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Quem Ama Não Mata: Brazilian Feminicide and Odara’s Black Feminist Luta
No full textThis Community Development Project paper discusses my work with Odara, a black feminist organization within Salvador, Brazil. There, I spent one month studying different forms of gender-based violence, with a particular focus on feminicide. I also examined state response such as Lei Maria da Penha and Lei do Feminicídio, and how this legislation impacted violence from a qualitative perspective.
My studies are centered around news articles I read on various forms of violence within Bahia, which were then developed into a database that catalogues each incident based on a variety of categories. Additionally, I read a large assortment of books to establish an academic background in black feminist theory and historical violence against women to contextualize my work. I have also included reflections on two interviews of women that have suffered partnerbased violence.
A large portion of my paper contains self-reflections of not just my work within Odara, but living within Salvador as a foreigner from the United States. I assess my privileges within the context of my work and daily life, and how these have shaped and informed my worldviews. Finally, I look towards the future, and how as a man, I can inform and work with other men to end the cycles of violence that have affected our women for far too long
Hydrology and macroinvertebrates as biological indicators- an integrated study of the Río Zamora Watershed, Loja, Ecuador
Get PDFWater quality and access is under grave threat in Ecuador, yet remains poorly studied. Macroinvertebrates were used as biological indicators to study water quality around Reserva Natural Madrigal del Podocarpus, Loja Province, Ecuador. Data on macroinvertebrates was combined with hydrologic measurements of stream functions. Macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted from 6 sites within the Upper Río Zamora watershed. Geologic outcrops were observed along several roadcuts and stream banks. Hydrologic data was collected by measuring discharge, elevation change, and finding the highest permanent spring. The EPT index (number of EPT individuals and percentage of EPT individuals) and the BMWP/Colombia Index for macroinvertebrates were used to compare water quality between sites. Of the 20 sites sampled, 7 had the highest water quality ratings in all 3 indices, while 5 more had the highest quality ratings in the BMWP/Colombia index and number of EPTs. The percentage of EPT taxa was the index least correlated with the number of EPT individuals (2 tail p=0.60, r 2 =0.02) and BMWP/Colombia index (2 tail p=0.55, r 2 =0.02). Only 2 sites showed measurable evidence of contamination. For hydrology, outcrops showed two primary layers- one of gray shale, and one of weathered orange-tan sandstone. The highest permanent spring in the Río Zamora watershed is at a low 2338 m, but is safe from pollution given its location within the reserve. Outcrops show tilting around the time of Northern Andes formation (~15 million years ago) and erosion around the last glacial maximum (~10,000 years ago). Despite geologic stresses, the stratigraphic column indicates that the stream resists erosion in its current location.
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La calidad y el acceso de agua está amenazado en Ecuador, pero siguiendo mal estudiado. Los macroinvertebrados sirvieron como indicadores biológicos para estudiar la calidad de agua alrededor del Reserva Natural Madrigal del Podocarpus, Provincia Loja, Ecuador. Los datos sobre macroinvertebrados se juntaron con medidas hidrológicas de los funciones de los quebradas. Las muestras de macroinvertebrados se registraron sin sacrificarlos de 6 sitios dentro del Cuenca Superior del Río Zamora. Afloramientos geológicos se observaron al lado de cortes de carretera y en orillas de los quebradas. Los datos hidrológicos se recolectaron por midiendo emisiones, cambio de altura, y buscando el manantial permanente más alto de quebrada. El índice EPT (número de individuos de EPT y el porcentaje de individuales de EPT) y el índice BMWP/Colombia para macroinvertebrados se usaron para comparar la calidad de agua entre los sitios. De los 20 sitios registrados, 7 tenía las clasificaciones calidad de agua más alta para todos los 3 índices, mientras 5 más sitios tenían las clasificaciones más alta del índice BMWP/Colombia y número de individuos de EPT. El porcentaje de taxa de EPT era el índice menos correlacionado con el número de individuos de EPT (2 cola p=0.60, r 2 =0.02) y el índice BMWP/Colombia (2 cola p=0.55, r 2 =0.02). Sólo 2 sitios mostraron indicios medibles de contaminación. Para la hidrología, los afloramientos mostraron dos estratos primarios-- un estrato de pizarra gris, y un otro estrato de arenisca color marrón claro anaranjado. El manantial permanente y más alto de Cuenca Río Zamora está en una altura relativamente bajo (2338 m), pero está libre de polución porque está dentro de la reserva. Los afloramientos también mostraron cambios geológicos de gran escala aproximadamente durante la formación de los Andes Norteño (hace ~15 millones de años) y también cerca del último máximo glacial (hace ~ 10.000 años). A pesar de tensiones geológicos, la columna estratigráfica muestra que los quebradas se resisten erosión en sus locaciones actual
When Knowledge Flows: A Case Study of Village Health Workers’ Motivations in Jamkhed
Get PDFAcross the field of global health, there have been many attempts to cater to the health needs of the most marginalized populations. Community health workers (CHWs) are individuals that live in the communities they serve and are typically low-‐income women with little to no formal education. After a period of training by their program, they enter their communities equipped as a bridge between the community and the health system. Although CHWs do play a substantial role in health delivery and education, the structure of CHW programs varies widely, but a common characteristic of these programs is that the CHWs are usually unpaid. So, why do they do it? The implications of CHWs’ motivations are critical, as they may predict the sustainability and effectiveness of the health programs they serve. This qualitative case study explores one successful CHW program in an attempt to understand what motivates Village Health Workers (VHWs), and how that contributes to the success of CRHP’s model of community-‐based health and development
Czech Artivism: The Function of Activist Art in Czech Political Culture
Get PDFThis research endeavors to explore the ways in which activist art functions within the context of the Czech Republic’s political culture. In a society where art had such a significant influence during the transition to democracy, the activist role of art is emphasized minimally in terms of contemporary culture. The main objective of exploring this function results in a threetiered methodology, utilizing secondary sources, direct observation, and interviews with activist artists themselves. The relevant scholarly literature discusses activist art both in the general sense, as well as within the context of post-communist countries. However, individual interviews with local activist artists work were necessary to narrow the scope, focusing specifically on the Czech Republic. Several themes emerge from this data; the results explore the significance of terminology, the quantification of success, the influence of the media, the resulting discussions, the public portrayal of activist artists, and the uniqueness of the Czech context. Through the analysis of these particular examples, activist art formulates a uniquely influential aspect of Czech culture. Ultimately, the research finds that these activist artists, though they differ slightly, are linked through a fundamentally unified essence of Czech activist art
Language, Race, and Integration: A Comparative Exploration of the Sub-Saharan Migrant Experience in Morocco
Get PDFThis paper uses a qualitative approach to explain the divide between local and migrant populations in the Moroccan context. This divide is primarily influenced by “feelings of otherness” and is triggered first and foremost by differences in physical appearance—easily identifiable differences upon first impression. Though inspired by a nearly instantaneous arrangement, this divide is fueled further by an inconsistency of language usage between groups. Because there is a wide variety of migrant experiences in this context, it is important to identify some of the differences between these lived experiences. Upon observation, the question, “What are the fundamental differences between migrants’ lived experiences?” can help answer “What mechanisms are facilitating the divide between sub-Saharan migrants and local Moroccans?
Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Genocide Ex-Prisoners: Understanding the Correctional Role of Prisons in Rwanda
Get PDFAfter the Genocide Against the Tutsi in 1994, over 120,000 people were imprisoned in Rwanda for the perpetration of genocide. Twenty-three years after the Genocide, numerous genocide ex-prisoners have been released. Throughout their prison time and after their release, rehabilitation and reintegration programming has been available. This paper looks at the rehabilitation and reintegration programming available to genocide ex-prisoners, the success and challenges they currently face or have previously faced, and recommendations for reforms for the future prison/rehabilitation/reintegration process. This paper also examines the correctional role of prisons in Rwanda and how that contributes to successful reintegration. From interviewing genocide ex-prisoners, the Rwanda Correctional Service (RCS), and several organizations that work directly with genocide ex-prisoners, it is evident that there is rehabilitation and reintegration programming both inside and outside of prison focusing on but not limited to education, unity and reconciliation, forgiveness, and healing. There are also various successes and challenges that genocide ex-prisoners face, for example, intermarriage, storytelling, forgiveness, shame, guilt, and acceptance. In conclusion, Rwanda’s genocide ex-prisoners have not recidivated, which conveys the message that the systems that are currently in place have assisted tremendously in successful reintegration. Although the challenges of genocide ex-prisoners presently outweigh the successes, there are favorable conditions available, proper programs in place, and recommendations being developed to make reintegration even more successful
UNA INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE LA PREVALENCIA DE LA LACTANCIA MATERNA / 62/5000 AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PREVALENCE OF BREASTFEEDING
No full textEl propósito de la investigación es estudiar la realidad de las prácticas y la prevalencia de la lactancia materna en Chile, y cómo las características demográficas distintas de las mujeres influyen en la alimentación de sus bebés. La lactancia materna es crucial para el crecimiento y desarrollo saludable de un bebé, y también tiene beneficios para la salud de la madre. Sin embargo, las madres a menudo no siguen las pautas de la Organización Mundial de Salud y UNICEF. Los métodos de recolección de datos son una revisión de una Encuesta del Ministerio de Salud de 2013 de 9604 madres en conjunto con entrevistas con profesionales de la salud y madres. Los resultados indican que las madres adolescentes, de ingresos bajos, quienes trabajan y las madres por primera vez amamantan menos que otras debidos a desafíos como limitaciones de tiempo, desinformación y conocimiento de la mecánica. Las recomendaciones incluyen la necesidad de una ampliación en los bancos de leche materna, grupos de apoyo para madres lactantes en cada centro de salud y la sensibilización pública sobre los beneficios de la lactancia materna.
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The purpose of this investigation is to study the reality of the practices and prevalence of breastfeeding in Chile, and how different demographics of women choose to feed their infants. Breastfeeding is crucial to the healthy growth and development of an infant and also has health benefits for the mother, however, mothers often do not follow the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization and UNICEF. The methods of data collection are a review of a 2013 Chilean Ministry of Health Survey of 9604 mothers in conjunction with interviews with health professionals and mothers. Results indicate that adolescent, low income, first time and working mothers breastfeed less than other mothers due to challenges such as time constraints, misinformation and knowledge of mechanics. Recommendations include a need for a scale up in maternal milk banks, support groups for lactating mothers in health centers and raising public awareness about the benefits of breastfeeding
Pasantía a la Oficina Comunal de Migrantes de la Municipalidad de Valparaíso / Internship to the Communal Office of Migrants of the Municipality of Valparaíso
No full textThis report evaluates my own experience over five weeks as an intern at the Communal Office of Migrants in Valparaíso, Chile. This office, along with the Communal Office of Women and the Communal Office of Sexual Diversity, was founded in June 2016 by Mayor Jorge Sharp as a part of the initiative to better represent the citizens of the Valparaíso región. Within the last ten years Chile has had a massive boom of immigration that has come as a shock to many Chileans. Due to a lack of cultural understanding about immigration and an immigration law that dates back to the Pinochet Dictatorship, systematic xenophobia and discrimination oppress the migrants of Valparaíso. This brings us to the Communal Office of Migrants whose unofficial mission statement is to promote the human rights of migrants and immigration regularity, and to support the associativity and democratic participation of the migrant community in the región of Valparaíso.
During my internship at the Communal Office of Migrants I chose to focus my attention while completing the tasks given to me on understanding the role of government actors in the fight for the human rights of migrants. This report concludes that the regional versus national politics of Chile play a heavy role in how a government agency that works with immigration functions. My tasks consisted of work within the office, such as data compilation, and attending events outside the office, such as migrant discussion tables. Throughout this essay I will explain these tasks further in detail as well as evaluate how they had an affect on my personal and academic development. I will also examine how my tasks as well as my observations during the internship related back to the topics we covered in our SIT courses. The intent of this report is to provide a short summary of an internship with a government agency that provided experiential learning to reinforce the themes of this SIT program
Shrimp Aquaculture in Aguadulce: Impacts on mangrove forest health and shrimp larvae populations in two sites on the Salado coastline
Get PDFShrimp aquaculture is an important industry in Republic of Panama, providing jobs and infrastructure, while supplying the country with seafood and export income. Aquaculture is accompanied by many negative impacts on mangrove ecosystems, and subsequently offshore marine stocks. The abundance and diversity of gastropods and shrimp were sampled in the Salado coastline of Aguadulce, Panama to evaluate the impacts of aquaculture disturbance on mangrove forests. Gastropods were sampled at 3 sites on 9, 100m transects in a “pristine” and disturbed forest. Shrimp were sampled using a push net in 24 sites in tide pools and abandoned shrimp ponds of the two areas. The “pristine” location recorded a higher biodiversity, and a significantly higher abundance of gastropods than the disturbed site. Gastropods of the Potamidae family dominated the disturbed site, while the “pristine” site harbored significant populations of the Littorinidae, Potamidae and Neritina families. Significantly more shrimp were found in the “pristine” site, and only a few individuals were documented in the disturbed site. The disturbance caused by shrimp aquaculture affects the composition and habitat complexity of mangrove ecosystems. The findings of this study illustrate the drastic impacts of aquaculture on mangrove ecosystems and marine faunal populations
Shaped by Changing Space: Exploring Gender and the Discourse of Empowerment in Sikles, Nepal
Get PDFDevelopment work as it relates to women in Nepal is an ongoing topic of debate and discussion that may never have a concrete end. In the late 1970’s Indian women took a stand in defending their livelihood against commercial logging operations with authorities. This event was known as the Chipko movement and is often cited within the history of women and development as it caused people to “engage the question of gender and gendered livelihoods in the Himalayas” (Gurarani and Berry, 2015). It was women who served as the backbone of this movement in organizing nonviolent demonstrations against commercial deforestation. This movement also illuminated the unique burden women faced in the context of environmental degradation. Since then, many academic works and development projects have sought to analyze, “a politics of gendered exclusion that has resulted from the overlay of development discourses on state-led resource management endeavors” (Gurarani et al., 2015). In Nepal, specifically, projects devoted to women’s empowerment are prevalent and have emerged with their own set of discourse. There remains debate as to whether or not this often participatory approach is effective in achieving its intended goals