WTO system. The third phase shows the growing protectionism in the U.S. and reluctance to participate in multilateral institutions, exemplified by its blockade of Appellate Body.This action, influenced by domestic trade interests and geopolitical factors, has disrupted the WTO’s two-tier dispute settlement system and undermined trade multilateralism. The paper answers the research questions with the analysis of three phases of power dynamics within the WTO. The paper concludes that addressing the WTO’s challenges requires open-minded, multilateral negotiations among all member states
The Association Between Mental Health Disorders and Glycemic Control in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Get PDFAdolescence is a very challenging period in a person\u27s life as it is often filled with hormonal changes, emotional turmoil, and time for development socially, emotionally, and mentally. The addition of a chronic illness on top of the transition from child to adult creates a large burden on quality of life. The most common chronic illness diagnosed in adolescence is type 1 diabetes. This is an illness with a significant medical burden as it requires close monitoring of blood glucose levels, constant insulin injections, and diet control. The combination of adolescence and a chronic illness leads to higher rates of mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Furthermore, the presence of a mental health disorder leads to poorer glycemic control increasing the risk of diabetes-related complications.
This paper examines the prevalence of mental health disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes, the implications it has on their glycemic control, and potential solutions to help alleviate the burden of chronic illness to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorders and improve glycemic control