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SYRIAN REFUGEES’ LIVED EXPERIENCES IN MOROCCO
Get PDFAs the Syrian refugee crisis unfolds, those fleeing the country’s civil war are seeking refuge across the world. According to official numbers from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Syrians make up about 68% of Morocco’s documented refugee population. This ISP studies Syrian refugees’ lives in Morocco, using direct-quote, short-form narratives to highlight lived experiences. It begins with an in-depth analysis of the refugee policies in place here, and then features reflections from refugees themselves. It highlights how factors such as the amount of time spent here, refugee status, residency status, occupation, and cultural differences affect what Syrians think of their livesin Morocco
A Study of Reptile Community Diversity Related to Habitat Characteristics at Marojejy National Park
Get PDFMarojejy National Park is known for its diversity. Though it is home to the silky sifaka, it has extensive populations of herpetofauna. Seventy-seven species of reptiles have been documented in Marojejy National Park. This study aimed to evaluate the reptile community diversity and habitat characteristics in the park through systematic searches of ten-by-ten-meter plots, and inventory of species as they were found throughout the park. Systematic searches yielded the finding of 19 of the total 25 species identified. Some species that were found had not been previously seen at Marojejy before, most notably, Brookesia sp. “Nosy Hara”, Brookesia desperata, Furcifer sp. “Montagne d’Ambre”, and Uroplatus phantasticus. In addition to not being documented at Marojejy, some of these species are not listed in the ‘Catalogue of Life’ on the ICUN Red List. These species include those listed previously, however in place of U. phantasticus, which is recognized, is Pareodura gracilis. This study also found specimens that have the potential to be new species, although further study and description of said organisms is required. The conclusion of this research is largely that more work needs to be done in obtaining basic information about herpetofauna in Marojejy National Park. Their habitat preferences need to be studied in conjunction with the species to better understand the community as a whole
Counting Crabs: Assessment of Mangrove Crab Diversity and Density Among Three Sites in Ushongo, Tanzania
Get PDFThis study assessed the density and diversity of crabs across three mangrove forest zones in Ushongo, Tanzania. The aim was to understand variance in the composition and distribution of mangrove crabs in relation to mangrove tree composition gradients in the area. Sites were measured using a 200m line transect and 40-plot method. Data was also collected from a sand beach habitat to compare to the diversity and distribution of mangrove habitats. Diversity was analyzed using Simpson’s Index of Diversity and an ANOVA test on the average number of species found per plot in each site. Density was analyzed using an ANOVA test on the number of crab individuals recorded per plot in each site. Site 1 was located on the Ushongo Rive estuary, and had the highest diversity in composition of crabs and mangrove trees. Site 2 was a homogenous stand located near Ushongo Mtoni, which had the highest abundance of crab species which indicated specialization. Site 3 was located near Ushongo Mabaoni and had the lowest diversity and highest amount of human disturbance. Overall, the study found that there was significant variance in crab composition and distribution between the three mangrove sites, which indicates correlation between crab and mangrove tree gradients. Crab studies such as this one, can be used to assess mangrove forest composition and health. Furthermore, comparison to the Sand Beach Site indicated the uniquely important biodiversity that mangrove forests support, which should continue to be monitored conserved. This information is important for use in future ISP studies and for village leaders and conservation organizations to access for future mangrove conservation plans in the area
Pololeo y Protección: Las barreras de acceso a métodos anticonceptivos para adolescentes vulnerables en la comuna de Macul, Santiago de Chile / Pololeo y Protección: Barriers to access contraceptive methods for vulnerable adolescents in the district of Macul, Santiago de Chile
No full textEl embarazo adolescente sigue siendo un problema de salud pública al nivel nacional en Chile. Aunque por ley, todos tienen el derecho a una educación sexual y a elegir un método de control de fecundidad, todavía existen casos de embarazos no planificados, particularmente entre adolescentes. Este estudio investigó las barreras que limitan el acceso a métodos anticonceptivos para adolescentes, enfocando primariamente en el sistema público en la Región Metropolitana. Específicamente, la investigación consideró las adolescentes de la comuna de Macul, utilizando muestras de un colegio local y dos centros de salud familiar para hacer conclusiones. La investigadora entrevistó a matronas en dos CESFAM y a funcionarios del colegio. También se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de mujeres adolescentes, alumnas del colegio para recolectar información sobre el perfil sociodemográfico de las alumnas y las barreras que se enfrentan. La investigación concluyó que aunque las alumnas de este liceo usan anticonceptivos con bastante frecuencia, todavía existen barreras para solicitar estos métodos. Las barreras más importante fueron una falta de conocimiento del sistema de salud, sentimientos de vergüenza al pedir los anticonceptivos, el horario limitado del centro de atención, y un rechazo del centro de salud por prejuicio o por falta de inscripción correcta en el lugar. Palabras claves: Salud pública, educación de salud, obstetricia y ginecología, embarazo adolescente, anticoncepción
Teenage pregnancy continues to be a public health problem at the national level in Chile. Although by law, every person has the right to a sexual education and to select a method by which to control fertility, still there exist cases of unplanned pregnancies, especially among adolescents. This study investigated the barriers that limit adolescents’ access to contraceptive methods, focusing primarily on the public system in the Metropolitan Region. Specifically, the investigation considered adolescents from the community of Macul, utilizing samples from a local high school and two primary healthcare centers in order to draw conclusions. The investigator interviewed obstetric nurse midwives in two primary healthcare centers as well as employees of the high school of interest. A survey was also applied in a sample of female students in the high school in order to collect information regarding the profile of the students and the barriers they face. The investigation concluded that although the students of this high school frequently use contraceptive methods, there still exist barriers to soliciting these methods. The most inhibitive barriers were a lack of understanding of the healthcare system, feelings of shame or embarassment in asking for contraceptives, the limited schedule of the healthcare center, and a rejection from the healthcare center due to prejudice or a lack of correct registration in the center
ASEAN and the South China Sea: Approaches to Resolving the Conflict
Get PDFIn recent years, tensions have escalated between actors in the South China Sea, one of which is the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the region’s primary intergovernmental organization. The purpose of this report is to determine the effectiveness of ASEAN in resolving the South China Sea disputes and to clarify how geopolitical factors have impacted the organization’s actions. Through an analysis of evolving maritime claims and the current state of affairs, this paper suggests that ASEAN must be involved in any attempt to resolve the conflict peacefully. Acknowledging the importance of the diplomatic channels that ASEAN has created to ease tensions, this paper argues that a US-Japan security alliance can help ASEAN foster a long-term, peaceful solution for the historical disputes
Essential Newborn Care during Humanitarian Crises: Integration of Low-Cost Interventions
Get PDFNewborn healthcare has long been neglected on the international agenda despite neonatal death making up 44% of all under-five deaths. Neonates are newborns under 28 days of age and are the most vulnerable population with the highest risk of mortality during humanitarian emergencies. The common misconception that neonatal healthcare is very expensive and requires delivery from highly skilled healthcare professionals must be dismissed. There are many low-cost interventions that are highly effective at saving lives, the most notable ones being kangaroo mother care, bag and mask resuscitation, and basic immunizations. The leading causes of neonatal death are prematurity, intrapartum complications, and infections including sepsis. Despite the extensive and high-quality manuals available from accredited international humanitarian health organizations, many challenges remain in the implementation of these guidelines by healthcare workers on the field. The most commonly cited problems include lack of funding and poor human resources. In order to achieve SDG goals of reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality rates, the global community must work together to scale-up neonatal interventions addressing small and ill newborns as well as improve training of healthcare workers concerning newborn care
HIV Harm Reduction Methods: A Comparison Between Switzerland and the United States
Get PDFThis paper explores the connections between harm reduction methods and the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Switzerland and the United States of America, focusing primarily on the harm reduction methods of needle exchange programs, safe drug consumption spaces, and sex education. While these two countries are largely similar in their culture and geopolitical approaches, there are some key differences in how HIV is approached in each. Switzerland’s somewhat unique approach with relaxed drug policies and more pragmatic, harm reduction based response to the AIDS epidemic sets a model framework for other countries to follow, with comparatively widespread use of needle exchange programs and safe injection facilities. While the United States subscribes to certain aspects of this harm reduction framework, the “War on Drugs” response to the AIDS epidemic led to further ostracization of vulnerable populations that has left lasting impacts, including higher HIV prevalence rates. In addition to the puritanical response to drug use, the United States maintains a somewhat puritanical view of sex which impacts the comprehensiveness of sex education programs in certain areas, which also impacts the prevalence of HIV. When compared with the Swiss approach to both people who inject drugs and sex education, the US is lacking
Anti-Japanese Sentiment among Graduates of South Korean Public Schools
Get PDFThis capstone paper aims to explore how South Koreans, who have graduated public high school within the past seven years (from 2010 to 2017) view Japan and Japanese people, and what (if at all) information concerning Japan and Japanese people was established and received during their presence in the public school system. Through a brief analysis into the history and intricate relationship between Korea and Japan, introduction into hidden curriculum and its significance in this context, as well as ten personal interviews with South Korean graduates who fit the criteria for this research, this capstone paper offers a distinctive insight into how South Koreans think about Japan and Japanese people as well as how the public education system may have contributed to their thinking
Betanzos: enfrentando el cambio climático \ Betanzos: Confronting Climate Change
No full textComo para la gran mayoría de la gente de las naciones de un nivel alto de desarrollo de la economía, los efectos del cambio climático no tienen un impacto significativo en mi vida diaria. El grado de separación de las consecuencias de mi consumo me permite quedarme en la ignorancia, pero la gente de la municipalidad agrícola de Betanzos no tiene el mismo privilegio; el cambio climático es una amenaza a su medio de vida. Este documental investiga la realidad actual de Betanzos y cómo los actores desde el nivel comunitario hasta el gobierno nacional intentan enfrentar y adaptarse a este desafío ambiental. A través de entrevistas con campesinos, ingenieros, líderes de comunidades y oficiales públicos, este documental presenta una variedad de voces para mostrar las preocupaciones, el crecimiento y la visión que han generado como respuesta de este desastre hecho por humanos. Las palabras dichas muestran la inteligencia, el pragmatismo y la resiliencia de los bolivianos en el proceso de arreglar la parte externa de la economía industrializada global.
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Like the vast majority of people in nations with a high level of economic development, the effects of climate change do not have a major impact upon my daily life. That degree of separation from the consequences of my consumption allows me to remain ignorant and wasteful, but people in the agriculturally-focused municipality of Betanzos are not afforded that same privilege; climate change threatens their very livelihood. This documentary investigates the current reality in Betanzos, and how actors from the community level up to the national government are seeking to confront and adapt to this environmental challenge. Via interviews with farmers, engineers, community leaders, and elected officials, this documentary presents a broad cross section of voices to display the concerns, beliefs, and visions that have arisen in response to this man-made disaster. The words spoken throughout display the intelligence, pragmatism, and resilience of Bolivians in the process of dealing with the externalities of the global industrialized economy
Monitoring Anuran Populations in Bosque Protector Candelaria: A multi-year comparison of frog populations in an Ecuadorian cloud forest
Get PDFFor many years, amphibian populations around the world have been declining due to climate change, habitat loss or change, and diseases such as Ranavirus or the Chytrid fungus. However, there is still a great lack of information regarding the diversity of frogs, especially in the cloud forests of Ecuador where this study was conducted. This study was conducted in April and May of 2017 in the Ecominga Reserve of Cerro Candelaria in El Placer, Ecuador. The objective was to conduct visual-encounter surveys of several sites in the reserve and compare the results to studies that have been conducted in the reserve every spring since 2014 and the fall of 2016. 248 individuals of 20 species were encountered, including two species which were only encountered through auditory data and one that may represent an undescribed species. This is the same number of individuals observed as in the previous study, however this study added two sites of marshland that were areas of high frog density (115 of the 248 individuals were observed in these sites) and suggests that frogs may be more abundant during the dry season, but would need more data collected during the dry season to support this hypothesis. Data were also collected regarding the type of substrate and height at which each frogs were found, in order to determine a preference overall and within species, as well as to compare with similar results obtained in the fall of 2016. Along with the previous study, this study found that frogs were most commonly encountered on leaves, particularly leaves of shrubs and generally at a height of 0-30cm but suggests that more studies be done to better understand the population of anurans in BPCC.
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Por muchos años, poblaciones de anfibios en todas partes del mundo han sido disminuyendo debido al cambio climático, perdida o cambia de hábitat, y enfermedades como Ranavirus o el hongo Chytrid. Sin embargo, todavía falta mucha información de la diversidad de ranas, especialmente en los bosques nublados de Ecuador, donde este estudio fue hecho. Este estudio fue hecho en abril y mayo de 2017 en la Reserva Cerro Candelaria de Ecominga en El Placer, Ecuador. El objetivo fue llevar a cabo un censo de visualización en varios sitios en la reserva y comparar los resultados con estudios hecho en la reserva cada primavera desde 2014 y en el otoño de 2016. Este estudio encontró 248 individuos de 20 especies, incluyendo dos especies los cuales solo fueron encontrado con datos auditivos y otra especie que quizás representa una especie nueva. Este número de individuos es lo mismo que en el estudio anterior, sin embargo este estudio añadió dos sitios de pantano con una densidad alta de ranas (115 de los 248 individuos fueron observado en estos sitios) y sugiere que las ranas pueden ser más abundantes durante la estación seca pero más datas son necesarios de la estación seca para apoyar este hipótesis. También datos fueron colectados en relación con el tipo de sustrato y altura en que cada rana fue encontrado para determinar una preferencia de todos y dentro de una especie y para comparar con resultados similares del estudio del otoño de 2016. Junto con el estudio anterior, este estudio encontró que las ranas fueron encontrados más frecuentemente en hojas, particularmente hojas de arbustos y en una altura 0-30cm pero sugiere que más estudios son realizados en BPCC para entender mejor la población de anuras allí