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Endangered Danger: Christianity, Affect, and Harmless Snakes in Samoa
Get PDFThe Candoia bibroni (Pacific Boa), is a non-venomous Samoan snake that recently become an endangered species, possibly due to human killing on sight. This interdisciplinary research investigates how Pacific Boa came to be perceived as dangerous animals that need to be killed. Following snake tracks through the history of Samoa and into the present, this research suggests that the relationship between Samoans and the Pacific Boa questions the simple binaries of real/imagined, material/semiotic, subjective/objective, and material/immaterial. Particularly with the introduction of Christianity by missionaries in the early-1800s, the Pacific Boa snake came to inhabit the liminal space between these apparent dichotomies
Nationalizing Services for the Trans-National: How Sub-Saharan Migrants Navigate Healthcare Access in Tunisia
Get PDFThe right to human health and the resources that empower this state is an entitlement recognized under international law. With the circumstances surrounding their journeys, migrants face increased risks and vulnerabilities that necessitate social protections. Nations of reception, due to exclusionary policies or lack of capacity, may fail to guarantee these protections. This study investigates how this phenomenon unfolds in Tunisia, a middle-income nation undergoing a host of political and economic changes, but one that’s nonetheless become an alluring destination for migrants, specifically those from sub-Saharan African nations. The analysis proceeds from an assessment of the public health situation in the country, followed with the resources that exist to address potential shortcomings. It includes discussions of issues at hand through interviews with NGO representatives, volunteers, and physicians that assist sub-Saharan migrants on a regular basis. The findings of this study reveal that the socioeconomic and political issues in Tunisia have placed the issue of migration integration on the backburner of domestic concerns. The absence of formal legal framework for sub-Saharan African migrants in Tunisia has, by extension, resulted in an exclusion from access to public health centers. International organizations are currently working to fill this gap, but are limited by lack of funding and bureaucratic support
Examining the Culture of Poverty Argument in Morocco: How Development, Criminalization, Education, and the Makhzen Craft Perceptions
Get PDFThis paper explores if and how stakeholders in Moroccan poverty reduction invoke the culture of poverty argument. The thesis originally proposed by Oscar Lewis has been used and transformed to justify a variety of policies or lack thereof over the past several decades and varies according to history and cultural context. We understand the notion of what it means to be poor in Morocco through the lens of NGOs working with vulnerable populations. The organizations interviewed in this research were all connected to government or foreign aid funding, which inserts a particular development and Western oriented lens to solutions. Although these organizations may not hold negative views of poor people, shanty towns, and migrants, their solutions are geared towards needs in line with a bureaucratic imposition of knowledge rather than the amplification of existing voices and solutions that these communities already have
Hábitos sobre el autocuidado en salud bucodental en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA): estudio de caso en los alumnos de una escuela primaria pública en Caballito / Habits about self-care in oral health in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA): Case study of students in a public elementary school in Caballito
No full textInformación contextual: Las enfermedades bucodentales son unas de las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) y una de las cargas más grandes del mundo. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, entre el 60% y 90% de los escolares de todo el mundo tienen caries dentales, siendo una enfermedad extremadamente prevalente en el nivel primario. Además de visitas al odontólogo para chequeos de rutina, es importante prevenir esta la caries dental con una integración entre salud y educación y desarrollar hábitos saludables. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es explorar los conocimientos sobre el autocuidado de la salud bucodental en los alumnos de quinto a séptimo grado de una escuela primaria pública de Caballito en la ciudad de Buenos Aires en el año 2019.
Metodología: Para alcanzar la meta del proyecto, se llevó a cabo la realización de unos cuestionarios para los alumnos y una entrevista con la directora y vicedirectora de una escuela primaria pública en Caballito, Escuela No. 10 D.E. 7 “Arq. María José Buschiazzo”. Los alumnos fueron interrogados sobre su conocimiento y hábitos relacionados a la higiene bucodental, la alimentación, las visitas al odontólogo y el uso de flúor. El cuestionario ofreció 26 respuestas en total de dos grados de la escuela: 13 alumnos del quinto grado (10 años) y 13 del séptimo grado (12 años).
Conclusión: Los hábitos de autocuidado en salud bucodental de la población estudiada presentan algunas falencias que pueden exponerlos al riesgo de tener caries dentales. La vista odontológica parece asociarse más con la práctica terapéutica que preventiva o de promoción de la salud.
Contextual Information: Oral diseases are some of the non-communicable diseases (NCT) and one of the largest burdens in the world. According to the World Health Organization, between 60% and 90% of schoolchildren around the world have dental caries, being an extremely prevalent disease at the primary level. In addition to visits to the dentist for routine checkups, it is important to prevent dental caries with an integration between health and education and developing health habits. The objective of the following study is to explore the knowledge about oral health self-care in 5th to 7th grade students of a public primary school in Caballito in the city of Buenos Aires in the year 2019.
Methodology: To achieve the goal of the project, a questionnaire for the students and an interview with the principal and vice-principal was conducted in a public primary school in Caballito, School No. 10 D.E. 7 Arq. María José Buschiazzo . The students were interrogated about their knowledge and habits related to oral hygiene, diet, visits to the dentist and the use of fluoride. The questionnaire offered 26 responses in total from two grades of the school: 13 5th grade students (10 years old) and 13 7th grade students (12 years old).
Conclusion: The habits of self-care in oral health of the population studied present some flaws that can expose them to the risk of having dental caries. Dentists seem to be more associated with therapeutic practice than preventive or health promotion
Juntar todos los recursos: Los obstáculos y las oportunidades del financiamiento de las OSCs en Argentina
No full textEl enfoque de este informe es la situación del financiamiento de las OSCs en Argentina. Las OSCs (Organizaciones de Sociedad Civil) pertenecen al sector que trabaja en el campo entre el sector gubernamental y el sector privada. Trabajan para fines públicos, son autónomas y actúan sin fines de lucro. Las OSCs en Argentina generalmente juntan sus fondos principales a través de los siguientes métodos: fondos de las ONGs internacionales; fondos de las empresas; fondos de los donantes individuales. Sin embargo, dependiendo del tamaño y la reputación de cada OSC, tienen fondos de escalas diferentes (Klugman et al). Para ilustrar, las organizaciones más grandes y famosas como UNICEF y MSF pueden conseguir más fondos de todas las partes. En comparación, las organizaciones más pequeñas y locales tienen mucha dificultad y tienen que ser muy creativas para asegurar sus fuentes (Valls). La situación general de financiamiento en argentina no es tan amigable, especialmente para las OSCs pequeñas
“El territorio como protagonista”: Un análisis de los recuerdos territoriales como parte de la memoria colectiva del pueblo mapuche / “Territory as a Protagonist”: An Analysis of Territorial Memories that Form Part of the Collective Memory of the Pueblo Mapuche
No full textEl estado-nación de la Argentina se construyó por encima del territorio del pueblo originario mapuche (y de otros pueblos indígenas, también), que históricamente ha habitado en ambos lados de la cordillera andina, y que precede la formación de estados, fronteras, capitalismo y colonialismo. A partir del evento disruptivo de las campañas militares del ejército argentino que se realizaron a fines del siglo XIX, el territorio mapuche se convirtió en un sitio de conflicto. Además, las campañas militares y el proceso de formación del estado argentino inscribieron en las historias oficiales un ideario de una nación homogéneamente blanca, europea y criolla. Por consecuencia, las memorias sociales del pueblo mapuche, construido dentro de un contexto sociocultural de alterización y subalternización, comparten un modo diferente de interpretar el pasado –un modo que renueva los no-relatos que fueron subordinados por la historia hegemónica, y que reconstruye sentidos del pasado a partir de un conocimiento de que el proceso de consolidación del estado argentino no fue “una conquista del desierto”, sino un proceso sistemático de genocidio cuyas consecuencias continúan hasta el día de hoy. Es a partir de estas construcciones hegemónicas de alteridad indígena, las cuales tienen sus rasgos en la política del estado hacia la población originaria, que da la memoria oral del pueblo mapuche como marco alternativo de repensar, reconstruir y problematizar los eventos del pasado.
Esta investigación expone qué formas toman las memorias territoriales compartidas por gente mapuche, y cómo se piensan en relación con el presente. Mi proyecto de investigación busca analizar cómo los procesos de recordar el territorio brinda nuevas percepciones al proyecto político y cultural del pueblo mapuche en la actualidad. Como metodología de investigación realicé tres entrevistas a diferentes personas que se autoreconocen como mapuches. Las mismas estuvieron estructuradas en el análisis sobre las siguientes dimensiones: 1) las memorias de los tiempos en el territorio antes de que ocurrieran las campañas militares, 2) las memorias de despojo y desalojo del territorio, 3) las memorias de regreso al territorio, y 4) la influencia de las memorias en las percepciones territoriales del presente. El análisis revela que las memorias territoriales, tanto las de épocas “felices” como las de épocas “tristes”, se ponen en conexión con el contexto del presente para crear nuevas perspectivas sobre la lucha territorial que está sucediendo ahora, y que las memorias de regreso surgen para los entrevistados como las memorias que más contribuyeron a la construcción de un sentido de pertenencia y al proceso de constituirse como pueblo
Entre el júbilo y el horror: un análisis de la prensa nacionalista creada por la última dictadura de Argentina durante la Copa Mundial de 1978 y las micro resistencias en el Buenos Aires Herald / Between jubilation and horror: An Analysis of the Nationalistic Press Created by the Last Dictatorship in Argentina During the 1978 World Cup and the Micro Resistances in the Buenos Aires Herald
No full textThis paper analyzes the nationalistic rhetoric used during the 1978 World Cup in Argentina. The dictatorship during this time heavily censored the press in order to maintain a favorable image, so, this paper will analyze three sources that supported the dictatorship and one that resisted the censorship instilled by the dictatorship. To achieve this analysis, I utilized various archives in Buenos Aires to find material from one newspaper and two magazines that supported the dictatorship: Clarín, Para Ti, and El Gráfico and articles from the newspaper, the Buenos Aires Herald, which continued to criticize the government despite intimidation. In this paper, I analyze the different nationalistic methods each press source utilized in order generate popular support both within Argentina and from countries abroad and contrast that nationalistic rhetoric with the critical writings of the Buenos Aires Herald.
Este ensayo analiza la retórica nacionalista usada durante el Mundial de 1978 en Argentina. La dictadura durante esta época censuró fuertemente la prensa para mantener una imagen favorable, por eso este ensayo analizará tres fuentes que apoyaron a la dictadura y una que resistió la censura instalada por el gobierno. Para lograr esto, utilicé una variedad de archivos en Buenos Aires para encontrar materiales de un diario y dos revistas que apoyaron a la dictadura: Clarín, Para Ti, and El Gráfico, y artículos del Buenos Aires Herald, que continuó criticando al gobierno a pesar de la intimidación. En este ensayo, analizo los diversos métodos nacionalistas utilizados para generar apoyo popular tanto dentro de Argentina como en otros países en el escenario internacional y contrasto esta retórica nacionalista con la escritura crítica del Buenos Aires Herald
Rwanda community ownership of conflict transformation mechanisms after the 1994 genocide against Tutsi
No full textThe 1994 genocide against Tutsi that befell Rwanda was one of its kind in the twentieth century. Consequently, Rwanda was politically, socially and economically destroyed. Efforts to reconstruct the country would not unfold without conflict transformation strategies to ensure future sustainable peace and social cohesion. The present study seeks to understand how a cross section of Rwandan citizens has understood and evaluated the impacts of Gacaca (a traditional court) and Ndi Umunyarwanda (literally meaning I am a Rwandan) conflict transformation mechanisms among others that were used. It was established that these mechanisms were initiated at the central level and public awareness campaigns carried out to involve all citizens in implementation for sustainability and proper transformation. Therefore, little ownership of Gacaca and Ndi Umunyarwanda especially in their inceptions was revealed yet the mechanisms were appreciated as the foundation of unity and reconciliation of Rwandans after the genocide. Though the findings proved good outcomes like facilitation of trials, reconciliatory justice and removal of ethnicity from identity cards that was humiliating some Rwandans, conflict transformation in Rwanda has gone through a daunting process as the same findings suggest. Lack of trust in the Government transformation initiatives, mutual exclusion by both genocide survivors and perpetrators were the major challenges to the process. Findings revealed that Gacaca and Ndi Umunyarwanda were based on Rwanda’s context, tradition and values which were regarded as pillars in support of these mechanisms despite challenges. For a sustainable conflict transformation in Rwanda, findings suggested bottom-up approaches and Rwanda’s perspective to focus on the youth and going beyond the territory. Findings also supported the build-up of critical thinking of Rwandans
Colonialism, Postcolonialism, and the Drive for Social Justice: A Historical Analysis of Identity Based Conflicts in the First Republic of Liberia
Get PDFLiberia was an American settler based colony of freed African Americans who were commissioned with the task of establishing a Western form of governance on the African continent. The result of this venture was the colonization of indigenous Africans and almost 200 years of identity based conflict and colonial oppression. Thus, the question driving this research was how to achieve social justice in postcolonial Liberia. In pursuit of this question, the researcher seeks to develop an array of perspectives from within the context of Liberia regarding social justice through the conceptual framework of postcolonialism. Furthermore, it is the intention of this paper to also construct a historical analysis of the First Republic of Liberia that provides a polycentric approach to constructing Liberian history in order to examine the pursuit of social justice through multiple perspectives. In so doing, a history of the First Republic can be realized that demonstrates a shared experience by all Liberians in the pursuit of social justice, albeit through very different means. In conclusion, a contemporary synthesis on social justice is developed that is informed by this history and also provides a united path forward for all Liberians collectively
Political activists or violent fans? Understanding the Moroccan Ultras perspective through social media discourse analysis
Get PDFThis paper examines the origins, traditions, reasons behind rapid numbers expansion, and violent tendencies of organized groups of young football fans called Ultras. It also sheds the light on Al Raja Ultra groups, the first Moroccan Ultras groups and the most violent who started emerging in Casablanca in 2005, and since then thrived and diversified, not only in Casablanca but in Morocco as a whole. It’s unknown where the culture was derived from due to lack of literature on this matter but speculated to be a mimicking of neighboring countries such as Spain, and Tunisia where this phenomenon has been more prevalent. Ultras groups are the most loyal fans to Moroccan football clubs that created an entire culture surrounding teams of allegiance, and soccer in general.
This paper was initially proposed to evaluate the Ultras activism against a ban that has been instituted against them. Yet, the research uncovered an unsolved problem of Ultras rioting even after the ban was lifted, indicating urgency to understand The Moroccan Ultras culture. Therefore, the research has been repurposed to tend to the violence problem. The back and forth battles amongst Ultra factions, and between Ultras and security forces has been leaving a trail of loses between lives and public-private properties. Through discourse analysis, this paper is going to attempt to present the Ultras perspective of rioting events and identify key themes to their involvement of such actions.
It concludes with; if the Moroccan regulating bodies and security forces keep the lazy politics top down approach and do not take an inclusive approach to try and solve the issue of rioting, they’re risking further radicalization of the Ultras that might evolve into a much larger problem