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Métodos y tratamientos para el control de la epidemia de VIH en Arica en jóvenes / Methods and treatments for the control of the HIV epidemic in Arica in young people
No full textResearch question: What methods of prevention and treatment of HIV are available to adolescents and young adults in Arica, and what problems exist in their access to these resources?
Background: Even though Chile is currently working very hard to combat a national problem with HIV, rates of HIV infection in Chile are the highest in Latin America. This increase in infection is most prevalent in young adults between the ages of 15 and 24. Arica, a city of 200,000 people in northern Chile, has the highest rates of HIV infection in the country, but it is unclear why this is the case. This study seeks to examine the resources available for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV infection for the people of Arica, especially for adolescents. It also assesses general knowledge about the disease in this age group.
Methodology: This study was conducted in the commune of Arica in the region of Arica and Parinacota, Chile, between 30 April and 30 May 2018. This study is qualitative and descriptive with some quantitative aspects. The investigation used data obtained from 73 anonymous surveys given randomly to students at the University of Tarapacá in Arica, Chile. The data obtained from the questionnaires was supplemented with 10 interviews with Chilean professionals with a range of expertise related to the study of HIV.
Results: Generally, Arica is working hard to provide complete and timely services for the prevention, diagnosis, and control of HIV. The resources in Arica, especially for the diagnosis of the disease, are considered the best in Chile, which could explain why the city has the highest notification rates in the country. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the disease among adolescents and young adults that results from the lack of comprehensive and timely sex education, which has led to misconceptions and apathy about the disease and consequently to low condom use as well as general underuse of the available services.
Conclusions: Because the under-utilization of the available services stems from a lack of knowledge about both the disease and the services themselves, more education about HIV and the importance of condoms in the prevention of the disease are needed starting from a young age. Additionally, more campaigns announcing available services, and fairs that deliver condoms and provide HIV testing, need to be implemented to increase ease of access. Finally, there needs to be increased awareness and respect of people of all sexualities to ensure everyone is comfortable accessing the resources available. It will not be easy to make these changes; however, any progress is a step in the right direction.
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Pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué métodos de prevención y tratamiento del VIH están disponibles para los jóvenes en Arica, y qué problemas existen en el acceso a estos recursos?
Antecedentes: Mientras Chile actualmente trabaja arduamente para combatir un problema nacional relacionado con el VIH, las tasas de infección por VIH en Chile son las más altas de América Latina. Este aumento en la infección es más frecuente en adultos jóvenes entre las edades de 15 y 24. Arica, una ciudad de 200,000 personas en el norte de Chile, tiene las tasas más altas de infección por VIH en el país, pero no está claro por qué es este el caso. Este estudio busca examinar los recursos disponibles para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la infección por VIH para la gente de Arica, especialmente para adolescentes. También evalúa el conocimiento general sobre la enfermedad en este grupo de edad.
Metodología: Este estudio se realizó en la comuna de Arica en la región de Arica y Parinacota, Chile, entre el 30 de abril y el 30 de mayo de 2018. Este estudio es cualitativo y descriptivo con algunos aspectos cuantitativos. La investigación utilizó datos obtenidos de 73 encuestas anónimas entregadas al azar a estudiantes de la Universidad de Tarapacá en Arica, Chile. Los datos obtenidos de los cuestionarios se complementaron con 10 entrevistas con profesionales chilenos con una amplia experiencia relacionada con el estudio del VIH.
Resultados: En general, Arica está trabajando arduamente para brindar servicios completos y oportunos para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el control del VIH. Los recursos en Arica, especialmente para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad, se consideran los mejores en Chile, lo que podría explicar por qué la ciudad tiene las tasas de notificación más altas del país. Sin embargo, existe una falta de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad entre adolescentes y adultos jóvenes como resultado de la falta de educación sexual exhaustiva y oportuna, lo que ha llevado a conceptos erróneos y apatía sobre la enfermedad y consecuentemente al bajo uso del condón, así como a la subutilización general de los servicios disponibles.
Conclusiones: Debido a que la infrautilización de los servicios disponibles proviene de la falta de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y los servicios mismos, se necesita más educación sobre el VIH y la importancia de los condones en la prevención de la enfermedad desde una edad temprana. Además, se deben implementar más campañas que anuncien servicios disponibles y ferias que entreguen condones y brinden pruebas de VIH para aumentar la facilidad de acceso. Finalmente, se necesita aumentar la conciencia y el respeto de las personas de todas las sexualidades para garantizar que todos se sientan cómodos accediendo a los recursos disponibles. No será fácil hacer estos cambios, pero cualquier progreso es un paso en la dirección correcta
Paradigmas del desarrollo urbano en Cuenca: abordando los procesos de segregación, marginación y desplazamiento / Paradigms of urban development in Cuenca: addressing the processes of segregation, marginalization and displacement
Get PDFCuenca, tercerca ciudad más grande de Ecuador, ha experimento un crecimiento rápido en los últimos años, que ha influenciado en los paradigmas de desarrollo urbano de forma considerable. Los impactos de la urbanización han cambiado las dinámicas y condiciones de vida de la ciudad y de su gente, creando un ambiente urbano que favorece a los sectores más ricos de la población, y al mismo tiempo relegando y segregando a comunidades con menos recursos; si bien, no son tan extremos como en ciudades más grandes como Quito y Guayaquil. Por otro lado, el reciente fenómeno de migración extranjera, también ha afectado al desarrollo de la ciudad, al presentar modelos de gentrificación y desplazamiento de la población. Esta monografía examinará la situación urbana actual con relación a la marginación y segregación de ciertas comunidades, además de discutir la posibilidad de lograr un modelo urbano más equitativo. Se realizó este proyecto utilizado métodos de primeras manos tales como observaciones y entrevistas, además de bibliografías adicionales.
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Cuenca, the largest city in Ecuador, has experienced rapid growth in recent years, which has influenced the paradigms of urban development considerably. The impacts of urbanization have changed the dynamics and living conditions of the city and its people, creating an urban environment that favors the richest sectors of the population, and at the same time relegating and segregating communities with fewer resources; although, they are not as extreme as in larger cities like Quito and Guayaquil. On the other hand, the recent phenomenon of foreign migration has also affected the development of the city, presenting models of gentrification and displacement of the population. This monograph will examine the current urban situation in relation to the marginalization and segregation of certain communities, in addition to discussing the possibility of achieving a more equitable urban model. This project was carried out using first-hand methods such as observations and interviews, as well as additional bibliographies
El Negocio del Desarrollo Internacional: Las Dinámicas Asimétricas de Poder entre Voluntariados Internacionales y Comunidades Locales / The Business of International Development: The Asymmetric Power Dynamics between International Volunteers and Local Communities
No full textEl estudio de caso de la organización no gubernamental (ONG), Semillas de Aprendizaje ( Seeds of Learning , SoL) demuestra el fenómeno de volunturismo, en que voluntarios principalmente estadounidenses cada uno paga una cuota estándar de 1,550 to SoL for a roughly one-week trip to Nicaragua. There, they participate in building projects, such as classrooms and libraries, to develop educational opportunities for students in rural communities. SoL also creates an itinerary for the volunteers to do tourist activities, the costs of which are included in the fee. After three weeks of interviews and participant observation in the SoL sites in Ciudad Darío and Matagalpa, it has been found that the organization works more like a business, in which the fees from the volunteers and the resources of SoL serve mainly to sell an experience to the volunteers instead of empowering the communities. This finding gives rise to a power map in which the volunteers and the United States office of SoL, which sends them to Nicaragua, exist at the top with the most power and money, followed by the Nicaraguan government, the regional directors at each site of SoL, the employees of Nicaragua, and finally the rural communities at the bottom. Based on this structure in which the power of the American entities is maintained through the system of global capitalism, it can be concluded that this model of voluntourism perpetuates neocolonialism, which reinforces the historical impact of imperialism by the United States in Nicaragua
Las barreras que enfrentan las personas Indígenas con Discapacidades en una Comunidad Rural de Paucartambo, Perú / The barriers what face the people Indigenous people with Disabilities in a Community Rural from Paucartambo, Peru
No full textEn Perú las personas tienen la garantía de recibir protección del Estado en la presencia de una discapacidad. El gobierno solo reconoce las discapacidades que han sido certificadas por un médico oficial. Cuando las personas reciben un certificado de discapacidad, están amparadas por la Ley 29973 para personas con discapacidades. Pero la expectativa no es la realidad para las personas con discapacidades en Perú. Para personas que viven en zonas rurales, por ejemplo poblaciones indígenas, el proceso para recibir un certificado del gobierno no es fácil y ellos enfrentan barreras para certificar sus discapacidades y para recibir sus derechos. Las barreras incluyen barreas institucionales, familiares, culturales, geográficas y económicas. Todavía con un certificado de discapacidad, las instituciones y el gobierno no están cumpliendo con Ley 29973. En esta investigación, voy a investigar la realidad de la discapacidad en comunidades indígenas en una zona rural de Paucartambo. La realidad del proceso para recibir un certificado y la realidad de la ley. No hay otros estudios que investigan este tema y por eso, tengo la intención de mostrar las inequidades y problemas fundamentales en el cuidado y respeto para personas indígenas con discapacidades.
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According to the Peruvian government, people with disabilities are guaranteed to receive protection under the state. The government will recognize a disability only if they receive a certificate of disability from a qualified medical professional. When individuals receive this certificate of disability, they are protected under Law 29973 as a disabled person. Unfortunately, expectation does not meet reality for disabled personas in Peru. For disabled personas who live in rural zones of Peru, for example indigenous communities, the process to receive a certificate of disability is difficult and these individuals face institutional, familial, cultural, geographic, and economic barriers in applying for this certificate. Unfortunately, even with a certificate of disability, institutions and the government are failing to comply with Law 29973. In this investigation I intend to investigate the reality of disability for indigenous communities in the District of Paucartambo. These realities include the process of receiving a certificate as well as the reality of the law. There are no other studies that investigate this theme, and for that reason, I intend to demonstrate the inequities and structural deficiencies in the care and respect for indigenous peoples with disabilities
Cuando la vida era tranquila: Land use and livelihood changes following the construction of the Chan 75 dam in Nance del Risco, Bocas del Toro
Get PDFThe Ngobe are Panama’s most populous indigenous group. While the Ngobe that live in the comarca have land and resource rights, those that live immediately outside of it do not. This issue has been exacerbated by the creation of Palo Seco Forest Reserve which has removed all land rights from the Ngobe living within it. In order to meet its growing demand for energy, Panama is expanding its hydroelectric sector. One such hydroelectric dam built by AES is Chan 75. However, Chan 75 has had a controversial history, especially regarding its treatment of the Ngobe people of the corregimiento Nance del Risco. The purpose of this study was to examine how land use has changed since the construction of the Chan 75 dam and how dam construction has impacted the livelihoods of community members in Nance del Risco. To assess this, vegetation change and forest loss analyses were run using Landsat satellite imagery. Additionally, a case study of the impacts of the dam on the Garcia family, who lived in Valle el Rey and were relocated by AES, was completed through interviews with 9 family members. Interviews were also conducted with community members from 6 other families impacted by the dam. It was found that vegetation near the reservoir and forest across Nance del Risco have decreased since the construction of the Chan 75 dam. Moreover, the dam has decreased the quality of life for the Garcia family, causing issues of transportation, money, and food availability which have in turn caused them to expand their agricultural land use. Similar problems were reported by the other families. Now, as more and more dams are planned and under construction across Panama, it is time to rethink the effects of hydroelectric dams on the communities that they are built in
Surveying Access to Healthcare in Kisumu and Siaya Counties, Kenya
Get PDFThis study aims to understand the barriers that many Kenyans face towards accessing healthcare. This study was conducted in Kisumu and Siaya Counties, Kenya. Kisumu is an urban environment, whereas Siaya is a rural environment. Throughout both counties, areas with presumably low access to healthcare were surveyed. In Kisumu County, surveys were conducted in three informal settlements: Nyalenda, Obunga, and Manyatta. In Siaya County, surveys were conducted in Simenya Village.
This study has shown that financial accessibility is a large barrier to healthcare throughout the study population, as the majority of study participants felt that healthcare in Kenya is not affordable. This is likely due to low health coverage and low enrollment rates into Kenya’s national health insurance plan, National Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF). Geographic barriers are also faced by members of the survey population. Despite the fact that most of the survey participants live within a reasonable distance (under 3km) of a healthcare facility, it can still take them a large amount of time to reach the facility. This is typically because of the indirect and unpaved paths and because travel is especially difficult for those that are old, sick, injured, or carrying children. The geographic barriers are directly linked to the financial barriers, as many people do not have enough money to pay for both the transportation to and from the facility and the care they need. The leading reason that survey participants made their facility choice was due to quality service, which shows that most people do find the healthcare facilities to offer acceptable service, despite other barriers that may exist. This study helped to clarify the barriers Kenyans face towards accessing healthcare and now measures can be taken to ensure that quality healthcare is readily available to all throughout the area
Descubriendo CVS Mujeres Valparaíso: Una exploración de fortalezas y desafíos como una pasante en un centro feminista creado por el Estado de Chile / Discovering CVS Mujeres Valparaíso: An exploration of strengths and challenges as an intern in a feminist center created by the State of Chile
No full textFor the month of May of 2018, as part of the SIT program ¨Chile: Cultural Identity, Social Justice and Community Development,¨ I had the opportunity to do an internship with the Centro de Atención y Reparación para Mujeres Víctimas/Sobrevivientes de Violencia Sexual de Valparaíso (CVS Mujeres Valparaíso), one of three centers created by the State of Chile to provide support and attention to women who are survivors of sexual violence. However, after the installation of the neoliberal económico model during the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet´s regime from 1973 to 1990, there continues to be a legacy of extreme capitalist ideology that limits the application of the concept of gender and contributes to the marginalization of radical feminist thought. What then is the relationship between CVS Mujeres Valparaíso, a feminist organization that addresses the issue of sexual violence, and the Chilean State, which functions within the interlocking systems of neoliberalism, capitalism and sexism? I chose to investigate this question and the tensions that exist in the relationship between these two structures. I also explored the correlation between the work of CVS Mujeres Valparaíso and the themes I have studied this semester with the SIT program. Throughout my time with the organization, I was able to support the organization with the completion of my tasks as an intern, learn about themes related to my interests as a women\u27s and gender studies major, and develop various skills while working in an intercultural environment. I primarily worked with the translation of texts from English to Spanish related to the themes of gynecological and obstetric violence and contributed towards the gestation of an event for the International Day of Action for Women\u27s Health on May 28th. In turn, I was able to learn about the treatment of gender in Chile, understand gynecological and obstetric violence as part of the continuum of gendered violence, and experience teamwork from a feminist perspective all the while working in a professional environment in Valparaíso, Chile. With information from my internship and the interviews I conducted with those I worked with, I discovered how the themes of gender in society, human rights in the history of Chile, and economic and social inequality relate to the work of CVS Mujeres Valpraíso. I also came to recognize that as a result of the relationship with the neoliberal Chilean State, the organization does face limitations in the application of the concept of gender, often being forced to work within the gender binary. They also must manage the neoliberal mentality of production and individualism. However, after my investigation, it is evident that those within the organization practice certain forms of resistance against the limiting and often detrimental implications of these ideological influences of the socio-economic model. All in all, CVS Mujeres Valpraíso clearly must manage certain tensions and contradictions as a feminist center created by the Chilean State. If there are future SIT program students who elect to do an internship with the same organization, I would recommend above all that they speak up, ask questions and enjoy the experience of sharing a feminist space of solidarity with those who they meet through CVS
Ethically Sourced Vanilla: Certifications in the production of vanilla in the SAVA Region of Madagascar
Get PDFVanilla is an orchid whose beans are harvested after ten months on the vine. About eighty percent of the world’s vanilla is produced in Madagascar and the SAVA region is the capital of vanilla production within the country. The changing demand of vanilla, damage from cyclones, and the three-year development of the vanilla plants before they begin producing beans causes a boom and bust cycle of prices of vanilla. Some organizations have tried to ameliorate the problems these cycles and low prices pose to vanilla farmers by creating certifications for companies that promise that they will not pay less than a certain price for vanilla. This is particularly relevant when vanilla prices are low. Other certifications are aimed towards ensuring environmental safety and fair treatment towards farmers. Examples include Fairtrade, Rainforest Alliance, and Organic. The effectiveness of these organizations and programs can be measured against efforts by individual companies to treat their providers ‘fairly.’ This study examines the effect of these certifications, company initiatives, and third-party interests in the production of vanilla and the efficacy of these parties in fostering the fair and sustainable production of vanilla