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Addressing Extreme Vulnerability: Remaining Barriers to Neonatal Healthcare Delivery in Conflict Areas
Get PDFGlobal statistics show that world-wide neonatal mortality rates are not yet within the target range set by Sustainable Development Goals and reflect persistent violations of the fundamental right to health for newborns around the world. While there is a wide base of knowledge on the main causes of death and minimum standards of care for neonatal health in stable and low-resource settings, there is a significant gap in knowledge regarding the unique circumstances of neonatal healthcare situated in conflict settings. The main objectives of this research are to elaborate on the current state of neonatal healthcare in conflict areas and elucidate remaining barriers that prevent successful newborn health outcomes in these settings. This research found that although various healthcare models have been successful in conflict settings, wide-spread gaps in services and technologies remain. Overall, while remaining barriers were found to vary by context, both direct and indirect challenges to the successful delivery of neonatal healthcare in conflict settings were found including the depletion of human resources, collapse of referral system, legal restrictions on care provision, lack of health information, scarcity of funding, market dynamics, and cultural/perspective differences. Each barrier must be addressed through the framework of “strategic governance” in order for the international community to better protect the right to health for newborns in conflict areas
Interacting with the Trail: A Comprehensive Approach to Developing an Environmental Education Program for Agnolakely Private Nature Reserve
Get PDFMadagascar is a diverse island, biologically and geographically. This has led to the development of endemic species and high biodiversity within the landscape. Unfortunately, due to poverty, extraction of natural resources, and a growing population, these species have become threatened. Agnolakely, is a private nature reserve, located in eastern Madagascar that is trying to combat these challenges through reforestation projects and land protection. Agnolakely is not only of ecological value, but is also integral in the community structure. As Agnolakely expands it has become essential to implement education and outreach for the reserve. This study was designed to collect biological and social information about Agnolakely and the surrounding area to inform educational and published materials. The development of the educational materials for primary school aged children were based on research supporting experiential learning and links between the environment and the community. Trail activities, pre- and post- lessons for primary schools, a field guide, and a brochure were created using the information from this study
LA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DEL MURAL PORTEÑO / THE MARKETING OF THE PORTEUR MURAL
No full textValparaíso is home to a visually stimulating urban landscape which has become one of the identifying factors of the famous port city. The flamboyant cityscape and stunning murals that splash color across the once-empty walls of Valpo attract tourists from all over the world to come and admire the rich hub of bohemian culture. However, it hasn’t always been the vibrant city that it is nowadays. What many porteños, or lifelong citizens of Valparaíso, cite as the city’s authentic identifying characteristic is its history as a major port city. However, after the construction of the Panama Canal, Valpo experienced a major economic and identity crisis, having lost its significance in the global trade industry.
In 2003, UNESCO declared Valparaíso a world heritage site, which catalyzed a city-wide reimagination and beautification of the urban landscape in order to stimulate the subsequent growth in the tourism industry. Part of this process involved the artistification of the city, covering up and renovating the dilapidated buildings in the center plan. In order to accommodate the needs and assumed desires of the influx of tourists, real estate investors installed new businesses, such as lofts, hostels, cafes, bars, restaurants, and artisanal shops. This intense process of gentrification in sectors such as Cerro Alegre, Cerro Concepción, and Barrio Puerto consequently raised the average cost of living in once-residential communities. This caused systemic displacement of permanent residents of Valparaíso, who were expelled into the hills farther away from the urban center, where there access to necessary resources is far scarcer.
Although the original nature of the mural is to represent the collective identity of a community, in the context of Valparaíso, one can see that murals may actually be a driving force in the process of gentrification, as they are arguably the most attractive element which draws in tourists. This research paper will discuss the complex, and sometimes contradictory, relationship between muralism and gentrification in the context of Valparaíso. The data and relevant findings are based primarily on interviews with three Valpo-based muralists and a longtime resident and academic at the Parque Cultural of Valparaíso, and is contextualized through bibliographic research and participant observation.
This paper finds that gentrification and muralism are closely linked phenomena that actually support one another to form a self-sustaining cycle which negatively impacts native residents. The aesthetically pleasing murals that frequent main urban centers attract investment in tourist-oriented businesses, which thus constructs a seemingly authentic, yet actually scenographic, space for tourists. This stimulates more foot traffic and visibility of the murals, which entices more muralists to continue creating colorful works where there is wall space, thus continuing the cycle of touristification of residential spaces. This paper highlights how the neoliberal socioeconomic model has commercialized the mural and transformed it into a capitalist tool for gentrification. Finally, the paper highlights community-spearheaded efforts to reclaim the mural as a collective representation of community development in residential spaces.
Further study is needed to continue investigating how local artists use other forms of street art, such as cartelismo or graffiti (tags and political statements scrawled in public spaces), as a means of visual community representation against forces of oppression
Preserving Identity Through Discourse in a Changing Ladakh
Get PDFSituated in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, Ladakh is a vast high altitude desert. It\u27s looming mountains, rocky vistas, crystalline lakes, and unique indigenous culture makes Ladakh not only a favorite destination for adventurers, thrill seekers, and camera toters of all types, but also marks it as one of the most ecologically fragile areas in the world. However, Ladakh has only been open for tourism since 1974. Prior to then, the region was fairly isolated, open to travellers only a few months of the year, when the high, icy passes melted enough to let trade through. In the time since then, tourism has increased from less than a thousand people, mostly foreigners, to nearly 250,000 people, primarily domestic tourists, arriving in 2017. Tourism, interconnectivity, and development have had immense consequences for Ladakh’s environment and society. Prior to 1974, Ladakh was almost completely self-sufficient; now, tourism is replacing agriculture as the main component of Ladakh’s GDP. Additionally, effects of global climate change threaten the region’s livelihood and water supply.
In this ISP, I explore identity and resilience in the face of change from the perspective of Ladakhis and tourists. How does tourism and interconnectivity affect the environment and the culture, and what kinds of narratives do Ladakhis create about these changes? How do the ideas of “tradition” and “ecology” intersect with Ladakhi identity, and how are they mobilized as antithetical to change? How do tourist relate to Ladakh, and how does this relationship affect Ladakhis? Through twenty-five interviews and the lens of discourse analysis and environmental anthropology, I show that, despite change, Ladakhi identity persists
Takataka Talk: Waste Presence and Management in Ushongo
Get PDFIncreasingly high levels of waste are being generated each year, resulting in millions of tonnes of plastic and other debris ending up in marine and coastal environments. The impacts of the debris on these environments are wide ranging, affecting both environmental health and human wellbeing. Still though, there is a lack of information concerning the presence and effect of garbage in many coastal and marine ecosystems around the globe. This project studied the presence and management of coastal waste along a small portion of the coast of Tanzania, near the village of Ushongo. General distribution, level, and type of garbage along the beach were studied, as well as the impact of different types of human activity along the shore (resort, village, and uninhabited beach) and the level of seaweed. Interviews were also conducted to understand the thoughts, opinions, and concerns of different people residing and working in the Ushongo area. Overall, the study found that human activity type has little influence on garbage and seaweed levels, while seaweed levels have high influence on garbage. Additionally, plastics were found to have elevated levels, and awareness and concern of beach litter was high among members of the village
Conservation Coverage: An assessment of the protection of highly threatened species of birds and mammals in Tanzania
Get PDF43 species of birds and mammals are either critically endangered or endangered within Tanzania. Compromised to halt the rapid loss of biodiversity, the Tanzanian government, several non-governmental organizations, government agencies and zoological institutions are attempting to preserve these highly-threatened species. This project assesses the current state of conservation for those species by: 1) diagnosing their captive populations in Tanzania, through visits to zoological institutions in the country and in a global scale by using ZIMS, a global database for zoos and aquariums. 2) determining the protected areas in which the species are found by overlapping distribution maps with protected areas found in the country and interviewing wildlife experts and 3) determines which species are protected by NGO’s or government agencies, done by conducting interviews with key informants of six conservation organizations/agencies in Tanzania. In addition, the project identifies prioritization aspects considered by organization when developing conservation strategies and the challenges faced by the organizations when implementing such strategies. Finally, a ranking of the species is created, listing the highly-threatened species from the ones which are less protected to those which are the most protected.
It was found that 75% of the species were protected by at least one conservation method, but only 28% were protected by the three studied strategies. 11 highly threatened species are not protected by any scheme, most of which are “less iconic” species, like shrews, bats or dull-coloured passerines
The Cape Town Free Walking Tours: Whose History Is It Anyway? The shaping of place and space in a tourist city
Get PDFThis research focuses on the Cape Town Free Walking Tours and investigates the importance of the role that tour guides play in mediating space and heritage. Drawing upon literature surrounding tourism, the tourist city, as well as memory and heritage, this study uses a mixed methods approach, both surveying tour participants as well as interviewing tour guides and managers of the Cape Town Free Walking Tours. In addition, this research also draws from my own experience participating in walking tours and making notes through participant observation. This research shows that tourism spaces are created, curated and maintained through a performance of identities that serves to validate the tourist identity. It shows that it is a complex process of identity creation in relation to the search for authenticity. It also details the important role of the tour guide in mediating heritage and space as well as serving as an ambassador for their host society. Therefore, tour guides themselves are very important in the creation of space and place and can influence the type of tourist city that tourists are exposed to. This research has implications for further understanding the role of tourism in shaping a tourist city as well as the position of the tour guide in shaping the tourist city
When Packaged Food Pollutes our Body and Earth: Plastic Packaged Food Consumption and Waste Disposal Practices in the Himalayas
Get PDFThe purpose of our field study project is to examine current waste disposal practices and food preferences in rural Himalayan agricultural communities and to communicate the results, as well as our own outside research, to the villagers in Sikkim. We hope to promote safe disposal practices of packaged plastic, to offer responsible alternatives to packaged waste disposal, and to encourage the consumption of organic, homegrown food for all ages to benefit both human and environmental well-being
“Yo Agradezco Por No Sentirme Solo”: La Iglesia Evangélica En El Espacio Transnacional / I Thank You for Not Feeling Alone : The Evangelical Church in the Transnational Space
No full textDel 86% de argentinos que fueron criados en una familia católica, el 15% ahora no se autodenomina católico. Este trabajo se enfoca en dos flujos demográficos en la Argentina. Uno es la diversificación del campo religioso, en particular la influencia creciente con respecto a la iglesia cristiana evangélica. El segundo flujo es la inmigración, en particular la inmigración de los países limítrofes de la Argentina. Estos dos flujos demográficos están vinculados a los temas globales del desarrollo económico y la difusión acelerada de las ideas y creencias en el siglo XXI. Estas dos tendencias se ven claramente en el distrito federal de Buenos Aires y en el barrio de Palermo, donde llegan muchos migrantes profesionales y estudiantes.
A través del enfoque en la iglesia evangélica y el espacio transnacional, esta fuente investiga las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo se posiciona la iglesia en el espacio transnacional? Y ¿cómo la iglesia evangélica participa en la vida transnacional de la gente? El marco teórico del trabajo viene del transnacionalismo. El transnacionalismo estudia el establecimiento y mantenimiento de las relaciones de un migrante (un transmigrante) y cómo se vinculan sus sociedades de origen y asentamiento. La base de un estudio transnacional es la idea de que un transmigrante participa en el espacio transnacional y el nacional de una manera simultánea. Este informe detalla la historia de la evolución del campo religioso de la Argentina, el contexto migratorio de Buenos Aires, y la metodología cualitativa del trabajo de campo.
La Argentina era un país mayormente católico y no siempre abierto al evangelismo. Pero después de la apertura política a principios del siglo XX, la comunidad cristiana evangélica empezó a crecer. La investigación de este trabajo se realizó con un grupo de gente extranjera en una iglesia evangélica de Buenos Aires. Entre el 30% y el 50% de las personas que participan en esta iglesia se identifican como extranjeros. La iglesia forma parte de la vida transnacional de la gente a través de un proceso de redes institucionales de evangelismo, integración, y crecimiento. El trabajo examina el impacto de una red que existe particularmente para el beneficio de los jóvenes transmigrantes.
A través de este estudio, se demostró que la iglesia evangélica en cuestión se posiciona en el espacio transnacional a través de su orientación de los flujos migratorios. También, la iglesia amplía el capital social de la gente y participa en sus vidas transnacionales. La iglesia ofrece un punto de inserción para los migrantes y abre espacios para que la gente transnacional pueda establecer redes sociales. El informe concluye con las posibles implicaciones de la diversificación religiosa y étnica de la Argentina y mantiene que la participación de la iglesia en las cuestiones políticas y sociales provee un lugar para que los transmigrantes participen en el dialogo público.
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Of the 86% of Argentines who report they were raised in a Catholic family, 15% no longer identify as Catholic. This investigation focuses on the intersection between two demographic shifts in Argentina over the past decades. The first shift is the diversification of religious composition in Argentina and the growing influence of the evangelical Christian church. The second shift involves regional immigration from Argentina’s border countries. These two demographic shifts do not only exist in the Argentine context, however; they are linked to the themes of global economic development and rapid diffusion of ideas and beliefs. These two demographic tendencies can be clearly seen in the capital city of Buenos Aires, particularly in its Palermo neighborhood, which is a destination for foreign-born professionals and students.
Through its focus on the evangelical church and transnational space, this study investigates the following questions: How does the church position itself in transnational space? And how does the evangelical church participate the lives of its transnational members? The theoretical framework comes from the field of transnationalism. This field studies how the establishment and maintenance of migrant (or transmigrant) relationships link the society of origin and the society of settlement, allowing the migrant to exist simultaneously in national and transnational space. This paper details the qualitative methodology of the investigation, the evolution of Argentina’s religious composition, and the migratory context of Buenos Aires.
Argentina was a predominantly Catholic country and not always permissive of evangelical Christianity. However, following a political shift at the start of the 20th century, the evangelical community began to grow. This study’s fieldwork takes place in a group of migrants in an evangelical church in Buenos Aires. Between 30% and 50% of the people who participate in this church identify as migrants. The church participates in the transnational life of its members through established networks of Evangelism, Integration, and Growth. This investigation discusses the impact of one such network, which exists to benefit young migrants.
This study demonstrates that the evangelical church is positioned in transnational space through its orientation of migratory flows. The church amplifies social capital and participates in its transnational members’ migration experience. It offers an insertion point for migrants and offers spaces for them to establish social networks. This study concludes with possible implications of the religious and ethnic diversification of Argentina, maintaining that the participation of the church in political and social questions provides a place for transnational people to participate in public dialogue
Una Perspectiva Socio-legal de La Ley 348: La Ley Para Garantizar a las Mujeres Una Vida Libre de la Violencia / A Socio-legal Perspective of Law 348: The Law to Guarantee Women a Life Free of Violence
Get PDFBolivia es un país con leyes muy progresistas para enfrentar la lucha contra la violencia contra las mujeres, pero en al mismo tiempo Bolivia tiene los más altos niveles de la violencia doméstica en Latinoamérica. Esta investigación va a enfocarse en la ley 348 “para garantizar a las mujeres una vida libre de la violencia”. En este ensayo voy a explorar cómo la ley 348 que fue redactada para proteger a las mujeres del sistema patriarcal, que es un sistema enraizado en el abuso, imposición a la sumisión, e intimidación a la mujer y, “una estructura institucional que impone prácticas y decisiones contrarias a la protección de los derechos de las mujeres”, está operando en el mismo sistema que se ha creado para proteger a la mujer de esa violencia (Montaño, 2016). Esta investigación espera comprender mejor cómo el proceso legal funciona en la práctica al observar tres aspectos importantes: la ley y la estructura legal institucional, la aplicación de la ley, y la accesibilidad a la ley o a la justicia. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación utilicé la teoría escrita al respeto, otras investigaciones, entrevistas, y asistí a dos talleres sobre la ley 348.
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Bolivia is a country with very progressive laws to face the fight against violence against women, but at the same time Bolivia has the highest levels of domestic violence in Latin America. This investigation will focus on Law 348 to guarantee women a life free of violence. In this essay I will explore how the 348 law that was drafted to protect women from the patriarchal system, which is a system rooted in abuse, imposition of submission, and intimidation of women, and an institutional structure that imposes practices and decisions contrary to the protection of women\u27s rights , is operating in the same system that has been created to protect women from that violence (Montaño, 2016). This investigation hopes to better understand how the legal process works in practice by observing three important aspects: the law and the institutional legal structure, the application of the law, and accessibility to the law or to justice. To carry out this research, I used the written theory of respect, other research, interviews, and attended two workshops on Law 348